Chapter 14-15

________ disorders are characterized by excessive, persistent fear and worry that is accompanied by disturbances in behaviors. Anxiety Dissociative Personality Affective

Anxiety

Diondre harbors the belief that spider eggs have been implanted underneath his fingernails and that the spiders will hatch inside his skin and will eventually begin to eat his organs. What kind of delusion is this? grandiose somatic paranoid disorganized

somatic

What is meant by the term etiology? the cause of a disorder likely future path of an illness frequency with which a given illness occurs the different symptoms of a given condition

the cause of a disorder

What was the most stressful event found on the Social Readjustment Rating Scale with a LCU score of 100? declaring bankruptcy the death of a spouse being the victim of a sexual assault divorce

the death of a spouse

The relaxation response technique is a stress reduction technique that combines elements of relaxation and ________. biofeedback the practice of tai chi chi focusing transcendental meditation

transcendental meditation

Researchers have found that approximately _____ percent of those with dissociative identity disorder were physically and/or sexually abused in childhood, leading to the conclusion that trauma can be a cause of this disorder. 65% 95% 99% 80%

95%

Which of the following is an example of the alarm reaction stage of the general adaptation syndrome? Bill collapses by the side of the road after the marathon. William sleepwalks when he eats too much candy before bed. Sheila almost drowned, but she was able to keep her head out of the water and focus on swimming to shore. A burst of energy enables Hassan to run fast when he sees a skunk in his path.

A burst of energy enables Hassan to run fast when he sees a skunk in his path.

________ is stress-reduction technique whereby electronic equipment measuring a person's involuntary (neuromuscular and autonomic) activity helps him gain a level of voluntary control over these processes. Relaxation response technique Biofeedback The Selye Method Meditation

Biofeedback

Which of the following is an example of eustress? losing a job recovering from a car accident buying a new home getting a divorce

Buying a new home

Which of the following individuals is demonstrating an optimistic outlook on life? Cary, who gets angry when his favorite baseball team is losing a game. Carlotta, who has had enough of her job and doesn't feel it will ever make her happy. Carl, who tends to see the good in situations and always looks on the bright side of things. Carla, who is in a relationship that is just "for now" while waiting for the love of her life.

Carl, who tends to see the good in situations and always looks on the bright side of things.

Which of the following is an example of a stimulus-based definition of stress? Carrie experiences stress because she notices her car is almost out of gas and worries about being stranded on the highway, but then she feels better when she sees a gas station nearby. Laura experiences stress because she gasped and had difficulty breathing when she saw a spider. Grace experiences stress when she notices her heartbeat increasing in response to being separated from her parents at the amusement park. Caroline experiences stress because she is home alone and hears unusual noises outside.

Caroline experiences stress because she is home alone and hears unusual noises outside.

Lamont cares for his aging father, who suffers from dementia. This is an example of a(n) ________ stressor. non-threatening chronic acute threatening

Chronic

Noticing that you have difficulty concentrating during and after periods of prolonged stress exemplifies how stress can have a negative ________ impact. social cognitive emotional physical

Cognitive

Which classification system is used by most mental health professionals in the United States of America? Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Determining Statistical Manifestation of Disorders International Classification of Diseases Determinants of Social Mental Disorders

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

Which option is the greatest risk factor for the development of burnout? job strain resistance an absence of eustressors a Type A problem

Job strain

Which of the following is an example of a diathesis-stress model? Selected Answer: Ozzie has a genetic predisposition towards depression, but he did not experience depression until his mother and father died. Ozzie treats his depression by exposing himself to a series of stressors so he can learn coping skills. Ozzie's doctor does not believe that mental illness has a biological basis. Ozzie treats his manic episodes by using medication to induce depression.

Ozzie has a genetic predisposition towards depression, but he did not experience depression until his mother and father died.

Which of the following is an inaccurate statement about dissociative disorders? People with these disorders exhibit a personality style that differs markedly from the expectations of their culture. People with these disorders become disconnected from their sense of self. These disorders have a psychological rather than a physical cause. People with these disorders experience memory and identity disturbances.

People with these disorders exhibit a personality style that differs markedly from the expectations of their culture.

Developing stomach ulcers during a prolonged period of stress exemplifies how stress can have a negative ________ impact. physiological cognitive morbid mental

Physiological

Which dimension of the Type A behavior pattern is most predictive of heart disease? time urgency competitiveness impatience anger/hostility

anger/hostility

Which term refers to mental or behavioral efforts used to manage problems relating to stress, including the cause and the unpleasant feelings and emotions it produces? distress autopilot coping biofeedback

coping

Which of the following is a common characteristic of all dissociative disorders? feeling sad and hopeless over a long period of time rapidly fluctuating mood becoming split off, or separated, from one's core sense of self memory loss

becoming split off, or separated, from one's core sense of self

According to the textbook, which of these events would have the highest likelihood of causing post-traumatic stress disorder? being assaulted and robbed of your cash and credit cards reading about the death of dozens of people in a terrible airplane crash surviving a hurricane that destroyed a city a fire to one's home that left no remains

being assaulted and robbed of your cash and credit cards

Lamont cares for his aging father, who suffers from dementia. This is an example of a(n) ________ stressor. non-threatening acute threatening chronic

chronic

At the most basic level, schizophrenia is best conceptualized as a(n) ________ disorder. psychotic impulse control obsessive-compulsive dissociative

psychotic

The saying is "Money can buy happiness", but research finds that in the United States those who earn more than ________ per year are not measurably happier than those who earn below that amount. $55,000 $92,000 $75,000 $40,000

$75,000

Which of the following is an example of the exhaustion stage of the general adaptation syndrome? Nanette stays up all night to study for her math test. Betty steps down as class treasurer her senior year because she needs to focus on her grades. After wondering for months if he was going to lose his job, Nicolao begins to develop stomach ulcers. Burt is determined to learn how to play chess, so he spends all his time reading chess books.

After wondering for months if he was going to lose his job, Nicolao begins to develop stomach ulcers.

________ is having an experience that is so engaging and engrossing that it becomes worth doing for its own sake. During this state a person might say that they feel that they lose themselves' in the activity. Zen Flow Completion Chi

Flow

A flat tire in the morning, realizing that you forgot to get your homework done, and getting into an argument with a buddy are all examples of ________. eustressors life changes traumatic events hassles

Hassles

Which pair of psychiatrists were responsible for developing the Social Readjustment Rating Scale? Diener and Seligman Lazarus and Folkman Selye and Cannon Holmes and Rahe

Holmes and Rahe

Which of the following is an example of a primary appraisal of a stressor? Sophia decides to get a divorce because her husband is cheating on her. Humphrey judges the man with the gun to be a moderate threat. Ava decides to quit her job because her employer is so unpleasant. Mekhi weighs his options on dealing with the bully who is harassing him.

Humphrey judges the man with the gun to be a moderate threat.

Which of the following is the best example of a compulsion? Will cannot stop thinking about the exam that he has in chemistry tomorrow. Jordy locks his door exactly nine times every time he leaves the house to make sure it is locked. Luke is wearing a bandage for longer than needed to make sure his cut is fully healed. Jean wears both sunglasses and a hat to keep the sun out of her eyes.

Jordy locks his door exactly nine times every time he leaves the house to make sure it is locked.

Apollonia was diagnosed with major depressive disorder five years ago. She knows her mother took medicine to combat depression and she worries her daughter will experience depression too. Why? Selected Answer: Apollonia also suffers from social anxiety disorder. Mood disorders have been shown to have a strong genetic and biological basis. People who grow up with a depressed parent usually become depressed themselves. Mood disorders are more likely to occur in younger people.

Mood disorders have been shown to have a strong genetic and biological basis.

Keegan is a police officer. She was recently placed on administrative leave because she was shot during an armed robbery. Since the shooting, she canâ t stop thinking about how it felt to be shot, she is often angry with her husband, she jumps when she hears a loud noise, and she takes a 15 minute detour when driving home to avoid the neighborhood where it happened. Keegan probably suffers from ________. bipolar depressive disorder post-traumatic stress disorder physiological stressors related to her shooting the exhaustion stage of the general adaptation syndrome

Post-traumatic stress disorder

According to three separate surveys, administered in 1983, 2006, and 2009, which statement about the relationship between stress and sex is the most accurate? Women report experiencing more stress than men. Men and women report experiencing approximately the same amount of stress. Men report experiencing more stress than women. While women report experiencing less stress later in life, men report experiencing more stress later in life.

Women report experiencing more stress than men

Piper is terribly afraid of a number of different situations. She doesn't like riding on public busses or subways, finds open spaces very intimidating, does not like feeling "lost in a crowd," and prefers the safe and secure feeling of her own home. If these symptoms cause disruptions in her life, Piper might be diagnosed with ________. agoraphobia ophidiophobia acrophobia arachnophobia

agoraphobia

Alma has a serious disease in which the airways of her respiratory system become obstructed, leading to great difficulty expelling air from the lungs. Which disease does Alma have? systemic lupus erythematosus lung cancer asthma heart disease

asthma

Heather considers taking a new job. She focuses on the increased opportunities for promotion and the higher salary rather than her increased responsibilities; therefore, she views the new position as a ________ rather than a ________. challenge; threat distress; eustress Type A stressor; Type B stressor hassle; major life event

challenge;threat

What do obsessive-compulsive disorder, body dysmorphic disorder, and hoarding disorder have in common? conviction that the patient herself is the cause of many people's troubles repetitive thoughts and urges, as well as an uncontrollable need to engage in repetitive behavior and mental acts obsession with the suffering of others generalized anxiety and specific phobias

conviction that the patient herself is the cause of many people's troubles

Doug is an emergency room nurse in a large, underfunded, public hospital. Lately, he finds himself assuming that the patients he sees are just trying to get free drugs to feed an addiction. Just yesterday a little boy was brought in with a broken arm, and Doug found that he was completely indifferent to the boyâ s pain. What aspect of job burnout does this exemplify? dimension 3 - diminished personal accomplishment dimension 4 - giving up dimension 1 - exhaustion dimension 2 - depersonalization

dimension 2 - depersonalization

Which pair of neurotransmitters has received the most attention as a potential explanation for the symptoms of schizophrenia? serotonin and norepinephrine dopamine and serotonin norepinephrine and gamma-aminobutyric acid gamma-aminobutyric acid and oxytocin

dopamine and serotonin

Cole spends a few weeks being treated for major depressive disorder. He eventually stops exhibiting symptoms, but a few months later they reoccur. Once again the symptoms dissipate, but a few months later they reoccur. Cole's major depressive disorder is ________? reoccurring every few months asymptomatic episodic limited in duration to a few weeks

episodic

Jade hears a rattle. When she turns around she sees a rattlesnake inches from her leg. Her pupils dilate, her heart pounds, and she begins to sweat. This response is called the ________ response. emotion-threat eustress-distress social supportive fight-or-flight

fight-or-flight

Hypertension is a major risk factor for heart disease because it ________. forces the heart to pump harder, which puts more physical strain on the heart slows the heart rate, which leads to less efficient distribution of oxygen through the body restricts a person's salt intake, which suppresses the immune system places stress on the thyroid system, which inflames the arteries

forces the heart to pump harder, which puts more physical strain on the heart

Which of the following is a set of symptoms or behaviors that you might see in a person diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder? lack of regard for others' rights, impulsivity, deceitfulness, irresponsibility, and lack of remorse over misdeeds pervasive need for perfectionism that interferes with the ability to complete tasks overinflated and unjustified sense of self-importance instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and mood

lack of regard for others' rights, impulsivity, deceitfulness, irresponsibility, and lack of remorse over misdeeds

Angela transfers to a new high school for gifted children and has trouble making friends. She expected this and plans to change it by joining more after school clubs and sitting next to different people at lunch. She believes she has effective options for dealing with the stressor of having no friends; therefore, she experiences ________. no physiological response to the stressor of having no friends more stress than someone who has no effective options more anxiety than someone who has no effective options less stress than someone who has no effective options

less stress than someone who has no effective options

White blood cells that circulate in the bloodstream and are an important part of the body's immune system are called ________. leukotrienes basophils histamines lymphocytes

lymphocytes

Janice is in the middle of a distinct period of an abnormally and persistently elevated mood. In the last week she has cleaned her house from top to bottom (breaking windows and dishes in the process), bought a new car that she can't afford, and dug up most of her yard in case she might want a garden next year. Janice is experiencing a(n) ________ episode. psychotic dissociative body dysmorphic manic

manic

Nathan has an overinflated and unjustified sense of self-importance. He is preoccupied with fantasies of success and believes that he is entitled to special treatment from others. Nathan appears to suffer from ________ personality disorder. borderline histrionic narcissistic schizotypal

narcissistic

Which kind of psychology seeks to identify and promote those qualities that lead to happy, fulfilled, and contented lives rather than focusing on pathology, faults and problems? positive psychology eustress psychology gestalt psychology humanistic psychology

positive psychology

Mental or behavioral acts that reduce anxiety in social situations, such as avoiding eye contact or rehearsing sentences before speaking are called ________. cognitive restructures ruminations obsessions safety behaviors

safety behaviors

Phyllis cannot be alone. Her moods and behaviors are unstable, as are her relationships with other people. She often displays inappropriate and intense anger. Recently, Phyllis wrote a suicide note and offered to show it to her husband. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for her personality? borderline personality disorder avoidant personality disorder schizotypal personality disorder antisocial personality disorder

schizotypal personality disorder

Anna is a school counselor. She hates going to work and wants to lock the door and cry whenever a student comes to her for help. She just doesn't feel like she has anything left to give. What dimension of job burnout does this exemplify? dimension 2 - depersonalization dimension 1 - exhaustion dimension 4 - giving up dimension 3 - diminished personal accomplishment

dimension 1 - exhaustion

Those symptoms that involve noticeable decreases and absences in certain behaviors, emotions, or drives in those afflicted with schizophrenia are called ________ symptoms. negative invisible absentee positive

negative

What do studies show about the relationship between stress and memory? Stress has no effect on remembering educational material. Recall of educational material is best under stress-free conditions. Intense stress can enhance both immediate and delayed recall of educational material. Moderate stress can enhance both immediate and delayed recall of educational material.

Moderate stress can enhance both immediate and delayed recall of educational material.

Brizan has just lost his job. He is proactive in trying to resolve this source of stress; he immediately uses the internet to look up other jobs in his field and plans to eliminate non-essentials from his budget to make his savings last longer. Which type of coping approach is Brizan using? proactive emotion-focused problem-focused stress reduction

Problem-focused

Which of the following is an example of hopelessness theory? Rochelle stops taking her medication because she does not think medication will help her depression. Rochelle is in an earthquake and many of her friends die, so she becomes depressed. Rochelle has an expectation that terrible things will happen and there is nothing she can do about it, this leads her to become depressed. Rochelle is depressed, so she thinks terrible things will happen.

Rochelle has an expectation that terrible things will happen and there is nothing she can do about it, this leads her to become depressed.

The approach to psychology suggesting that psychological disorders may be best explained by looking at genetic factors, chemical imbalances, and brain abnormalities is the ________ perspective. biological diathesis-stress gestalt psychodynamic

biological

________ is the kind of stress that exceeds the optimal level, is no longer a positive force, and becomes excessive and debilitating. Type A stress Type B stress Eustress Distress

distress

Which aspect of the definition of happiness gives the impression that it is a long-term state rather than a brief mood that we experience from time to time? feelings of joy a sense of wonder a feeling that ones life has meaning and value a state of contentment

a feeling that ones' life has meaning and value

In Hans Selye's rat study, rats that were exposed to stressors over a long period of time showed signs of ________. adrenal shrinkage, thymus and lymph node enlargement, and stomach ulceration adrenal dissipation, thymus and lymph node mortification, and constipation adrenal enlargement, thymus and lymph node shrinkage, and stomach ulceration adrenal enlargement, thymus and lymph node enlargement, and stomach ulceration

adrenal enlargement, thymus and lymph node shrinkage, and stomach ulceration

Cordelia, an active duty marine, served in Afghanistan. While she was on patrol with her friend, an IED went off, killing her friend and injuring Cordelia's left arm. In the two months since her friend died, Cordelia has been jumpy, irritable, avoids talking about her friend, and once every few days experiences a flashback to the explosion. Cordelia is experiencing ________ disorder. panic bipolar schizotypal personality post-traumatic stress

post-trauatic stress