EDSP 205: Exam Study Guide
What is FAPE?
(Free and Appropriate Public Education) is defined as special education and related services that: a. are provided at the public's expense, under public supervision and direction, and without charge b. are provided in conformity with the IEP and provides students "...an education that emphasizes special education and related services designed to meet their unique needs and prepare them for further education, employment and independent living" c. provide "access to the general curriculum to meet the challenging expectations established for all children"-- that is, the approximate grade-level standards of the state must be considered d. result in meaningful educational benefit to the child
What is an IEP?
(Individualized Education Program) is an act that requires that public schools create an individualized education program for each student who is found eligible under both federal and state eligibility/disability standards. The IEP is cornerstone of a student's educational program. It specifies the services to be provided and determines how the student's disability affects academic or functional performance
The least restrictive environment principle requires the following: a) children must be included in nonacademic classes but not academic classes to address remediation of education needs b) children must be included in the regular education classroom at all times to ensure the development of appropriate social skills c) children with disabilities must receive some services in the home as well as services in the school setting d) children with disabilities should be placed in the general education classroom to the greatest extent possible; however, the individual needs of a student may result in services being provided outside of the general education setting to support their progress
Children with disabilities should be placed in the general education classroom to the greatest extent possible; however, the individual needs of a student may result in services being provided outside of the general education setting to support their progress.
Define the ABCDE format used:
A - audience B - behavior C - condition D - degree E - expected date
The IDEA principle of free, appropriate public education or FAPE means the following: a) a child will be educated at the parents' preferred location b) An Individualized Education Program (IEP) must be developed and implemented for all children who are found eligible for special education services, at no cost to the parents c) A parent pays only for devices and services that represent a financial burden to the district d) all the options listed
an Individualized Education Program (IEP) must be developed and implemented for all children who are found eligible for special education services, at no cost to the parents.
teratogen
any substance introduced into the womb which causes harm to the fetus
What are evaluation methods for goals?
attendance records, checklists, report cards and grades, student work artifacts, observational and anecdotal notes, progress monitoring data, behavior/discipline records, parent input, previous IEP, informal assessment results, formal test results, criterion referenced tests, standardized tests, achievement tests
Describing autism and subsequently labeling children under this category has historically been and continues to be complicated. The reason for this is: a) the cause of autism is known but very expensive to diagnose b) autistic characteristics vary considerably across individuals who are diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder c) Autism is a social category that shifts in dimensions as our culture shifts d) Autism is a catch-all term for children who have no other diagnosis
autistic characteristics vary considerably across individuals who are diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder
What is proximal-distal?
center of body toward the extremities
Select the term that matches the following definition: "the mental action or process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience, and the senses. This process impacts perception, memory, judgment, and abstract and concrete reasoning." a) physical development b) language development c) cognitive development
cognitive development
environmental risk
conditions that place them at risk of developmental delays
A disorder which is present at birth is always considered a: a) congential disorder b) latent disorder c) sensory disorder d) physical disorder
congential disorder
The cephalo-caudal pattern of development is the sequence of motor skills where: a) control occurs progressively downward from head and neck, to the trunk, hips and legs, and finally to the feet and toes b) control progresses from the center of the body outward toward the extremities c) control is initially concentrated on large muscle groups (walking) and then on small muscle groups (writing). d) none of the options listed
control occurs progressively downward from head and heck, to the trunk, hips and legs, and finally to the feet and toes
Family empowerment is present when: a) families are able to influence the people and organizations that affect their lives, are clear about their rights, and can advocate for their child by using these rights b) families entrust decision-making regarding their child to community agencies involved in delivering special services c) professionals feel comfortable making difficult decisions for families in crisis. d) all of the options listed are in place
families are able to influence the people and organizations that affect their lives, are clear about their rights, and can advocate for their child by using these rights
What is cephalo-caudal?
head to toe
What are the factors that influence development?
heredity and environment (nurture vs nature) family configuration, family education, economics, health care, child care, the importance of security, bonding and attachment
Ms. Clemons is a service coordinator for the Foutz family. She takes seriously her responsibility of empowering this family. Therefore, she keeps the following principles in mind: a) Taking a paternalistic role with families, by taking action and making decision for families, always in consideration of their best interest as viewed by knowledgeable professionals b) viewing families as problem solving and interfering c) viewing families as service providers to their children and avoiding family needs out of respect for privacy d) honoring the privacy of families and protecting them against unwanted intrusion
honoring the privacy of families and protecting them against unwarranted intrusion
What is specially designed instruction?
includes adaptations that are significantly disfferent from those normally made for nondisabled students, and are necessary to reduce or offeset the adverse effects of a child's disability
What is participative when it comes to family empowerment?
individualized in such a way that information provided to parents enables families to make choices, formulate plans, and execute plans to achieve expressed family outcomes
developmental delays
infants and toddlers who have fallen significantly below the age-related normed developmental benchmarks in one or more areas in communication, physical development, adaptive behavior, cognition, or social/emotion
What are content enhancements and accommodations?
instructional and assessment accommodations extended time, check understanding of directions, allow verbal responses, use of technology to produce written work, selective seating, organizational support, break tasks into smaller components, guided notes, graphic organizers, visual displays to supplement verbally presented information
Which of the following descriptions match the Life expectancy data for individuals with Down Syndrome since the early 20th century? a) it has remained basically the same b) it has increased significantly c) it has decreased
it has increased significantly
What are present levels of performance?
it is the portion of your child's IEP that details how he is doing academically. It is used to develop goals, provide accommodations and/or modifications, plan assessment and services,
presuppositions
judgments made about the listener that influence communication
What is use or pragmatics?
language use in the way in which children communicate in social contexts
Which of the following statements reflects an action that IEP team members SHOULD TAKE with regards to appropriate provision of IEP accommodations? a) assume certain accommodations, such as extra time, are appropriate for every child in every content area b) check every accommodation possible on a checklist simply to be "safe". c) assume the same accommodations remain appropriate year after year d) make accommodation decisions based on individualized needs
make accommodation decisions based on individualized needs
biological risk
medical conditions that threaten to compromise health and are predictive of later delays
expressive language
messages communicated
receptive language
messages from others that are understood
What are progress reports to parents?
Periodic report cards indicating the child's progress and the extent to which the progress is sufficient to achieve annual goals
congenital
present at birth
Which of the following represents our current knowledge and beliefs about human patterns of physical and social/emotional development? a) There is no evidence to suggest that the need for social attachment is a critical and highly impactful biological drive b) young infants are capable of learning new behaviors, solving problems, and adapting to changes in their environment c) Developmental milestones describe a sequence of steps though which children progress, but this sequence is not universal d) Today, developmentalists believe infants play a passive unintentional role in their own development
Young infants are capable of learning new behaviors, solving problems, and adapting to changing in their environment
An effective and compliant IEP Goal or Objective contains: a) a statement of the observable behavior to the demonstrated conditions under which the student will respond, expected date of completion, and degree or criteria required to indicate mastery level performance b) a statement of the student's academic and behavioral strengths and areas of need c) a statement of educational supports and related services to be provided to the student d) a statement of the educational setting where the services to meet the goal will be provided
a statement of the observable behavior to be demonstrated, conditions under which the student will respond, expected date of completion, and degree or criteria to indicate mastery level performance
The IDEA principle of appropriate and non-biased evaluations for the purpose of determining eligibility for special education services means that: a) non-biased assessment and evaluation tools must be used b) evaluations or assessments must be administered in the child's native language c) more than one assessment must be used to reduce the opportunity of bias and misindentification d) all options listed
all options listed
What is an example of explicit instruction?
provide a sufficient range of examples to illustrate a concept, provide models of proficient performance, have students explain how and why they make decisions (metacognition), provide frequent, positive and specific feedback, provide adequate practice and review opportunities, teach task-specific strategies to guide completion of learning tasks
Which of the following is NOT a recommended strategy for supporting students on the Autism Spectrum? a) providing a highly variable schedule b) providing sensory accommodations c) providing visual schedules and organizational supports d) provide direct teaching of pragmatic language and social skills
providing a highly variable schedule
What is non-contingent when it comes to family empowerment?
providing services for families while expecting no proactive behavior on the part of families, results in usurping opportunities for family empowerment because families are not given responsibility for actions or decisions
What is cultural sensivity?
receptiveness to differences
What is content in language?
refers to a child's knowledge of the words and the interrelationship between words
What is form in language?
refers to the structure of language and includes phonology (study of speech sounds, vowels and then consonants), syntax (the pattern or grammar of language, single words, two word phrases, etc.), and morphemes (the units of meaning free first then bound
plasticity
the brain's capacity for modification, as evident in brain reorganization following damage (especially in children) and in experiments on the effects of experience on brain development
speech
the oral transmission of language
What is language?
the symbolic system with standard rules used for communication, form content and use
What is the purpose of an ETR?
to get opinions from all people, establish baselines and strengths, and weaknesses for IEP to check eligibility for special education or to reevaluate a current IEP
What is empiricism?
to rely on observation and to be guided by practical experience rather than theory alone, includes data collection, observable, resource based strategies
There are several different medical conditions or syndromes that include mental retardation as one of the co-occurring conditions. True or false? TRUE FALSE
False
What is established risk
diagnosed condition that gives them a high probability of later delays in development
What are the Big SIX Components?
1. IEP 2. LRE 3. FAPE 4. Appropriate evaluation 5. Parent and teacher participation 6. Procedural Safeguards
What are some factors to challenge cultural sensitivity?
1. assumed similarity 2. ethnocentrism- lack of acceptance or understanding of differences, tendency of thinking one race is superior 3. anxiety or tension when basic values are opposed 4. Prejudice 5. stereotyping 6. comfort with the familiar
What are the four required team members and what do they do?
1. parent -- give consent and approve of decisions 2. special education teacher -- designs and provides accommodations/instructional needs for the child 3. general education teacher -- provides feedback and helps with designing and creating the IEP 4. Administrator/district representative -- ensures that each person is doing what they need to do
What must IEPs contain?
1. present levels of performance 2. annual goals 3. accommodations 4. modifications 5. assessment participation 6. evaluation measures to establish PL and monitor progress 7. progress reports to parents relative to IEP goals
What is the ABCDE format used for?
Goals and objectives
Which of the following characteristics is NOT common among individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder? a) Has difficulty taking the perspectives of others b) Highly flexible with schedules and routines c) Intense interests in and knowledge about a specific topic or concept d) Highly sensitive to auditory or visual stimuli
Highly flexible with schedules and routines
What are procedural safeguards?
IDEIA includes a set of procedural safeguards designed to protect the rights of children with disabilities and their families and to ensure that children with disabilities receive FAPE.
Which of the following statements accurately defines and IEP accommodation? a) IEP accommodation should be applied only for statewide assessment measures b) IEP accommodations are developed for students working within the general education curriculum, and can be divided into assessment for instructional accommodations c) IEP accommodations are the same as IEP modifications and the terms can be used interchangeably d) IEP accommodations are developed only for students with the most severe level of disabilities
IEP accommodations are developed for students working within the general education curriculum, and can be divided into assessment or instructional accommodations
What are the compliance timelines for meetings and reviews for IEPs?
IEPS must be reviewed and revised at least one time per calendar year.
In Section 6 of the IEP, what does it describe?
It describes the present levels of academic achievement and functional performance component for each IEP goal and similar information that pertains to each goal
In Section 3 of the IEP in relation to areas of strength and needs, what does it describe?
It includes meaningful information about the student's strengths and weaknesses and areas of need. It can include assessment data, supports that help the student learn, impact of the disability on student progress and expected participation in the general education curriculum as well as specific concerns of the parent
Which of the following statements about Specific Learning Disabilities is NOT TRUE? a) when considering the number of students who qualify for Special Education services under each category, the Specific Learning Disability category has by far the largest percentage of students b) Students who meet the eligibility criteria for Specific Learning disabilities have overall intellectual capacity that falls within the average to above average range c) Recent research has revealed that diagnosed Learning Disabilities represent a condition which is curable over time d) ADHD and learning disabilities often occur at the same time in one student; however, the two disorders are not the same
Recent research has revealed that diagnosed Learning Disabilities represent a condition which is curable over time
What is Parent and Teacher Participation?
Signed consent and prior written notice a. family members & school staff work together throughout the entire special education process, including the development of the two critical special education documents > ETR and IEP ** b. parents must be kept informed about any decisions made about their child, and are encouraged to provide input to guide the selection of specific educational goals and placements c. parents, as well as teachers, are able to challenge any IEP Team decisions that they feel are inappropriate for the student via an established IEP amendment process
What is appropriate evaluation?
The Evaluation Process and the Evaluation Team Report (ETR) a. students are placed in special education services throughout the entire special education process, which results in a comprehensive report on the Student's Educational Strengths and Needs, establishes eligibility, and drives the development of the IEP. The evaluation process requires that school teams must: - utilize a variety of assessment tools and strategies to gather student data, and obtain input from parents and teachers - prohibit the use of any single evaluation as the sole criterion for placement in special education - provide protections against evaluation measures that are racially or culturally discriminatory.
Which of the following statements about the evaluation process utilized to establish eligibility for special education services for school-aged students is NOT TRUE? a) the SPED Evaluation Process must be completed every year. b) The SPED Evaluation process must include more than one assessment measure to establish eligibility c) The SPED Evaluation process can only be initiated after obtaining written parent consent d) The SPED Evaluation process identifies the categorical designation that is applicable for students who are determined to be eligible for Special Education Services
The SPED Evaluation process must be completed every year
Which of the following is a recommended intervention method for children with autism? a) The use of visual supports such as a visual schedule b) An open-ended approach to addressing behavior problems. c) Variable routines and unstructured learning environments d) All options listed
The use of visual supports such as a visual schedule
What are annual goals and objectives?
They are statements that describe the specific skills that a child will strive to accomplish as a result of specialized interventions
The recent changing educational practices have resulted in which of the following outcomes for students with Down Syndrome? a) They have resulted in fewer opportunities for participation in extra-curricular activities for students with Down Syndrome b) They have resulted in very little change in the academic skill levels of most students with Down Syndrome c) They have resulted in increased academic skill attainment for many students with Down Syndrome d) They have resulted in an increase in the placement of students with Down Syndrome into resource room settings
They have resulted in increased academic skill attainment for many students with Down Syndrome
What is the least restrictive environment?
a. placed with children who are not disabled to the maximum extent appropriate b. students are removed from regular classroom only when the nature or severity of the disability is such that education in regular classes with the use of supplementary aids and services cannot be achieved satisfactorily c. Education in the regular environment is the default standard and occurs when inclusive specialized services needed by the individual student is brought into the classroom setting d. Requires that a continuum of service options should be available across a variety of placement. LRE decisions require collaboration between a variety of service provides across disciplines, depending on the INDIVIDUAL NEEDS of each learner, including: General Education, Special Education, Nursing or medical support, Speech/Language pathology, Occupational therapy, physical therapy, psychology, orientation and mobility, audiologist/hearing impairment
What does Section 6 also help to address?
academic, functional, behavioral, social, emotional, language
What are accommodations and/or modifications
accommodations are tools and procedures that provide equal access to instruction and assessment for students with disabilities, allow students to pursue a regular course of study without changing the grade level content modifications are adaptations that adjust the level of difficulty of the learning content, used only for students assigned to alternative assessment
What is relational when it comes to family empowerment?
active listening, empathy, respect, and compassion
Instructional strategies must be developmentally appropriate to effectively promote a given child's progress. In order to design instructional activities that are developmentally appropriate, professionals should be capable of: a) determining how long a child can be expected to attend to a task b) matching materials to children's cognitive levels c) giving instructions to match a child's linguistic understanding. d) all of the options listed
all of the options listed
Present levels of Academic and Functional Performance statements within an IEP document need to include which of the following types of information? a) statements regarding the accommodations and instructional strategies that have been effective in promoting the student's progress b) Statements that describe the student's academic, functional, or behavioral strengths and areas of need c) Statements that describe the student's current level of mastery of skills across various academic, functional, and behavioral areas d) all of the options listed
all of the options listed
Which factors influence social development? a) heredity b) interactions with other people c) culture d) all of the options listed
all of the options listed
Which of the following conditions is REQUIRED, in addition to significantly below average intellectual ability, in order to be found eligible for special education services under the category of intellectual disability? a) the presence of an additional disability b) below average motor skills c) the presence of behavioral challenges) d) below average adaptive skills
below average adaptive skills
IFSPs are designed for students ages
birth to three (and in some cases, through age 5).
What is family empowerment?
develop increasing control over one's life and taking action to get what they want
Walter is a 2 year old who has just been diagnosed with autism. If he is in your preschool classroom, what behaviors are you likely to see? a) eats nonfood items, has chronic pain, and is aggressive b) displays unusual repetitive movements, avoids interactions with others, and lacks language c) talks in two-word utterances, plays social games, and is non-ambulatory d) none of the above
displays unusual repetitive movements, avoids interactions with others, and lacks language
Select the term that matches the following definition: "a mathematical disability in which a person has a difficult time solving arithmetic problems and grasping math concepts" a) dysnomia b) dyslexia c) nonverbal learning disabilities d) dyscalculia
dyscalculia
What term is used to describe a language-based learning disability in which a person has difficulties with accurate and/or fluent word recognition and poor decoding and spelling? a) nonverbal disabilities b) auditory and visual processing disorders c) dyslexia d) dysgraphia
dyslexia
What is personalization?
each child's abilities and needs are unique and specific to that individual, dependent on quality of interaction, therapy, and education of caregivers, family, and professionals.
Special services to very young children, specifically from birth through age 2, with disabilities is known as: a) Natural routines b) Procedural safeguards c) service coordinator d) Early intervention
early intervention
A child who is born with Down Syndrome would be automatically be eligible for early intervention, with or without a delay, under the category: a) biological risk b) environmental risk c) established risk d) conditional risk
established risk
milestones
events one person should be reached
When must ETRS be reviewed?
every 3 years
Select the term that matches the following definition: "Daily tasks a child participates in on a regular basis, such as meals, dressing, or playing at the park." a) Procedural safeguards b) Developmental Norms c) Natural Routines d) The correct term is not listed
natural routines
The type of assistance from education professionals that is individualized in a such a way that information provided to parents enables families to make choices, formulate plans, and execute plans to achieve expressed family outcomes is known as: a) participative assistance b) relational assistance c) non-contingent assistance d) none of the options listed
participative assistance
What are special education services?
supports should be designed to allow the student to make progress in the general education curriculum and to participate in extracurricular and nonacademic activities. They promote progress--close the gap, not make tasks so easy that growth doesn't take place
What is parsimony?
one would look for a simple explanation before investigating more complicated possibilities
Which member of the IEP Team must provide written consent before a district begins to provide the special education services listed in a student's Individualized Education Plan? a) parent b) speech pathologist c) special educator d) general classroom teacher
parent
What is collaboration when it comes to family empowerment?
parents as experts on their children and the team member who provide signed consent for the provision of any special education services
What must both goals and objectives be?
observable, measurable, reasonably calculated for one year, and tied to curricular (academic) or developmental standards
To meet compliance regulations, IEP teams for school-age students must meet to review the current IEP document and rewrite a new IEP document within the following time frame: a) one calendar year b) every three years c) every six months
one calendar year
conversational postulates
rules for effective communication such as turn taking, initiating conversation, sustaining an interaction
Which of the following statements reflects an action that IEP members SHOULD NOT TAKE with regards to appropriate provision of IEP accommodations? a) select accommodations that remove the adverse impact of the disability, increase access to instruction, and demonstrate learning. b) get input about accommodations from teachers, parents, and children, and use it to make decisions at IEP for 504 team meetings. c) select accommodations unrelated to documented learning needs or are intended to give children an unfair advantage d) be certain to document instruction and assessment accommodation(s) on the IEP or 504 plans
select accommodations unrelated to documented learning needs or are intended to give children an unfair advantage
Children with developmental delays are those with: a) significant delay in gross motor or language development b) significant subaverage intellectual performance c) significant lag behind norms benchmarks in at least one developmental area d) born at least two months prematurely
significant lag behind norms benchmarks in at least one developmental are
speech acts
speaker purpose for communicating
Which of the federal disability categories currently has the highest percentage of students served under IDEA? a) specific learning disabilities b) autism c) intellectual disability d) emotional disturbance
specific learning disabilities
norms
statistical norms based on standards
Identify the segment that relates to the "conditions" component of the following IEP goal: "Jackson, when given a two paragraph text passage at at the third grade level to read independently, will respond to comprehension questions related to the main idea and supporting details with 90% accuracy for 4 out of 5 trials by the end of the 2018-2019 school year." a) with 90% accuracy for 4 out of 5 trials b) will respond to comprehension questions related to the main idea and supporting details c) by the end of the 2018-2019 school year. d) when given a two paragraph text passage at the end of the third grade level to read independently
when given a two paragraph text passage at the third grade level to read independently
Identify the segment that relates to the "behavior" component of the following IEP objective: "When given a set of printed addition problems with sums to 20, Susan will solve and record the answer to the addition problems with 85% accuracy across three out of four trials by the end of the second quarter of the 2018-2019 school year." a) when given a set of printed addition problems with sums to 20. b) with 85% accuracy across three out of four trials c) by the end of the second quarter of the 2018-2019 school year d) will solve and record the answer to the addition problems
will solve and record the answer to the addition problems
The IDEA principle that no child can be excluded from a free, appropriate, public education regardless of the level or intensity of their disability is called: a) due process b) mainstreaming c) zero reject d) full inclusion
zero reject
