Ems New York State Written Test
What is a condition of insufficient oxygen that can cause chest pain and discomfort? a. Hypercarbia b. Hypocarbia c. Hypoxia d. Ischemia
Correct Answer: d. Ischemia
What AVPU used to assess?
Correct Answer: - Used to assess how alert a patient is
Where is the popliteal region?
Correct Answer: - The are directly behind the knee
When should you suspect that delivery of an infant is imminent?
Correct Answer: - The baby is crowning - Mother feels the urge to move her bowels - Contractions become less than 2 minutes apart
What is anaphylaxis?
Correct Answer: - A extremely severe and life threatening allergic reaction
What is a pathologic fracture?
Correct Answer: - A fracture that occurs in a weakened area of bone secondary to a disease involving the bone
What doe the term contraindication mean?
Correct Answer: - A specific sign, symptom and/or circumstance under which administration of a drug or specific treatment method is NOT advisable
What are platelets?
Correct Answer: - A component of blood that is primarily instrumental in the formation of blood clots
What is supine hypotensive syndrome?
Correct Answer: - A condition that occurs when the fetus compresses on the mother vena cava while the mother is lying supine, the compression of the vena cava reduces blood return to the heart causing low BP
What is meconium?
Correct Answer: - A discoloration in the amniotic fluid caused by the infants first bowl movement while in the uterus - Indicates fetal distress
What is the epiglottis?
Correct Answer: - A leaf shaped structure that closes to prevent food and other foreign objects from entering the trachea
What supine position?
Correct Answer: - A patient is laying flat on his or her back
What is prone position?
Correct Answer: - A patient is lying on his or her stomach
What is Fowler's position?
Correct Answer: - A patient is sitting upright
What is the Trendelenburg position?
Correct Answer: - A patient lying with their head slightly lower than their feet
What is a medical director?
Correct Answer: - A person who assumes ultimate responsibility for the oversight of patient care
What are standing orders?
Correct Answer: - A policy or protocol issued by a medical director that authorizes EMT's and others to perform certain skills
What is an ectopic pregnancy?
Correct Answer: - A pregnancy that occurs outside of the uterus
What is abruption placenta?
Correct Answer: - A premature separation of the placenta from the walls of the uterus
What would be the pulse rate or a patient who is tachycardic?
Correct Answer: - A pulse greater than 100 BPM
What is a low angle rescue?
Correct Answer: - A rope rescue that involves terrain that is less than 40 degree angle
When does a patient have the right to refuse medical care?
Correct Answer: - A+O X4 - Of legal age ( legally adult) - Sound mindset - Understand all the risks of RMA-ing
What does AVPU stand for?
Correct Answer: - A: Alert - V: reacts to verbal stimuli - P: reacts to painful stimuli - U: Unresponsive
The pressure of the gas in a full oxygen cylinder is approximately _______psi a. 2,000 b. 1,700 c. 1,500 d. 2,500
Correct Answer: a. 2,000
Stranger anxiety usually develops when the patient is a: a. Toddler b. Infant c. Preschooler d. Adolescent
Correct Answer: a. Toddler
The chemical that is inside the alveoli and helps keep the alveoli open is called a. Synovial fluid b. Surfactant c. Carbon Dioxide d.Vitreous
Correct Answer: b. Surfactant
Which of the following is true regarding the Sellick's maneuver? a. The Sellick's maneuver should be used to keep the gastric contents from entering the trachea in a patient who is actively vomiting b. The Sellick's maneuver is used to prevent gastric distention c. Effective ventilation can occur when one rescuer ventilates using a BVM with one hand and applies cricoid pressure with the other hand d. The Sellicks maneuver is performed by placing the thumb and index finger on either side of the cricoid cartilage at the superior the other hand
Correct Answer: b. The Sellick's maneuver is used to prevent gastric distention
Which of the following is true regarding intercostals muscles of children? a. They are used frequently in normal breathing b. The muscles are immature, causing fatigue rather quickly c. They are rarely used in respiratory distress d. None of the above
Correct Answer: b. The muscles are immature, causing fatigue rather quickly
A significant finding in head trauma that indicated a skull fracture is: a. Bruising of the sphenoid bone b. The presence of cerebrospinal fluid c. Altered LOC d. A full thickness laceration with bone exposure
Correct Answer: b. The presence of cerebrospinal fluid
Which of the following is true regarding laryngeal mask airways? a. They can be used in morbidly obese patients b. They are single lumen, blind insertion airway device c. They are classified as a high pressure airway device d. They decrease the risk of aspiration in patients who have a full stomach
Correct Answer: b. They are single lumen, blind insertion airway device
What structure is also called the Adam's apple? a. Hyoid bone b. Thyroid cartilage c. Cricoid cartilage d. Larynx
Correct Answer: b. Thyroid cartilage
Why is an occlusive dressing applied to a sucking chest wound? a. To control bleeding b. To seal the wound and preventing air from going into the chest cavity c. To prevent infection d. None of the above
Correct Answer: b. To seal the wound and preventing air from going into the chest cavity
A patient in a postictal state is one who has: a. Stopped breathing but not died yet b. Demonstrated the early signs of shock c. Had a seizure and is now unresponsive d. Just give birth but not yet delivered the placenta
Correct Answer: c. Had a seizure and is now unresponsive
What is the definition of a premature infant?
Correct Answer: - A baby born before 36 weeks gestation or a baby weighing less than 5.5 pounds
What is a thrombus?
Correct Answer: - A blood clot
What is a thrombosis?
Correct Answer: - A blood clot in the arterial or venous systems
What is a pulmonary embolism?
Correct Answer: - A blood clot in the lungs that is obstructing blood flow to the lungs
What is an embolus?
Correct Answer: - A blood clot or other substance in the circulatory system that travels to a blood vessel and causes a blockage
What is a contusion?
Correct Answer: - A bruise from an injury ( bleeding under the skin without breaking the skin)
What is pulmonary edema?
Correct Answer: - A build up of fluid in the lungs ( usually a result of CHF)
What is a pnuemothorax?
Correct Answer: - A collection of air in the pleural cavity (causes a restriction in lung expansion and breathing)
Angina is often triggered by: a. Decreased oxygen demand b. Damage to the cardiac muscle c. Exertion d. Complete blockage of a blood vessel
Correct Answer: c. Exertion
One of the greatest risks that medical personnel can face when dealing with a traumatic injury patient is: a. Downed power lines b. Unstable vehicles c. Exposure to blood d. Fluid leaks from vehicles
Correct Answer: c. Exposure to blood
Who regulates all radio operations in the United States? a. OSHA b. AHEC c. FCC d. FAA
Correct Answer: c. FCC
What is a hemothorax?
Correct Answer: - A collection of blood in the pleural cavity (causes a restriction in lung expansion and breathing)
What is a hematoma?
Correct Answer: - A collection of blood under the skin at an injury site
What is hypothermia?
Correct Answer: - A condition in which the body temperature drops below that required for normal bodily functions
What is placenta previa?
Correct Answer: - A condition in which the placenta develops over and covers the cervix
What type of medication is often taken by a patient who has a history of congestive heart failure?
Correct Answer: - Diuretics
What is the dose contained in an adult epinephrine auto injector?
Correct Answer: - Dose is .3 mg
What is diplopia?
Correct Answer: - Double vision
What is the minimum training level for ambulance personnel?
Correct Answer: - EMT - basic
According to the rule of nines, how much does a child's upper arm account for?
Correct Answer: - Each arm is 9%
According to the rule of nines, how much does the adults upper arm account for?
Correct Answer: - Each arm is 9%
According to the rule of nines, How much does an adults leg account for?
Correct Answer: - Each leg is 18%
If the signs and symptoms of a tension pneumothorax occur after you have sealed the open chest wound, what should you do?
Correct Answer: - Ensure that 3- sided dressing is in place to assist with relieving the pressure - Can lift up one side of the dressing to allow for air to release (" burping the dressing" )
What are the three layers of the skin?
Correct Answer: - Epidermis, Dermis, Subcutaneous
What does the GCS assess?
Correct Answer: - Eye opening (scored 1-4) - Motor response (scored 1-6) - Verbal response ( scored 1-5) (overall brain function) (higher the score the better the patient's status)
What are the three items of assessment used in the Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale?
Correct Answer: - Face droop - Arm drift - Speech difficulties (slurred speech)
True or false: The safety of your patient and bystanders is your primary responsibility?
Correct Answer: - False -- Your primary responsibility is the safety of yourself and other first responders
What does FCC stand for?
Correct Answer: - Federal Communications Commissions
What is the most common cause of seizures in pediatric patients?
Correct Answer: - Fever ( very high and very sudden onset)
What doe the acronym OPQRST stand for?
Correct Answer: - O: Onset - P: Provocation - Q: Quality - R: Radiating/ region - S: Severity - T: Time
Your patient has suffered a penetrating wound to his chest wall, what is another term for this wound?
Correct Answer: - Open pneumothorax
What does the acronym PERRL stand for?
Correct Answer: - P: Pupils - E: Equal - R: Round - R: Reactive - L: (to) Light
Which organ produces insulin?
Correct Answer: - Pancreas
What does the P in SAMPLE stand for?
Correct Answer: - Past medical history
What doe PAT stand for?
Correct Answer: - Pediatric Assessment Triangle
You have delivered one shock to your patient who is in cardiac arrest. What is the next action you should take?
Correct Answer: - Perform 2 minutes of CPR
On a conscious pregnant female with a foreign body obstruction, where should you place your hands to provide thrusts to expel the object?
Correct Answer: - Place both hands in the center of the chest and compress inward ---- do NOT compress the abdomen
If able to do so what position should you place a patient with an evisceration?
Correct Answer: - Place them in a supine position with their knees bent to reduce pressure on the abdomen
What does the term golden hour refer to?
Correct Answer: - The ideal maximum time from the time of injury to the time corrective surgery takes place --- 1 hour
What is aspiration?
Correct Answer: - The introduction of vomitus or other foreign material into the lungs
What is synovial fluid?
Correct Answer: - The liquid within the joint that helps to lubricate the joint
What is another name for the bicuspid valve?
Correct Answer: - The mitral valve
What is the occiput?
Correct Answer: - The most posterior part of the cranium ( back of the skull)
What is the normal systolic blood pressure for a 2- year old? a. 80 -100 b. 70- 95 c. 50-70 d. 90- 110
Correct Answer: a. 80-100
What does M in SAMPLE stand for?
Correct Answer: - Medications
What are the blood vessels that carry blood to the heart?
Correct Answer: - Veins
What does Beck's triad indicate?
Correct Answer: - Cardiac Tamponade
The umbilical cord contains ___________ blood vessels a. 2 b. 3 c. 1 d. 4
Correct Answer: b. 3
What is the normal pulse range for a toddler (1-5 years old)?
Correct Answer: - 80 to 130 beats per minute
According to the rule of nines how much does an adults head and neck account for?
Correct Answer: - 9%
What is the normal body temperature?
Correct Answer: - 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit
What is an epistaxis?
Correct Answer: - Nosebleed
What happens in the heart during diastole?
Correct Answer: - Ventricles relax and fill with blood
Albuterol is a generic name for: a. Alupent. b. Atrovent. c. Ventolin d. Singulair.
Correct Answer: c. Ventolin
What is the safe residual pressure for a portable cylinder?
Correct Answer: - 200 psi ( the lowest a bottle should be allowed to get to)
When a portable oxygen cylinder is filled how many PSI are inside of it?
Correct Answer: - 2000 psi
What percentage of oxygen does the atmosphere contain?
Correct Answer: - 21% oxygen
How many vertebrae are in the lumbar spine?
Correct Answer: - 5 vertebrae
How many vertebrae are in the sacral spine?
Correct Answer: - 5 vertebrae (fused)
What is the normal pulse rate (while at rest) for adults?
Correct Answer: - 60 to 100 BPM
How many vertebrae are in the cervical spine?
Correct Answer: - 7 vertebrae
How much air should be delivered to patient when using an adult BVM?
Correct Answer: - 800 ml of air
What would be the possible cause for hearing the respiratory sound "snoring"?
Correct Answer: - A blocked airway
Why should you closely monitor glucose level after a diabetic patient has a seizure?
Correct Answer - Because glucose levels may drop significantly due to excessive muscular contractions during the seizure
Before treatment can be rendered to a patient you must first: a. Contact medical control b. Obtain consent c. Consult with your partner d. Review protocols
Correct Answer b. Obtain consent
How many vertebrae are in the thoracic spine?
Correct Answer: - 12 vertebrae
At what height would a fall be considered a severe fall?
Correct Answer: - 15 feet or 3x the height of the patient
What is the longest time you can suction a patient for?
Correct Answer: - 15 seconds
What is diabetic ketoacidosis?
Correct Answer: - Abnormally high levels of acids in the blood stream resulting from prolonged hyperglycemia -- (too much sugar... not enough insulin)
What is another name for Epinephrine?
Correct Answer: - Adrenaline
What does the A in SAMPLE stand for?
Correct Answer: - Allergies
What is a designate agent?
Correct Answer: - An EMT or other person who is authorized by the medical director to give medications or perform emergency care
What is perfusion?
Correct Answer: - An adequate supply of oxygen and nutrients to the organs and tissues of the body (with the removal of waste products)
What is a strain?
Correct Answer: - An injury that involves a pulled and/or torn muscle
What is the anatomical term for the front of the body?
Correct Answer: - Anterior
What are some conditions that can mimic the signs and symptoms of a heart attack?
Correct Answer: - Anxiety attack - Angina - Pericarditis - Pulmonary embolism
What does APGAR stand for?
Correct Answer: - Appearance - Pulse - Grimace - Activity - Respirations
What is distress?
Correct Answer: - Bad stress ( overwhelming)
Why should you where gloves when administering nitroglycerin?
Correct Answer: - Because nitroglycerin is a vasodilator that can be absorbed through the skin and enter the blood stream causing you to have unwanted symptoms/ side effects such as fainting.
Why are head injuries more common in children?
Correct Answer: - Because of the size of their head in relation to their bodies
Why should you not use your thumb when assessing a patients pulse?
Correct Answer: - Because your thumb has its own pulse and may cause you to measure your own pulse instead of the pt's pulse
Where is the pulmonary valve located?
Correct Answer: - Between right ventricle and pulmonary artery
What are the three elements of the Pediatric Assessment Triangle?
Correct Answer: - Breathing - Circulation to skin - Appearance
In dark skinned patient how would you be able to see if the patient is pale?
Correct Answer: - By checking the oral mucosa (inner lip) - By checking their nail beds
How is Sellicks Maneuver preformed?
Correct Answer: - By compressing just below the cricoid cartilage and placing the thumb/ forefinger on each side of the cricoid cartilage
How would you recognize labored breathing in a pediatric patient?
Correct Answer: - By intercostal muscle retractions, nasal flaring, gasping and grunting
What would be the possible cause for hearing the respiratory sound "wheezing"?
Correct Answer: - Caused by a medical condition/problem (ex: asthma)
What are the 5 divisions of the spine?
Correct Answer: - Cervical - Thoracic - Lumbar - Sacral - Coccyx
What is unstable angina?
Correct Answer: - Chest pain of coronary origin that is produced by fewer stimuli and is NOT relieved or reduced by nitroglycerin
What is the best method to ensure adequate ventilation of a patient when using a BVM?
Correct Answer: - Chest rise and fall
A compressed gas cylinder that is color- coded yellow contains what type of gas?
Correct Answer: - Contains medical grade air
Your patient presents with skin that appears blue/ gray. This condition is called?
Correct Answer: - Cyanosis ( indicator for hypoxia)
What are battle signs?
Correct Answer: - Dark bruising of mastoid area; can indicate a basilar skull fracture
What are the stages of grief?
Correct Answer: - Denial - Anger - Bargaining - Depression - Acceptance
What are the five stages of the grieving process?
Correct Answer: - Denial - Anger/ hostility - Bargaining - Depression - Acceptance
What is the anatomical term used to describe a position/ location farther away from the torso?
Correct Answer: - Distal
How is eclampsia different from pre-eclampsia?
Correct Answer: - Eclamptic mothers will be actively seizing - Pre- eclamptic mothers will only have the symptoms of eclampsia... without seizing
What are the types of suction units that you may need to know how to use?
Correct Answer: - Electric - Manually operated - Oxygen powered
What does E in SAMPLE stand for?
Correct Answer: - Events leading up to the incident
How often should oxygen cylinders with a star after the date be hydrostatically tested?
Correct Answer: - Every 10 years
How often should an oxygen cylinder be hydrostatically tested?
Correct Answer: - Every 5 years
What would be the possible cause for hearing the respiratory sound "gurgling "?
Correct Answer: - Fluid in the airway
What does the term proper body mechanics refer to?
Correct Answer: - Good lifting posture and positioning
What is eustress?
Correct Answer: - Good/ Healthy stress (fulfilling)
Which technique is used to provide the maximum opening of a patients airway?
Correct Answer: - Head - tilt- chin - lift
What does the acronym HIV stand for?
Correct Answer: - Human Immunodeficiency Virus
What is a key function of white blood cells?
Correct Answer: - The destruction of germs and production of antibodies
How does hypoxic drive work?
Correct Answer: - Hypoxic drive stimulates breathing when the body can't rely on its CO2 receptors --> when CO2 receptor fail the O2 receptors in the brain, walls of the aorta and carotid arteries will sense low O2 levels and stimulate breathing
How will you know if the application of the PASG has worked?
Correct Answer: - If the pt's BP increases
What is the definition of shock?
Correct Answer: - Inadequate tissue perfusion
What are the signs of physiological stress?
Correct Answer: - Increased pulse - Increased B/P - Increased respirations - Sweating - Dilated pupils - Tense muscles - Increased blood glucose - Dilated blood vessels
What are the ways that poisons or medications can enter the body?
Correct Answer: - Ingestion - Injection - Inhalation - Absorption
What are contraindications for using a traction splint?
Correct Answer: - Injuries occurring close to/ involving the knee - Additional fractures affecting the limb - Injuries to the pelvis - Partial amputation - Avulsions with bone separation
What is another device that can be used to immobilize a pediatric patient other than the long spine board?
Correct Answer: - KED - Short spine board
What does L in SAMPLE stand for?
Correct Answer: - Last oral intake
What is patient abandonment?
Correct Answer: - Leaving a patient after care has been initiated and before proper transfer to someone with equal or greater medical training
During the initial assessment how do you determine the signs of adequate breathing?
Correct Answer: - Look, listen and feel
What is the name of the bone of the lower jaw?
Correct Answer: - Mandible
Which technique is used to open the airway of a patient with a head, neck, or spinal injury?
Correct Answer: - Manual jaw thrust
Besides urinary output how else would you determine that your infant patient may be dehydrated?
Correct Answer: - May have flat or sunken in fontanels - Dry oral mucosa - Not producing tears
What doe the term "retroperitoneal" mean?
Correct Answer: - Means lying directly behind the abdominal cavity
What is the best method to size an OPA?
Correct Answer: - Measure from corner of the mouth the the ear lobe or angle of the jaw
What are voluntary muscles?
Correct Answer: - Muscles that you can control / muscles that you have to think to move ( ex: biceps)
What are characteristics of an increased work of breathing in pediatric patients?
Correct Answer: - Nasal flaring - Abnormal positioning - Abnormal airway sounds - Accessory muscle use - Head bobbing
What percentage of O2 will a BVM with a reservoir deliver?
Correct Answer: - Nearly 100% O2
When oral suctioning, how far should the tip of catheter be placed?
Correct Answer: - Only as far as you can see
What would be an appropriate intervention if your patient presented with the respiratory sound "Snoring"?
Correct Answer: - Opening the airway and clearing the airway
What are pathogens?
Correct Answer: - Organisms that cause infection such as viruses and bacteria
What would be the typical skin condition of a patient in shock?
Correct Answer: - Pale, cool and diaphoretic
What is the bone that sits anterior to the knee joint?
Correct Answer: - Patella
What are all the components of blood?
Correct Answer: - Platelets - Hemoglobin (red blood cells) - Leukocytes ( white blood cells) - Plasma
What is the anatomical term for the rear of the body?
Correct Answer: - Posterior
What are the three main functions of the skin?
Correct Answer: - Protect - Insulate/ Regulate temperature - Transmit sensory info from environment to the brain
What is anatomical term used to describe a position/ location closer to the torso?
Correct Answer: - Proximal
What does PPD stand for?
Correct Answer: - Purified protein derivative ( tests for TB)
When assessing the abdomen of a patient who has a traumatic injury, beside DCAP- BTLS, what are you looking for?
Correct Answer: - Rebounding - Guarding - Tenderness - Distention - Rigidity
What are the three "R's" for reacting to a dangerous situation?
Correct Answer: - Retreat - Radio - Re- evaluate
What does S in SAMPLE stand for?
Correct Answer: - Signs and symptoms
What does SAMPLE stand for?
Correct Answer: - Signs and symptoms - Allergies - Medications - Past medical history - Last oral intake - Events lead to the incident
What do Battle signs indicateb
Correct Answer: - Skull fracture (specifically basilar skull fracture)
What are aveoli?
Correct Answer: - Small sacs within the lungs where gas exchange takes place with the blood stream
What is the Ryan White Care Act?
Correct Answer: - The US Congress act that establishes procedures by which emergency response workers may find out if they have been exposed to life- threatening infectious diseases
What is the span of control in an incident command system? and what is the ratio?
Correct Answer: - The amount of people/elements that can be managed by another person - The ratio is 1:5
What is the midline?
Correct Answer: - The anatomical term for an imaginary line drawn down the center of the body passing between the eyes and past the umbilicus
What is the autonomic nervous system?
Correct Answer: - The division of the nervous system that controls involuntary motor function and affects such thing as digestion and heart rate
What is personal protective equipment (PPE)?
Correct Answer: - The equipment used to protect you from all possible routes of contamination
What is crepitus?
Correct Answer: - The grating sound of bone on bone movement - normally indicates a fracture
Why is suction an immediate priority when there is the presence of meconium?
Correct Answer: - The infant can aspirate the meconium.... Aspiration of the meconium can cause serious damage to the new borns lungs and even result in death
What is peristalsis?
Correct Answer: - The involuntary constriction and relaxation of the muscles of the intestine or another canal, creating wavelike movements that push the contents of the canal forward.
What is expressed consent?
Correct Answer: - The patient is directly giving you permission to perform a medical procedure on them/ treat them
What is blood pressure?
Correct Answer: - The pressure that is exerted on the walls of an artery
What is body substance isolation?
Correct Answer: - The process and procedures designed to protect you from infection
What is respiratory failure?
Correct Answer: - The reduction of breathing to the point where oxygenation is not sufficient to support life
What are the signs and symptoms of a severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis)?
Correct Answer: - Tightness in chest - Severe wheezing - Labored breaths - Hypotension - Strenuous respirations - Altered level of consciousness - Increased heart rate
What is the purpose of a liter flow device on an oxygen tank?
Correct Answer: - To increase the amount of O2 being delivered to the pt
What is the purpose of HIPAA?
Correct Answer: - To protect pt's information and maintain the pt's confidentiality
A patient has a productive cough. What potentially fatal lung disease should an EMT be concerned about with respect to personal safety and safety of their crew?
Correct Answer: - Tuberculosis
What does a PPD test, test for?
Correct Answer: - Tuberculosis
When is it appropriate to use a Reeves stretcher?
Correct Answer: - Used for supine lying pt's that need to be carried through tight spaces or down stairs
What are the 2 methods for performing chest compressions on an infant?
Correct Answer: - Using 2 fingers to compress the chest - Using both hand to encircle/ wrap around the infants thoracic region and using both thumbs to compress the chest
What are the three collisions that occur in a MVC?
Correct Answer: - Vehicle hits object - Body hits the interior of the car - Organs strike in internal body structures (brain hits skull)
What is respiratory arrest?
Correct Answer: - When breathing completely stops
You have been dispatched to the scene of a possible shooting. When is it ok to leave the staging area and enter the scene?
Correct Answer: - When the scene has been deemed safe and law enforcement has requested you to enter the scene
What is retrograde amnesia?
Correct Answer: - When you can not remember the events just prior to a traumatic injury
What is the name of the bone found at the base of the sternum?
Correct Answer: - Xiphoid process
What is implied consent?
Correct Answer: - You assuming consent to treat based on the guidelines (ex: minor, unconscious, altered mental status..etc.)
Where would you check/ assess a pulse on a patient that is under the age of 1?
Correct Answer: - at Brachial artery/ take a brachial pulse
To be effective how much air intake should a suction unit be able to maintain?
Correct Answer: - at least 300 mm Hg
Where can metatarsals be found?
Correct Answer: - the foot
How many lobes does the left lung have?
Correct Answer: 2 lobes
What does KED stand for?
Correct Answer: Kendrick Extrication Device
Which lung has three lobes?
Correct Answer: Right lung
When on the scene with a family member of a patient who has died, what should you say? a. " I am so sorry" b. "I know how you feel" c." This to shall pass" d." God has a plan for all of us"
Correct Answer: a. " I am so sorry"
In order to assist in the administration of nitroglycerine to a patient, his or her systolic blood pressure should be above: a. 100 mmHg b. 90 mmHg c. 110mmHg d. 120mmHg
Correct Answer: a. 100 mmHg
Stable patients should be reevaluated at minimum every..... a. 15 minutes b. 5 minutes c. 10 minutes d. None of the above
Correct Answer: a. 15 minutes
You are first on the scene of a patient who is unconscious and not breathing. The only equipment you have on your person is your pocket mask. You provide artificial ventilation with the pocket mask. What concentration of oxygen is the patient receiving with each breath? a. 16% b. 21% c. 3% d. 79%
Correct Answer: a. 16%
Using the rule of nines, the posterior trunk accounts for what percentage of the body surface are on an adult? a. 18 b. 9 c. 36 d. 14
Correct Answer: a. 18
Select the correct order of treatment for the traumatic injury patient. 1. Control significant bleeding 2. BSI ( body substance isolation) 3. Airway and breathing 4. Transport decision a. 2, 3, 1, 4 b. 2, 1, 3, 4 c. 2, 3, 4, 1 d. 4, 2, 3, 1
Correct Answer: a. 2, 3, 1, 4
When a baby is born it can take up to ______________ for him or her to begin to breathe on his or her own a. 30 seconds b. 1 minute c. 2 minutes d. 3 minutes
Correct Answer: a. 30 seconds
A proper-sized BVM for neonatal resuscitation would have a _____ mL reservoir. a. 450 b. 550 c. 250 d. 600
Correct Answer: a. 450
After the administration of nitroglycerine, blood pressure should be taken within ________ minutes after each dose. a. 5 b. 10 c. 15 d. 2
Correct Answer: a. 5
A geriatric patient is considere to be a patient who is_______________ or older a. 65 b.75 c. 55 d. 60
Correct Answer: a. 65
There are _____________ cranial nerves a. 7 b. 12 c. 9 d. 10
Correct Answer: a. 7
Which of the following is more emergent? a. A child who is not crying and has poor muscle tone and pale skin b. A screaming child with a laceration to the back of the head c. A child with a humeral fracture and bruising to the face d. A whimpering child who is afraid of you
Correct Answer: a. A child who is not crying and has poor muscle tone and pale skin
An indication for the insertion of a nasopharyngeal airway would be: a. A patient who will not tolerate an oropharygenal airway b. Severe head injury with blood draining from nose c. A deviated septum d. Basilar skull fracture
Correct Answer: a. A patient who will not tolerate an oropharygenal airway
When caring for a patient with documented hypoglycemia, you should be MOST alert for: a. A seizure b. An acute stroke c. Respiratory distress d.A febrile convulsion
Correct Answer: a. A seizure
The electrical impulse is held in the ________ for a fraction of a second to allow for the filling of the ventricles a. AV node b. SA node c. Purkinje fibers d. Bundle of His
Correct Answer: a. AV node
Which of the following is NOT part of the Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale? a. Ability to swallow b. Facial droop c. Arm drift d. Abnormal Speech
Correct Answer: a. Ability to swallow
Your patient is a 20 year old male who has been in a motorcycle accident. Because of clues from the mechanism of injury on the scene, spinal and head injuries are suspected. After your initial assessment, how often should you reassess vital signs? a. After every intervention b. Every 15 minutes c. Continuously during transport d. Every 30 seconds
Correct Answer: a. After every intervention
What is the name of the safety system for large, compressed gas cylinders, such as those with medical oxygen? a. American standard safety system b. Pin index safety system c. Oxygen safety system d. Compressed gas safety system
Correct Answer: a. American standard safety system
The fetus develops inside a membrane called the: a. Amniotic sac b. Placenta c. Uterine wall d. Fallopian tube
Correct Answer: a. Amniotic sac
A carcinogenic effect is: a. An increase in the risk of an individual developing cancer b. An increase in the risk of developing an embryo having physical effects c. A permeant change in the individuals DNA d. None of the above
Correct Answer: a. An increase in the risk of an individual developing cancer
You should select the correct size oropharyngeal airway for a child by measuring from the a. Angle of the jaw to the corner of the mouth. b. Central incisor to the angle of the jaw. c. Central incisor to the tragus of the ear. d. Corner of the mouth to the cricoid cartilage.
Correct Answer: a. Angle of the jaw to the corner of the mouth.
The topographic anatomical term for the front side of the body is: a. Anterior b. Dorsal c. Inferior d. Medial
Correct Answer: a. Anterior
You are assessing a hypertensive patient with epistaxis. After scene safety and BSI precautions have been taken, you should first: a. Apply direct pressure, squeezing both nostrils b. Lay the patient flat c. Apply supplemental oxygen d. Attempt to calm and reassure the patient
Correct Answer: a. Apply direct pressure, squeezing both nostrils
Arteries become smaller and smaller until the develop into: a. Arterioles b. Capillaries c. Venules d. Alveoli
Correct Answer: a. Arterioles
When caring for a rape victim, it is important to discourage the patient from: a. Bathing or douching b. Reporting the crime c. Talking about feelings d. Naming the assailant
Correct Answer: a. Bathing or douching
You respond to a patient who has a behavioral emergency. The patient states that he hears voices talking to him and the voices are telling him to kill. You should: a. Believe him and be alert to possible violence b. Try to talk sense into him c. Tell him that the voices are not real d. Restrain him until law enforcement arrives for assistance
Correct Answer: a. Believe him and be alert to possible violence
You are treating a patient with severe arterial bleeding to the right forearm, which has not slowed with direct pressure and elevation. After applying pressure dressing, at what pressure point would you apply pressure? a. Brachial artery b. Radial artery c. Carotid artery d. Subclavian artery
Correct Answer: a. Brachial artery
The heel bone is also called the: a. Calcaneus b. Malleolus c. Carpal d. Patella
Correct Answer: a. Calcaneus
If you see the potential for a possible encounter during a scene size up, you should: a. Call for additional resources b. Find something to use as a weapon c. Enter the scene carefully d. Lock the ambulance
Correct Answer: a. Call for additional resources
Your patient has fallen off a bike and has abrasions to his right knee. Which type of bleeding corresponds to this injury? a. Capillary b. Venous c. Arterial d. Internal
Correct Answer: a. Capillary
When treating a patient who has suffered an electrical burn, you should be alert for the possibility of: a. Cardiac Arrest b. Internal bleeding c. Heat shock d. Allergic reaction
Correct Answer: a. Cardiac arrest
Your patient is a 25 year old male who has had two seizures within the last hour. He shows no signs of drug or alcohol. He now states that he feels fine and refuses both transport and further treatment. You should: a. Carefully document every attempt you make to provide care b. Obtain an order for tranquilizers from the medical direction physician c. Call for police back up to help restrain the patient d. Leave the patient immediately to avoid being sued for battery
Correct Answer: a. Carefully document every attempt you make to provide care
What part of the spinal cord innervates the diaphragm? a. Cervical spine b. Thoracic spine c. Lumbar spine d. all of the spine innervates the diaphragm
Correct Answer: a. Cervical spine
A 65 year old female is complaining of chest pressure, difficulty breathing and is pale. she presents supine in bed. What should you do before sitting her up? a. Check her blood pressure to make sure it is adequate b. Do nothing sit her up right away c. Help the patient administer her own nitroglycerine tablets d. Check her pupils and make sure that they are reactive
Correct Answer: a. Check her blood pressure to make sure it is adequate
A fracture in which the bone is broken into more than 2 fragments is a(n) a. Comminuted fracture b. Greenstick fracture c. Pathological fracture d. Epiphyscial fracture
Correct Answer: a. Comminuted fracture
Bleeding caused by a wound to one large artery or vein can usually be controlled by: a. Concentrated direct pressure b. diffuse direct pressure c. Pressure points d. Extremity elevations
Correct Answer: a. Concentrated direct pressure
A normal pupil reaction to shining a bright light into an eye would be the ________________ of the pupil a. Constriction b. Dilation c. Unequal reaction d. Unresponsiveness
Correct Answer: a. Constriction
What would be the appropriate treatment of a partial thickness burn to the back with an 18% body surface area? a. Cover the burned area with a dry sterile dressing b. Cover the area with a moistened, sterile dressing c. Apply antibiotic ointment and cover with a dry sterile dressing d. Use a needle to decompress the fluid filled blisters and apply a moistened sterile dressing
Correct Answer: a. Cover the burned area with a dry sterile dressing
Which of the following is NOT a sign of respiratory distress in children? a. Crying b. Head bobbing c. Retractions d. Grunting
Correct Answer: a. Crying
You are responding to a patient who has overdosed on sedatives. You would expect his respirations to be: a. Decreased and shallow b. Decreased and deep c. Increased and shallow d. Increased and deep
Correct Answer: a. Decreased and shallow
You have responded to a patient who has had a sudden onset of unconsciousness and unresponsiveness. His family states that he has an Automated Implantable Defibrillator (AICD). He has no pulse and is in V-fib. You should: a. Defibrillate this patient at the normal voltage b. Decrease the voltage and administer a shock c. not defibrillate, a patient with an internal defibrillator d. Start CPR, but withhold defibrillation
Correct Answer: a. Defibrillate this patient at the normal voltage
The elbow is ________________ to the shoulder. a. Distal b. Proximal c. Medial d. Lateral
Correct Answer: a. Distal
The knee is _______________ to the hip a. Distal b. Proximal c. Posterior d. Anterior
Correct Answer: a. Distal
Injuries to the spine that cause the individual vertebrae to pull apart and separate from one another is called a. Distraction injuries b. Compression injuries c. Extension injuries d. Displaced injuries
Correct Answer: a. Distraction injuries
The Sellicks maneuver is performed by applying ______________ pressure on the cricoid cartilage a. Downward b. Upward c. Backward d. Frontward
Correct Answer: a. Downward
While obtaining a 12 lead ECG prior to ALS arrival, you note the presence of artifacts on the tracing. Which of the following is the MOST likely cause of this? a. Excessive movement of the patient b. Abnormal cardiac electrical activity c. Incorrect placements of the leads d. The patient's pulse is irregular
Correct Answer: a. Excessive movement of the patient
A DOT hazard class 1 indicates: a. Explosives b. Combustible liquids c. Gases d. Infections substances
Correct Answer: a. Explosives
The strongest bone in the body is the: a. Femur b. Skull c. Pelvis d. Hummerus
Correct Answer: a. Femur
After the head emerges when delivering a baby you should: a. Guide the head downwards as the upper shoulders appear b. Suction the nostrils c. Suction the mouth d. Feel at the neck to see if the umbilical cord is wrapped around it
Correct Answer: a. Guide the head downwards as the upper shoulders appear
The orange section of the Emergency Response Guidebook: a. Has all the safety recommendations b. List hazardous materials in alphabetical order based on their name c. Provide information on a safe distances d. List hazardous materials, based on a specific identification number
Correct Answer: a. Has all the safety recommendations
What does HIPAA stand for? a. Health insurance portability and accountability act b. Health information portability and accountability act c. Health Information provability and accountability act d. None of the above
Correct Answer: a. Health insurance portability and accountability act
Which of the following is an indication that the artificial ventilation is inadequate? a. Heart rate does not return to normal range b. There is adequate chest rise and fall c. The heart rate returns to normal range d. The ventilations are administered at a proper rate for the patient's age
Correct Answer: a. Heart rate does not return to normal range
Which of the following in NOT a safety feature of high-pressure oxygen cylinders? a. High pressure port b. Color coding c. PIN indexing system d. Pressure relief valve
Correct Answer: a. High pressure port
The gland that is responsible for metabolism regulation is the: a. Thyroid b. Pituitary c. Pancreas d. Adrenal
Correct Answer: a. Thyroid
You are assessing a minor who has fallen off her bike and has obvious deformity to her upper extremity. She needs to be evaluated at the hospital, but her parents are not available. You are able to treat and transport this patient under: a. Implied consent b. Informed consent c. The Good Samaritan law d. Expressed consent
Correct Answer: a. Implied consent
In an infant, what may bulging fontanels indicate? a. Increased intracranial pressure b. Increased blood pressure c. Dehydration d. Abuse
Correct Answer: a. Increased intracranial pressure
Approximately 80% of all poisonings are by: a. Ingestion b. Inhalation c. Surface contact d. Injection
Correct Answer: a. Ingestion
Presence of meconium a. Is a risk factor for fetal distress b. Is a normal finding c. Is only emergent if the baby is in respiratory distress d. Occurs in 80% of births
Correct Answer: a. Is a risk factor for fetal distress
Which of the following statements is true? a. It is easier to provide ventilations when using a BVM or the mouth - to - mask technique when dentures are left in place b. Dentures should be removed when providing ventilations c. Tight fitting dentures make it more difficult to obtain a proper face to mask seal d. Dentures will cause an inadequate tidal volume to be administered when ventilating a patient
Correct Answer: a. It is easier to provide ventilations when using a BVM or the mouth - to - mask technique when dentures are left in place
You are assessing a patient who was struck by a car. He has pain and swelling over his upper right quadrant and appears to be developing shock symptoms. You suspect: a. Lacerated liver b. Splenetic rupture c. Injuries to the right kidney d. Traumatic injury to the large bowel
Correct Answer: a. Lacerated liver
To check for a carotid pulse, place your fingers ______ to the larynx a. Lateral b. Superiorly c. Distal d. Proximal
Correct Answer: a. Lateral
You respond to a dispatch of an unknown medical event. As you arrive on scene an elderly gentleman greets you at the door and motions you to step inside. you are directed to the rear of the house, where an elderly woman presents to you sitting on the bed. she appears to be in severe respiratory distress..... Which of the following signs would you assess for first? a. lung sounds b. Abdominal tenderness c. Presence of a pedal pulse d. Swelling in her fingers
Correct Answer: a. Lung sounds
Your patient has a fractured lower jaw bone this bone is known as the: a. Mandible b. Maxilla c. occiput d. zygoma
Correct Answer: a. Mandible
To assist in the delivery of the placenta: a. Massage the mother's abdomen in a circular motion b. Gently pull on the umbilical cord c. Tell the mother to push continuously after birth d. Do not worry about the delivery of the placenta
Correct Answer: a. Massage the mother's abdomen in a circular motion
What is the medical term for the passage of dark tarry stools that is indicative of lower gastrointestinal bleeding? a. Melena b. Hematochezia c. Epistaxis d. Hemoptysis
Correct Answer: a. Melena
You would assess a patient's breath sounds by placing your stethoscope over the midaxillary line and the: a. Midclavicular line b. Sternum c. cricoid notch d. xiphoid process
Correct Answer: a. Midclavicular line
Which of the following is presumptive sign of death? a. No systolic blood pressure b. Lividity c. Rigor mortis d. Putrefaction
Correct Answer: a. No systolic blood pressure
You are dispatched to a call of an infant with shortness of breath. Upon assessing the infant, you are ascertain that the respiratory rate is 32 the finding is: a. Normal b. Agonal c. Tachypneic d. Shallow
Correct Answer: a. Normal
Infants primarily breath through their: a. Noses b. Mouths c. Nose and mouths d. None of the above
Correct Answer: a. Noses
The scene size up should include: a. Number of injuries, if known b. The surrounding buildings' addresses c. The number of law enforcement on the scene d. None of the above
Correct Answer: a. Number of injuries, if known
When performing CPR on an an adult patient how deeply should the chest be depressed? a. One and a half inch to two inches b. One half to one inch c. One to one and half inches d. Two inches to three inches
Correct Answer: a. One and a half inch to two inches
Which of the following statements is true? a. Only some infectious diseases are contagious but all contagious diseases are infectious b. All infectious diseases are contagious c. Some contagious diseases are infectious d. None of the above
Correct Answer: a. Only some infectious diseases are contagious but all contagious diseases are infectious
Your patient is a 62 year old male who has survived a serious car crash. He is unconscious, cyanotic, and bleeding profusely from a thigh wound. Breathing is rapid and shallow. Other injuries are suspected. In which order should you provide care? a. Open the airway and provide oxygen, control bleeding, immobilize and transport b. Immobilize, control bleeding, transport open the airway and provide oxygen c. Open the airway and provide oxygen, immobilize, control bleeding and transport d. Control bleeding, open the airway and provide oxygen, immobilize and transport
Correct Answer: a. Open the airway and provide oxygen, control bleeding, immobilize and transport (ABC's first, immobilize after)
The heart is covered by a fibrous sac called the a. Pericardium b. Epicardium c. Visceral pleura d. Parietal pleura
Correct Answer: a. Pericardium
You are assessing a patient who has overdosed on cocaine. You would expect his pupils to be: a. Pinpoint b. Dilated c. Normal d. Unequal
Correct Answer: a. Pinpoint
When applying a bandage or a dressing to a hand, you should put the hand in what position? a. Position of function b. Slightly flexed c. Slightly extended d. Flat
Correct Answer: a. Position of function
What is the name for an emotionally unjustified erection seen with spinal cord injury patients? a. Priapism b. Spinal phallus c. Genourinary sign d. Foley response
Correct Answer: a. Priapism
In a breech presentation, if the mother does not deliver within ten minutes of presentation what should you do? a. Promptly transport the mother to the hospital b. Gently massage the mother's abdomen in a circular motion c. Gently pull on the presented part of the infant d. Lay the mother left lateral recumbent and tell her to keep her knees together
Correct Answer: a. Promptly transport the mother to the hospital
The most important treatment intervention for shock is to maintain an open airway and to: a. Provide 100% oxygen b. Ventilate the patient with a bag valve mask c. Provide 100 ml of fluid every 15 minutes d. Splint and bandage all wounds
Correct Answer: a. Provide patient with 100% oxygen
Pink frothy sputum us typically seen with a patient who has: a. Pulmonary edema b. COPD c. Asthma d. ARD's
Correct Answer: a. Pulmonary edema
If a clinical problem is identified in the EMS service, a plan is developed and implemented to reduce further occurrences of the same problem this is called: a. Quality improvement b. Call - sheet review c. Ongoing system redesign d. Quality assurance
Correct Answer: a. Quality improvement
In the early stage of hypoglycemia, respirations will be: a. Rapid b. Slow c. Normal d. Deep
Correct Answer: a. Rapid
Besides ventricular fibrillation, the second rhythm that the AED considers shockable is: a. Rapid ventricular tachycardia b. Asystole c. Atrial fibrillation d. Pulseless electrical activity
Correct Answer: a. Rapid ventricular tachycardia
What component of blood is responsible for transporting oxygen and carbon dioxide to and from tissues of the body? a. Red blood cells b. Plasma c. White blood cells d. Platelets
Correct Answer: a. Red blood cells
You are assessing a non-gravid female with profuse vaginal bleeding after an unknown injury. She has a tear noted just outside of the vagina. Treatment should include all of the following EXCEPT to: a. Remove the foreign body b. Apply a sterile moist compress to the tear c. Perform an ongoing assessment d. Apply local pressure
Correct Answer: a. Remove the foreign body
The main purpose of the detailed physical examination is to: a. Reveal hidden or less obvious injuries b. Detect changes in the patients condition c. Obtain a complete medical history d. Check vital signs and breath sounds
Correct Answer: a. Reveal hidden or less obvious injuries
The correct way to stimulate a newborn to breathe is to: a. Rub his or her back or flick the soles of his or her feet b. Postion him or her with her head higher than the body c. Suction his or her nose and then mouth d. Smack him or her gently on the buttocks
Correct Answer: a. Rub his or her back or flick the soles of his or her feet
Another name for the shoulder blade is the a. Scapula b. Sternum c. Clavicle d. Ischium
Correct Answer: a. Scapula
You are assessing a patient who has sustained an injury to the elbow. He is unable to straighten his elbow. Which of the following would be correct when splinting this patient? a. Secure the entire extremity b. Place the extremity in a bent position and apply a sling and swathe c. Do not splint the extremity d. Have the patient hold his arm in a position of comfort
Correct Answer: a. Secure the entire extremity
The APGAR score after one minute should be: a. Seven or greater b. Five c. Between one and five d. Three or greater
Correct Answer: a. Seven or greater
Your patient has an impaled object in the thigh you should: a. Stabilize the object with a bulky dressing b. remove the object, then apply direct pressure c. Remove the object, applying direct pressure and then applying a pressure dressing d. Leave the object alone
Correct Answer: a. Stabilize the object with a bulky dressing
You are treating a 39 year old female who has been in a motor vehicle accident. She has a suspected broken arm and leg, moderate bleeding from the leg wound and signs and symptoms of early shock. Vital signs are pulse 96 bpm and thready, respirations are 28 per minute and shallow, BP is 110/78. Your treatment should focus on: a. Stabilizing the patient and transporting her to the hospital b. Carefully splinting and bandaging all the patients injuries c. Performing a detailed trauma assessment in the field d. Opening the airway and monitoring vital signs every 15 minutes
Correct Answer: a. Stabilizing the patient and transporting her to the hospital
You arrive on the scene to find a patient in the beginning of the second stage of labor. You should: a. Stay on the scene and deliver the baby b. Transport immediately c. Contact medical control for orders d. All of the above
Correct Answer: a. Stay on the scene and deliver the baby
When the aortic valve closes blood flow: a. Stops b. Continues into the ventricles c. Slows to allow filling of the atria d. Increases in order to travel to the peripheral arteries
Correct Answer: a. Stops
You should evaluate the severity of a patients hyperthermia by assessing the: a. Temperature of the skin b. Color of the skin c. Blood pressure d. Presence of muscle cramps
Correct Answer: a. Temperature of the skin
Which of the following would cause obstructive shock? a. Tension pnuemothorax b. Massive myocardial infarction c. Severe blood loss d. Anaphylactic shock
Correct Answer: a. Tension pnuemothorax
You respond to the elementary school for an 8 year old girl with an altered LOC. The school nurse tells you that the patient has been acting strangely and may have a behavioral emergency. You should first suspect: a. That she is most likely having a diabetic emergency b. That she has not taken her psychiatric meds regularly c. That she is faking it when she wants to get out of the test d. A possible head injury
Correct Answer: a. That she is most likely having a diabetic emergency
Infarction means: a. The death of tissue b. Inadequate tissue perfusion c. Decreased blood flow d. None of the above
Correct Answer: a. The death of tissue
Which of the following is the narrowest part of the airway in an adult? a. The glottis opening b. The carina c. The epiglottis d. The bronchus
Correct Answer: a. The glottis opening
When referring to a medication, the _____________________ name is the name that a pharmaceutical company gives to the medication. a. Trade b. Generic c. Chemical d. Proper
Correct Answer: a. Trade
Preeclampsia typically develops after the __________ weeks of pregnancy a. Twentieth b. Thirtieth c. Twenty- eighth d. Thirty - six
Correct Answer: a. Twentieth
The gall bladder is located in the: a. Upper right quadrant b. Upper left quadrant c. Lower right quadrant d. Lower left quadrant
Correct Answer: a. Upper right quadrant
During exhalation the diaphragm moves: a. Upward b. Downward c. Inward d. Side to side
Correct Answer: a. Upward
Nitroglycerin is a: a. Vasodilator b. Antiarrhythmic c. Antispasmodic d. Vasoconstrictor
Correct Answer: a. Vasodilator
In addition to the atria and the ventricles ___________ also contain valves to prevent back flow of blood a. Veins b. Arteries c. Arterioles d. Bronchioles
Correct Answer: a. Veins
What carries blood from the body to the right atrium? a. Vena cava b. Aorta c. Pulmonary vein d. Pulmonary artery
Correct Answer: a. Vena cava
Effective therapeutic communication skills require _________. a. Verbal and non-verbal communication techniques b. English- speaking patients or family members c. Supervision by advanced life support personnel d. Correct use of complex medical terminology
Correct Answer: a. Verbal and non-verbal communication techniques
Which of the following will help improve radio communications? a. Wait 1 second after pressing the transmit button before speaking b. Hold the radio at least 6 inches from your mouth c. Use codes to speed communications d. Answer questions with yes or no
Correct Answer: a. Wait 1 second after pressing the transmit button before speaking
Which of the following is an accurate indicator of oxygenation and ventilation in a pediatric patient? a. Work of breathing b. Respiratory rate c. Breath sounds d. Pulse oximeter reading
Correct Answer: a. Work of breathing
Your trauma patient has an amputated foot. How should you care for an amputated foot? a. Wrap it in a sterile dressing, then in plastic, and keep it cool. b. Immerse it in a tub of ice water and transport it with the patient. c. Put it inside the PASG and inflate the other leg of the garment. d. Put the foot back on the leg and then splint it in place.
Correct Answer: a. Wrap it in a sterile dressing, then in plastic, and keep it cool.
Breathing concentrations of carbon dioxide greater than __________________ will result in death within minutes. a. 5% b. 10% c. 2% d. 7%
Correct Answer: b. 10%
A blood loss of ___________ in an infant can be life threatening. a. 50 - 75 cc b. 100 - 200 cc c. 75 - 100 cc d. 50 cc
Correct Answer: b. 100 - 200 cc
The optimal landing zone should be established on level ground, free of debris and measure a. 60 feet by 60 feet b. 100 feet by 100 feet c. 50 feet by 50 feet d. None of the above
Correct Answer: b. 100 feet by 100 feet
Your patient opens her eyes to the sound of your voice, withdraws from pain and is confused. Her GCS is: a. 12 b. 11 c. 13 d. 9
Correct Answer: b. 11
In a patient with an arterial bleed, what is the order in which you should attempt to stop the severe bleeding? 1. Tourniquet 2. Direct pressure 3. Elevation 4. Pressure point a. 4, 3, 2, 1 b. 2, 3, 4, 1 c. 3, 4, 1, 2 d. 1 only
Correct Answer: b. 2, 3, 4, 1
A combustible liquid is considered a DOT Hazard Class a. 2 b. 3 c. 9 d. 6
Correct Answer: b. 3
What it the ventilation rate for children who are experiencing brain herniation? a. 20 breaths per minute b. 30 breaths per minute c. 40 breaths per minute d. 12 breaths per minute
Correct Answer: b. 30 breaths per minute
When performing CPR on an infant deliver __________________ ventilations and ________________ compressions per minute a. 20, 100 b. 36, 100 c. 60, 100 d. 60, 120
Correct Answer: b. 36, 100
The assessment of the airway should take no longer than: a. 15 seconds b. 5 seconds c. 10 seconds d. 30 seconds
Correct Answer: b. 5 seconds
A patient who weighs 130 pounds weighs approximately______________________ kilograms. a. 100 b. 59 c. 120 d. 70
Correct Answer: b. 59
What should the oxygen flow rate be set to when using a small volume nebulizer? a. 4-6 LPM b. 6-8 LPM c. 10- 15 LPM d. 2-4 LPM
Correct Answer: b. 6-8 LPM
Using the rule of nines, each lower extremity in a pediatric patient accounts for wha percentage of body area? a. 14 b. 7 c. 9 d. 18
Correct Answer: b. 7
Which of the following would classify as a critical burn? a. A full thickness burn to the body with 8% body surface area b. A partial thickness burn to 5% of one foot c. A partial thickness burn to 25% of the body d. A superficial burn to 45% of the body
Correct Answer: b. A partial thickness burn to 5% of one foot
Which of the following is NOT a component of a BVM? a. A transparent face mask b. A rebreathing valve c. A self-refilling bag d. An oxygen reservoir
Correct Answer: b. A rebreathing valve
When auscultating the lungs of a patient with respiratory distress, you hear adventitious sounds. This means that the patient has: a. Normal breath sounds b. Abnormal breath sounds c. Diminished breath sounds d. An absence of breath sounds
Correct Answer: b. Abnormal breath sounds
During your assessment of a 20 year old man with a severe headache and nausea, you ask him when his headache began, but he's does not answer your question immediately. You should: a. Repeat your question because he probably did not hear you b. Allow him time to think about the question and respond to it c. Ask if he frequently experiences severe headaches and nausea d. Tell him that you cannot help him unless he answers your questions
Correct Answer: b. Allow him time to think about the question and respond to it
Bleeding after labor should NOT be managed by: a. Administering high flow oxygen via an NRB b. Applying a sanitary napkin into the vagina c. Placing the infant on the mother's chest and allowing him/ her to nurse d. Placing the mother left laterally recumbent
Correct Answer: b. Applying a sanitary napkin into the vagina ( never place anything inside the vagina to control bleeding )
Another term for an abnormal cardiac rhythm is: a. Cardiomyopathy b. Arrhythmia c. Asystole d. Tachypnea
Correct Answer: b. Arrhythmia
The type of injury that is characterized by the underlying tissues being forcibly torn away is called an: a. Amputation b. Avulsion c. Penetration d. Laceration
Correct Answer: b. Avulsion
Your first preparation for the delivery of an infant should be: a. Notifying the receiving facility b. BSI precautions c. Applying oxygen to the mother d. Preparing a sterile environment
Correct Answer: b. BSI precautions
Of the following injuries which should receive a yellow tag when triaged? a. Uncontrolled bleeding b. Back injury with possible spinal cord damage c. Decreased level of consciousness d. Minor fractures
Correct Answer: b. Back injury with possible spinal cord damage
Tuberculosis is a ___________________ organism a. Viral b. Bacterial c. Dormant d. Genetic
Correct Answer: b. Bacterial
The CombiTube is a a. Single lumen device b. Blind insertion device c. Triple lumen device d. Device to be used under direct laryngoscopy
Correct Answer: b. Blind insertion device
The central nervous system consists of the: a. Brain b. Brain and spinal cord c. Brain and sensory nerves d. Spinal cord
Correct Answer: b. Brain and spinal cord
A condition that is caused by the heart's inability to pump and leads to an overload of fluid in the tissues is: a. COPD b. CHF c. Chronic bronchitis d. Asthma
Correct Answer: b. CHF
When assessing circulation in a pediatric patient with a weak pulse, check the ____________ pulse if the patient is older than one year a. Brachial b. Carotid c. Radial d. Popliteal
Correct Answer: b. Carotid
Of the following which is characterized by rapid, deep respirations that are usually present with strokes or head injuries? a. Kussmaul's respirations b. Central neurogenic hyperventilation c. Cheyne stokes respirations d. Hypoxic respirations
Correct Answer: b. Central neurogenic hyperventilation
The ___________ cavity contains the great vessels a. Abdominal b. Chest (thorax) c. Retroperitoneal d. Vertebral
Correct Answer: b. Chest (thorax)
You are assisting with a delivery in the field. As the baby's head is born, you find that the cord is wrapped tightly around the infants neck and cannot be dislodged. You should: a. Transport the mother immediately in the knee/chest position b. Clamp the cord in two places and cut it between the clamps c. Pull hard on the cord to force the placenta to deliver immediately d. Exert gentle pressure on the baby's head to slow delivery
Correct Answer: b. Clamp the cord in two places and cut it between the clamps
A patient who has a compression injury may develop a serious condition in which fluid can leak in the spaces between cells. Blood vessels also become compressed, inhibiting blood flow to surrounding tissues. This condition is called a. Compression syndorme b. Compartment syndrome c. Decompression syndrome d. A hematoma
Correct Answer: b. Compartment syndrome
During your focused history and physical exam of an unresponsive patient, you should first: a. Obtain vital signs, and then gather OPQRST from the patient b. Conduct a rapid physical assessment and then obtain vital signs c. Gather a SAMPLE history and then OPQRST from the patient d. Request ALS and regina detailed head to toe exam
Correct Answer: b. Conduct a rapid physical assessment and then obtain vital signs
You are called to the residence of a woman who is in labor. Examination of her genitalia shows that she has a limb presentation. You should: a. Lightly pull on the exposed limb to assist in delivery b. Cover the limb with a sterile towel and transport the woman immediately c. Coach the woman to breathe and push d. Insert two fingers into the vagina to relieve the pressure on the limb
Correct Answer: b. Cover the limb with a sterile towel and transport the woman immediately
A 36 year old male is a restrained passenger in a car crash. He complains of pain to his right leg. While assessing his leg you palpate for: a. Distention b. Deformity c. Defasciculation d. Debridement
Correct Answer: b. Deformity
You are called to the residence of a patient who is complaining of abdominal pain. He tells you that he took a hard hit while playing football two nights ago. Upon examination, you find signs of internal bleeding. You should suspect a. Abdominal aortic aneurysm b. Delayed rupture of the spleen c. Rib fractures d. Appendicitis
Correct Answer: b. Delayed rupture of the spleen
Which of the following is the medical term for double vision? a. Dysplopia b. Diplopia c. Photophobia d. Conjunctival vision
Correct Answer: b. Diplopia
You respond to a child with unknown respiratory problems. You find that the child has a tracheostomy tube and is on a ventilator. The ventilator is malfunctioning. You should: a. Reset the ventilator settings b. Disconnect the ventilator and ventilate the child using a BVM connected to a tracheostomy tube c. Contact medical control d. Suction the airway
Correct Answer: b. Disconnect the ventilator and ventilate the child using a BVM connected to a tracheostomy tube
Radioactive material can kill or injure by: a. Burning the surface of the skin b. Disrupting cellular functions c. Creating severe deep burns d. Infectious substances
Correct Answer: b. Disrupting cellular functions
Which one of the meninges is closest to the skull? a. Pia mater b. Dura mater c. Arachnoid mater d. Corpus callosum
Correct Answer: b. Dura mater
The best treatment for ventricular fibrillation is: a. High flow oxygen b. Early defibrillation c. Early CPR d. Early administration of antiarrythmic medications
Correct Answer: b. Early defibrillation
A controllable risk factor for coronary artery disease is: a. Gender b. Elevated blood glucose c. Family history of atherosclerotic coronary artery disease d. None of the above
Correct Answer: b. Elevated blood glucose
What is the outer layer of the heart called? a. Visceral pleura b. Epicardium c. Pericardium d. Myocardium
Correct Answer: b. Epicardium
If you are the initial unit to arrive on the scene of a multi casualty incident, you should first: a. Report to the command post for assignment b. Establish command c. Begin Triaging patients d. Start treating patients appropriately
Correct Answer: b. Establish command
You have applied the PASG to a patient. You should monitor the vital signs a. Every 10 minutes b. Every 5 minutes c. Every 15 minutes d. Once before the application and then again after the application
Correct Answer: b. Every 5 minutes
A competent adult patient who gives permission to treat does so with: a. Implied consent b. Expressed consent c. Informed consent d. Alert consent
Correct Answer: b. Expressed consent
After week eight, the embryo is now called a: a. Zygote b. Fetus c. Neonate d. Zygoma
Correct Answer: b. Fetus
The laryngeal mask airway was initially designed a. For the use of EMT's in the field b. For use in a controlled environment, such as the operating room c. For use by the military d. To allow the patient to step down from a more invasive device when healing
Correct Answer: b. For use in a controlled environment, such as the operating room
Which of the following is true regarding gastric distention? a. Gastric distention most commonly affects children b. Gastric distention can significantly reduce lung volume c. Fast, gentle breaths should be administered to avoid gastric distention d. In all patients, if you notice the gastric distention is occurring while administering ventilations, reposition and head and apply cricoid
Correct Answer: b. Gastric distention can significantly reduce lung volume
The body's three stage response to stress is referred to as the: a. Fight or flight response b. General adaption syndrome c. Critical incident stress management d. Physiological response
Correct Answer: b. General adaption syndrome
The __________refers to the time from injury to definitive care in which each treatment of a trauma patient's injuries and shock should occur in order to maximize the chance of survival. a. Platinum ten minutes b. Golden hour c. Bronze 15 minutes d. Rapid assessment
Correct Answer: b. Golden hour
A multipara woman is one who: a. Is experiencing her first pregnancy b. Has had more than one baby born alive c. Has had one live birth d. None of the above
Correct Answer: b. Has had more than one baby born alive
In infants, most of their body heat is lost through their: a. Hands b. Head c. Feet d. Torso
Correct Answer: b. Head
What is most important when assessing for injuries sustained from a fall? a. The patients height b. Height of the fall c. Patients weight d. Previous injuries
Correct Answer: b. Height of the fall
A patient suffering from heatstroke will typically have what symptoms? a. Cool diaphoretic pale skin b. Hot dry flushed skin c. Normal colored warm diaphoretic skin d. None of the above
Correct Answer: b. Hot dry flushed skin
If a diabetic patient takes his insulin but does not eat, the condition that he may develop is called: a. Diabetic ketoacidosis b. Hypoglycemia c. Hyperglycemia d. Diabetic coma
Correct Answer: b. Hypoglycemia
Your patient is a 23 year old male who has suffered possible spinal trauma while playing football. He is still wearing his sports helmet as you begin your initial assessment. When should you remove his helmet? a. When it is time to apply a cervical collar b. If it prevents you from assessing the airway c. Before you position him on the long board d. When you assess his level of consciousness
Correct Answer: b. If it prevents you from assessing the airway
The _____ arteries supply blood to the pelvis, groin and legs a. Femoral b. Iliac c. Popliteal d. Posterior tibial
Correct Answer: b. Iliac
The first incident management system was known as the: a. National incident management system b. Incident command system c. Incident management system d. None of the above
Correct Answer: b. Incident command system
The individual who has overall command of the scene in the field is the: a. Battalion chief b. Incident commander c. Medical director d. State officer
Correct Answer: b. Incident commander
In compensated shock, the respirations will be: a. Normal b. Increased c. Decreased d. Agonal
Correct Answer: b. Increased
What is an early sign of shock? a. Decreased pulse rate b. Increased pulse rate c. Altered mental status d. Decreased blood pressure
Correct Answer: b. Increased pulse rate
Removing the patient from a vehicle after a significant crash in one fast, continuous step a. Should be done to remove all individuals who have been entrapped b. Increases risk of harm c. Should be performed when there is a death of an occupant in the car d. Is not necessary
Correct Answer: b. Increases risk of harm
Your concern for potentially serious underlying injuries is called: a. Cause for concern b. Index of suspicion c. Nature of injury d. Mechanism of injury
Correct Answer: b. Index of suspicion
You are dispatched to a residence for a 66 year old male who, according to family members, has suffered a massive stroke. Your primary assessment reveals that the patient is unresponsive, apneic, and pulseless. You should: a. Assess the patient for a facial droop and hemiparesis b. Initiate CPR and attach an AED as soon as possible c. Obtain blood glucose sample to rule out hypoglycemia d. Perform CPR for 5 minutes before applying the AED
Correct Answer: b. Initiate CPR and attach an AED as soon as possible
Red blood cells are also called: a. Leukocytes b. Monocytes c. Erythrocytes d. Platelets
Correct Answer: c. Erythrocytes
The largest organ of the the body is part of the: a. Circulatory system b. Integumentary system c. Endocrine system d. Respiratory system
Correct Answer: b. Integumentary system
Your patient is a 43 year old female pedestrian who was hit by a car. No spinal trauma is suspected, but the patient is showing signs of early shock and has a tender abdomen. You should strongly suspect: a. Head injury b. Internal bleeding c. Evisceration d. Impaled objects
Correct Answer: b. Internal bleeding
Because of the blockage ( partial or complete) of blood flow through the coronary arteries, the heart muscle and other tissues fail to get enough oxygen. This insufficient amount of oxygen is called: a. Cellular death b. Ischemia c. Narcosis d.Atherosclerosis
Correct Answer: b. Ischemia
Approximately 25% of severe injuries to the aorta occur during: a. Frontal collisions b. Lateral collisions c. Rollover collisions d. Rear- end collisions
Correct Answer: b. Lateral collisions
The term power lift refers to using muscle groups in your: a. Back b. Legs c. Arms d. Abdomen
Correct Answer: b. Legs
Which of the following is a sign of a superficial local cold injury? a. Swelling b. Loss of feeling and sensation in an injury c. Blisters d. White, waxy skin
Correct Answer: b. Loss of feeling and sensation in an injury
Which of the following is a curved force that can be used to remove a foreign body from a patients mouth? a. McWhirter prongs b. Magil forceps c. Miller blades d. Magoo prongs
Correct Answer: b. Magil forceps
The most difficult aspect of providing artificial ventilations with a BVM is: a. Administering the proper tidal volume for the patient b. Maintaining a seal on the patients face c. Squeezing the bag d. Refilling the bag
Correct Answer: b. Maintaining a seal on the patients face
How do you measure the nasopharyngeal airway size needed prior to placement? a. Measure from the tip of the nose to the angle of the jaw b. Measure from the tip of nose to the earlobe c. Measure from the corner of the mouth to the angle of the jaw d. Measure from the tip of the nose to the top of the ear
Correct Answer: b. Measure from the tip of nose to the earlobe
You are communicating with an older patient, it is important to remember that: a. Your questions should focus exclusively on the patient's obvious problem b. Most older people think clearly and are capable of answering questions c. Hostility and confusion should be presumed due to the patients age d. Speaking loudly and distinctly will ensure that the patient can hear you
Correct Answer: b. Most older people think clearly and are capable of answering questions
The airway of a child can become easily obstructed because, in comparison with an adult, a child has a: a. Shorter airway and more secretions b. Narrower airway and larger tongue c. Smaller nose and mouth d. Faster breathing rate
Correct Answer: b. Narrower airway and larger tongue
What causes the high- pitched sound in wheezing? a. Foreign body b. Narrowing of the airways c. A fall in carbon dioxide levels d. Mucous in the airway
Correct Answer: b. Narrowing of the airways
You are assessing a patient who is unconscious and unresponsive. You notice that he has agonal respirations. you have determined this because agonal respirations are characterized by: a. Deep, slow breaths b. Occasional gasping breaths c. Rapid shallow breaths d. Slow shallow breaths
Correct Answer: b. Occasional gasping breaths
When preparing to obtain a 12 lead ECG, the V1 and V2 electrodes should be placed: a. In the midclavicular line b. On either side of the sternum c. In the midaxillary line d. on the left and right arms
Correct Answer: b. On either side of the sternum
You and your partner have just delivered a neonate. After warming, drying, suctioning and administering tactile stimulation to the baby she is still not breathing. Your next action should be: a. Chest compression b. Oxygen c. Bag- valve- mask ventilations d. Intubation
Correct Answer: b. Oxygen
What type of burn involves the epidermis and varying layers of the dermis? a. Superficial burn b. Partial thickness burn c. Full thickness burn d. Combination burn
Correct Answer: b. Partial thickness burn
Anyone who leaves a hazard zone (hot zone) must: a. Remove their clothes prior to leaving b. Pass through the decontamination area c. Obtain permission from the incident commander d. All of the above
Correct Answer: b. Pass through the decontamination area
The areas for greatest concern of internal blood loss are the chest abdomen and _______________ a. Thighs b. Pelvis c. Brain d. Lower extremities
Correct Answer: b. Pelvis
Another term for whooping cough is: a. Stridor b. Pertussis c. Pneumonia d. SARS
Correct Answer: b. Pertussis
Which of the following is the membrane that lies directly over the brain tissue? a. Dura mater b. Pia mater c. Arachnoid membrane d. Cranial membrane
Correct Answer: b. Pia mater
The best way to treat a patient who has a large spurting laceration on the head is to: a. Apply pressure to the carotid artery b. Place a gloved hand over gauze while holding constant, firm pressure c. Apply a bandage and dressing to the head d. All of the above
Correct Answer: b. Place a gloved hand over gauze while holding constant, firm pressure
The proper technique for applying the PASG to a patient with a suspected spinal injury is to: a. Immobilize the patient to a long spinal board before applying the PASG b. place the PASG on a long spine board and log roll the patient on to it c. Apply both the PASG and the long spine board while the patient is standing d. Elevate the patient's legs while applying the PASG, but don't move the pelvis
Correct Answer: b. Place the PASG on a long spine board and log roll the patient
What does the S stand for in the charting mnemonic SOAP? a. Signs and Symptoms b. Subjective c. Scene description d. Skin color
Correct Answer: b. Subjective
You respond to a patient who has amputated two digits. What should you do with the amputated digits? a. Place the digits on ice b. Place the digits in a biohazard bag and keep them cool with cold packs c. Place the digits in sterile saline d. Place the digits in a biohazard bag and dispose of them in the proper receptacle
Correct Answer: b. Place the digits in a biohazard bag and keep them cool with cold packs
The disc- shaped, temporary organ that delivers nutrients and oxygen from the mother to the fetus is the: a. Umbilical cord b. Placenta c. Amniotic sac d. Uterus
Correct Answer: b. Placenta
A common symptom seen with a diabetic patient is excessive drinking to satisfy extreme thirst. This is also called: a. Polyuria b. Polydipsia c. Polyphagia d. Dysphagia
Correct Answer: b. Polydipsia
The type of asphyxia that can occur when you improperly restrain a patient is: a. Traumatic asphyxia b. Positional asphyxia c. Mechanical asphyxia d. Perinatal asphyxia
Correct Answer: b. Positional asphyxia
Which of the following is NOT an aim of HIPAA? a. Improving the continuity of health insurance coverage b. Preventing healthcare workers from sharing patient information c. Safeguarding patient confidentiality d. Strengthening laws for the protection of the privacy of health information
Correct Answer: b. Preventing healthcare workers from sharing patient information
If a newborn infant's respiratory effort is inadequate, your first intervention should be to a. Provide artificial ventilations at a rate of 120/min. b. Provide positive pressure ventilations at a rate of 60/min. c. Administer high-flow oxygen via the blow-by method. d. Transport immediately to a hospital with a newborn intensive care unit.
Correct Answer: b. Provide positive pressure ventilations at a rate of 60/min.
The term describing structures that are located closer to the trunk is: a. Superficial b. Proximal c. Lateral d. Distal
Correct Answer: b. Proximal
In addition to cause, duty to act and damages what other factor must be present to be considered negligent in your duties? a. Discrimination b. Prudence c. Harm d. Effect
Correct Answer: b. Prudence
Who is the only member of personnel who is authorized to release information to the media after approval by incident commander is given? a. Liaison officer b. Public information officer c. Logistics officer d. Highest ranking officer on the scene
Correct Answer: b. Public information officer
What are the only veins in the body that carry oxygenated blood? a. Vena cava b. Pulmonary veins c. Venules d. Peripheral veins
Correct Answer: b. Pulmonary veins
To maintain a patients airway in a uninjured patient who is breathing on his own, the patient should be placed in the _____________ position. a. Trendelenburg b. Recovery c. Supine d. Prone
Correct Answer: b. Recovery
When a patient has loose dentures you should ______________ before ventilating a. Reposition them b. Remove them c. Ignore them d. Hold them in place
Correct Answer: b. Remove them
Which of the following is NOT a component of the Glasgow Coma Scale? a. Motor response b. Respirations c. Eye opening d. Verbal response
Correct Answer: b. Respirations
If lung sounds are present on the right side and diminished on the left side, this means that the _______________ Has been intubated a. Left mainstream bronchus b. Right mainstream bronchus c. Esophagus d. Epigastrium
Correct Answer: b. Right mainstream bronchus
When determining if a patient has a behavioral emergency you should first: a. Have law enforcement respond to place the person in custody b. Rule out any medical problems or emergencies c. See what medications the patient is prescribed d. Interview bystanders
Correct Answer: b. Rule out any medical problems or emergencies
You are dispatched to a residence for a pediatric patient in respiratory distress. The patient's father states that the child had fallen into the pool earlier that day but was released from the hospital after a brief evaluation. He is most likely suffering from: a. Pulmonary edema b. Secondary drowning syndrome c. Pneumonia d. Asthma
Correct Answer: b. Secondary drowning syndrome
The left and right sides of the heart are separated by the: a. Endoplasmic reticulum b. Septum c. Ventricular wal d. Cellular wall
Correct Answer: b. Septum
When assessing a patient with chest pain, asking the patient to rate the pain on a scale from one to ten would fall under what part of the acronym OPQRST? a. Quality b. Severity c. Provocation d. Radiate
Correct Answer: b. Severity
The initial cardiac electrical impulse in the normal functioning heart originates in the a. Left atrium b. Sinoatrial node c. Perkinje fibers d. Atrioventricular node
Correct Answer: b. Sinoatrial node
A development defect in which the infant's spinal cord or meninges protrude outside of the vertebrae or body is called: a. Spinal meningitis b. Spina bifida c. Spinal scoliosis d. Spinal subluxation
Correct Answer: b. Spina bifida
The power lift technique refers to a position in which you: a. Lift a patient as high as you possibly can b. Squat down, lock your back, and use your knees to lift c. Bend at the waist and jerk the patient up quickly d. lift a one- rescuer stretcher by yourself
Correct Answer: b. Squat down, lock your back, and use your knees to lift
You have responded to a residence and find that the spouse is doing CPR. She tells you that she has been doing CPR for approximately five minutes. You should: a. Apply an AED b. Stop Compressions and check for a pulse c. Apply high flow oxygen d. Ask if the patient has a DNR
Correct Answer: b. Stop Compressions and check for a pulse
You should place your hand on a pregnant women's abdomen during contractions to assess the: a. Length of the contractions b. Strength of the contractions c. Size of the fetus d. Fetal heart rate
Correct Answer: b. Strength of the contractions
You respond to a residence for a child who is having a seizure. Upon arrival at the scene, you enter the residence and find the mother holding her child, a 2 year old male. The child is conscious and crying. according to the mother, the child had been running a high fever and then experienced a seizure that lasted approximately 3 minutes. You should: a. Cover the child with wet towels and give oxygen via nasal cannula b. Transport the child to the hospital and reassure the mother en route c. Advise the mother to take her child to the doctor the following day d. Call medical control ans request permission to give the child aspirin
Correct Answer: b. Transport the child to the hospital and reassure the mother en route
The umbilical cord normally contains: a. One artery and One vein b. Two arteries and two veins c. Two veins and one artery d. Two veins and two arteries
Correct Answer: b. Two arteries and two veins
When using an AED after the shock is administered or when no shock is indicated, CPR should be performed for: a. One minute b. Two minutes c. Three minutes d. None of the above
Correct Answer: b. Two minutes
In the case of children, airway adjuncts are used when the a. Child is in respiratory distress and needs supplemental oxygen. b. Usual means of opening and maintaining the airway are ineffective. c. Child is frightened of the oxygen mask and nasal cannula. d. Respiratory rate is less than 20/min or greater than 60/min.
Correct Answer: b. Usual means of opening and maintaining the airway are ineffective
The space between that base of the tongue and the epiglottis is known as the: a. Uvula b. Vallecula c. Larynx d. Glottic foramen
Correct Answer: b. Vallecula
Bleeding from a subdural hematoma is a. Arterial b. Venous c. A collection of blood between the dura mater and the skull d. More rare than epidural hematomas
Correct Answer: b. Venous
What type of bleeding is characterized by slow dark red blood? a. Arterial b. Venous c. Capillary d. None of the above
Correct Answer: b. Venous
Which of the following is an example of a route that an indirect vehicle born disease is carried on? a. Mosquito b. Water c. Coughing d. Sexual contact
Correct Answer: b. Water
Prior to the establishment of NIMS, the incident command system was developed and designed for a. The 9/11 terrorist attack b. Wildfires in California c. Flooding disasters d. A chemical warfare attack
Correct Answer: b. Wildfires in California
What is the dose for activated charcoal for adults and children? a. 12.5 mg activated charcoal/ kg of body weight b. 12.5 g activated charcoal c. 1 g activated charcoal/ kg of body weight d. 1 mg activated charcoal/ kg of body weight
Correct Answer: c. 1 g activated charcoal/ kg of body weight
When inserted, the CombiTube will enter the trachea approximately ____________ of the time a. 90% b. 60% to 80% c. 10% to 20% d. 50%
Correct Answer: c. 10% to 20%
A body temperature of what degree and higher is considered to be abnormal? a. 99.9 degrees Fahrenheit b. 100.0 degrees Fahrenheit c. 100.4 degrees Fahrenheit d. 100.9 degrees Fahrenheit
Correct Answer: c. 100.4 degrees Fahrenheit
How much blood loss can occur with a femur fracture? a. 500 - 1000 cc b. 500 - 750 cc c. 1000 - 2000 cc d. 1000 - 3000 cc
Correct Answer: c. 1000 - 2000 cc
While suctioning an adult patient, he continuously produces pink, froth sputum, and his airway fills as fast as you are able to suction it. In this circumstance, you should suction the patient for____________ seconds and ventilate him for _________ minutes, continuing this pattern until the secretions have been cleared from the airway. a. 10, 1 b. 10, 2 c. 15, 2 d. 30, 1
Correct Answer: c. 15, 2
A bag valve mask that is not attached to oxygen deliver oxygen at what percentage? a. 100% b. 75% c. 21% d. 50%
Correct Answer: c. 21%
Which patient's respiratory rate is normal? a. 4 year old male: respirations 38/min b. 11 year old female: respirations 12/ min c. 27 year old male: respirations 14/minute d. 82 year old female: respirations 10/min
Correct Answer: c. 27 year old male: respirations 14/minute
You have just assisted in the delivery of an infant. He has no muscle tone, slow respirations and a heart rate of 98. His hands and feet are blue. What is this infants APGAR score? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4
Correct Answer: c. 3
What is the incubation period for Hepatitis B? a. 1-2 weeks b. 2-10 weeks c. 4-12 weeks d. 2-6 weeks
Correct Answer: c. 4-12 weeks
The Ryan White Act requires a hospital to notify your departments designated officer within _____ hours of the time a patient is identified with an infectious disease a. 12 b. 24 c. 48 d. 36
Correct Answer: c. 48 Hours
The spinal column is divided into how many sections? a. 4 b. 3 c. 5 d. 6
Correct Answer: c. 5 (cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccyx)
Cirrhosis of the liver develops in ______________ of patients with chronic Hepatitis C. a. 100% b. 20% c. 50% d. 30%
Correct Answer: c. 50%
A normal blood glucose level for an adult is: a. 100-180 mg/dL b. 60 - 80 mg/dL c. 80 - 120 mg/dL d. 120 - 80 mg/dL
Correct Answer: c. 80 - 120 mg/dL
In which instance is the placement of an AED contraindicated? a. A pulseless patient b. An unresponsive patient c. A choking patient who is losing consciousness d. A patient with Apnea
Correct Answer: c. A choking patient who is losing consciousness
What is the best transport decision for a patient with decompression sickness? a. The local hospital b. A trauma center c. A facility with a hyperbaric chamber that is 20 minutes away d. all of the above
Correct Answer: c. A facility with a hyperbaric chamber that is 20 minutes away
Which of the following is NOT criterion for proving negligence? a. Breach of duty b. Cause c. Abandonment d. Damages
Correct Answer: c. Abandonment
Painful bleeding in late pregnancy that is caused by the placenta prematurely separating from the uterine wall is called: a. Placenta previa b. Eclampsia c. Abruptio placenta d. Spotaneous abortion
Correct Answer: c. Abruptio placenta
Which of the following medication is supplied as a suspension? a. Albuterol b. Oral glucose c. Activated charcoal d. Nitroglycerine
Correct Answer: c. Activated charcoal
Rapid extrication should be used for which of the following? a. A patient who is bleeding profusely from the back of the head b. A patient who is screaming and stating that she is unable to breathe c. An accident where the airbags have not deployed d. All of the above
Correct Answer: c. An accident where the airbags have not deployed
What blood vessel transports blood from the left ventricle in order to begin systemic circulation? a. Left pulmonary artery b. Right pulmonary artery c. Aorta d. Superior vena cava
Correct Answer: c. Aorta
Febrile seizures: a. Often result in permanent brain damage b. Are often referred to as absence seizures c. Are usually benign but should be evaluated d. Occur when a child's fever rises slowly
Correct Answer: c. Are usually benign but should be evaluated
Components of the Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale include: a. Speech, pupil reaction and memory b. Arm drift, memory and grip strength c. Arm drift, speech and facial droop d. Facial droop, speech and pupil size
Correct Answer: c. Arm drift, speech and facial droop
Law enforcement has summoned you to a night club where a 22 year old female was found unconscious in an adjacent alley. Your primary assessment reveals that her respirations are rapid and shallow and her pulse is rapid and weak. She is wearing a medical alert bracelet that identifies her as an epileptic. There is an empty bottle of vodka next to the patient. You should: a. Place a bite block in her mouth in case she has a seizure and transport at once b. Apply oxygen via a non breathing mask, place her on her left side and transport c. Assist ventilations, perform a rapid exam, and prepare for immediate transport d.Apply oxygen via non- rebreathing mask and transport her for a blood alcohol test
Correct Answer: c. Assist ventilations, perform a rapid exam, and prepare for immediate transport
You arrive on the scene of an initial call of chest pain. You find the patient unconscious, unresponsive, pulseless and apneic. Your first action should be to: a. Perform abdominal thrusts b. Apply the AED c. Begin chest compressions d. Apply the oxygen
Correct Answer: c. Begin chest compressions
Soft tissue injuries can be: a. Internal b. External c. Both A and B d. None of the above
Correct Answer: c. Both A and B
Which of the following is a high priority (severe) burn injury? a. Full thickness burns affecting less than 2% b. Partial thickness burns affecting 12% of the body c. Burns complicated by an extremity injury d. Superficial burns affecting 55% of the body
Correct Answer: c. Burns complicated by an extremity injury
When a patient hyperventilates they have a build up of ____________ in the blood a. Oxygen b. Nitrogen c. Carbon dioxide d. Carbon monoxide
Correct Answer: c. Carbon dioxide
A teratogenic substance a. Causes mutation b. Causes cancer c. Cause damage to a developing fetus d. None of the above
Correct Answer: c. Cause damage to a developing fetus
It would be most appropriate for a patient to take his or her prescribed nitroglycerin when experiencing: a. Sharp chest pain that lasts longer than 10 to 15 b. An acute onset of dizziness during a period exertion c. Chest pain that does not immediately subside with rest d. Difficulty breathing that awakens the patient
Correct Answer: c. Chest pain that does not immediately subside with rest
You are assessing a patient who has been involved in a single vehicle accident. The patient was unrestrained and you notice starring of the windshield. When assessing his pupils, you shine a light into his right eye. Normally the pupil in the other eye will: a. Dilate b. Not react c. Constrict d. Have the opposite reaction of the right eye
Correct Answer: c. Constrict
Your patient is a 68 year old female with chronic respiratory disease. She is experiencing difficulty breathing in spite of home oxygen delivery. You should: a. Increase the flow rate of her oxygen supply b. Replace her nasal cannula with a face mask c. Consult medical direction for instructions d. Treat the patient for signs of shock
Correct Answer: c. Consult medical direction for instructions
You are dispatched to the local park for a pregnant female who is complaining of severe shortness of breath after being stung by a bee. She tells you that she carries an EpiPen and has a history of allergies to bee stings. You should: a. Transport the patient rapidly b. Administer the EpiPen c. Contact medical control prior to assisting with the EpiPen d. None of the above
Correct Answer: c. Contact medical control prior to assisting with the EpiPen
The type of injury that is caused when a part of the body is trapped between two surfaces is a: a. Blunt force trauma b. Hematoma c. Crush injury d. Abrasion
Correct Answer: c. Crush injury
The passive process in which molecules from an area of higher concentration move an area of lower concentration is: a. Osmosis b. Equalization c. Diffusion d. Metabolization
Correct Answer: c. Diffusion
A 12 year old male jumped approximately 12 feet from a tree and landed on his feet. He complains of pain to his lower back. What injury mechanism is MOST likely responsible for his back pain? a. Lateral impact to the spine b. Energy transmission to the spine c. Direct trauma to the spinal column d. Secondary fall after the initial impact
Correct Answer: c. Direct trauma to the spinal column
The medical term for shortness of breath is: a. Orthopnea b. Orthodontalgia c. Dyspnea d. Apnea
Correct Answer: c. Dyspnea
The birth of the infant is in what stage of labor? a. First b. Second c. End of second d. Third
Correct Answer: c. End of second
Reddened skill is called: a. Cyanosis b. Ecchymosis c. Erythema d. Cellulitis
Correct Answer: c. Erythema
Which of the following is an absolute contraindication for the administration of nitroglycerine? a. Stable angina b. Chest pain c. Head injury d. Dizziness
Correct Answer: c. Head injury
You are assessing a patient who is complaining of weakness and syncope. His pulse rate is 42 and his blood pressure is 108/60. His wife states that he has a pacemaker. You should initially suspect that: a. He is having an acute myocardial infarction b. He is hypoglycemic c. His pacemaker is malfunctioning d. He is dehydrated
Correct Answer: c. His pacemaker is malfunctioning
Your patient is a 79 year old male who is experiencing chest pain. Which question would you ask to investigate the "O" of the OPQRST acronym? a. Have you ever felt this kind of pain before? b. What were you doing when the pain started? c. How long ago did the pain begin? d. What does the pain feel like?
Correct Answer: c. How long ago did the pain begin?
You respond to a single vehicle motor crash. Upon arrival to the scene you see that the car has impacted with a power pole and there are downed power lines lying across the car. You should: a. Enter the area carefully and be aware of surrounding hazards b. Attempt to access the patient(s) while making sure that you are safely grounded c. Instruct the patient(s) to remain in the vehicle until the power is turned off or removed d. Approach the car carefully and do not touch the area of the car that the power lines are touching
Correct Answer: c. Instruct the patient(s) to remain in the vehicle until the power is turned off or removed
The leading cause of maternal death in the first trimester of pregnancy is: a. Placenta abruption b. Eclampsia c. Internal hemorrhage, secondary to an ectopic pregnancy d. Bleeding associated with a miscarriage
Correct Answer: c. Internal hemorrhage, secondary to an ectopic pregnancy
Which of the following is NOT one of the classic signs seen in Cushing's triad? a. Rise in blood pressure b. Slowing pulse c. Irregular pupils d. Erratic respirations
Correct Answer: c. Irregular pupils
A 37- year - old female with a history of diabetes presents with excessive urination and weakness of 2 days' duration. Her blood glucose level reads 320 mg/dL. If this patient's condition is not promptly treated, she will MOST likely develop: a. Severe insulin shock b. Acidosis and dehydration c. Irreversible renal failure d. Hypoxia and over hydration
Correct Answer: c. Irreversible renal failure
A yellowish tint to the skin and is called: a. Flush b. Pallor c. Jaundice d. Cyanotic
Correct Answer: c. Jaundice
Which of the following is the study of relationships among speed, mass and direction of the force and physical injury? a. Biomechanics b. Mechanism of injury c. Kinetics d. Traumatic criteria
Correct Answer: c. Kinetics
The side part of the body that is the farthest midline is described as: a. Distal b. Dorsal c. Lateral d. Medial
Correct Answer: c. Lateral
The apex of the heart is located in the: a. Middle of chest b. Right side of the chest c. Left side of the chest d. Lower left quadrant
Correct Answer: c. Left side of the chest
Individuals with chronic alcoholism are predisposed to intracranial bleeding and hypoglycemia secondary to abnormalities in the: a. Brain b. Kidneys c. Liver d. Pancreas
Correct Answer: c. Liver
Since blood pressures are difficult to obtain in an infant or child less than 3 years old, your assessment of circulation must rely on and include the capillary refill, quality of pulses, and a. Breathing quality b. Respiratory rate c. Mental status d. O2 saturation
Correct Answer: c. Mental status
When resources and personnel are provided by other jurisdictions this is called a. An MCI b. A unity of command c. Mutual Aid d. Supporting material
Correct Answer: c. Mutual Aid
The medical term for a heart attack is: a. Ischemia b. Cardiac arrest c. Myocardial Infarction d. Cardiac stanstill
Correct Answer: c. Myocardial Infarction
The dorsals pedis artery is located: a. Posterior to the knee b. On the posterior surface of the malleolus c. On the anterior surface of the foot d. On the lateral aspect of the anterior wrist
Correct Answer: c. On the anterior surface of the foot
To mount a car seat in an ambulance, place the car seat a. In the front seat of the ambulance b. On the bench seat c. On the stretcher d. None of the above
Correct Answer: c. On the stretcher
Pediatric patients are able to maintain a normal blood pressure until they lose approximately ________________ of their blood volume. a. One third b. One quarter c. One half d. Three quarters
Correct Answer: c. One half
Which of the following types of questions allow for the most detailed response? a. Yes or no questions b. Close- ended questions c. Open ended questions d. Multiple questions asked at once
Correct Answer: c. Open ended questions
The two categories in which the underlying causes of behavioral emergencies fall under are: a. Psychogenic brain disorders and neural dysfunction b. Behavioral disorders and environmental influences c. Organic brain syndrome and functional disorders d. None of the above
Correct Answer: c. Organic brain syndrome and functional disorders
When the hearts electrical system is firing in a regular rhythm but the myocardium is not responding this will be reflected on the monitor as: a. Asystole b. Ventricular fibrillation c. PEA d. Ventricular tachycardia
Correct Answer: c. PEA
What term is used to describe the number of viable births? a. Gravid b. Multigravid c. Para d. Premipara
Correct Answer: c. Para
What does the P in SAMPLE stand for? a. Pain b. Provaction c. Past medical history d. Past meal eaten
Correct Answer: c. Past medical history
What layer of the skin is comprised mostly of fatty tissue? a. Dermis b. Epidermis c. Subcutaneous d. Fascia
Correct Answer: c. Subcutaneous
You have responded to a patient who has choked on an unknown object. He is awake and alert but is not moving air. The most effective way to dislodge the foreign body from his airway is to: a. Slap him on the back b. Lay the patient on the floor and perform chest thrusts c. Perform abdominal thrusts d. Use Magil forceps to remove the object
Correct Answer: c. Perform abdominal thrusts
You assess the color, temperature and condition of a patients skin to gather information about his or her: a. Capillary refill b. Heart rate c. Perfusion d. Respiration
Correct Answer: c. Perfusion
Painless, bright red blood is usually present with: a. Spontaneous abortion b. Cervical rupture c. Placenta previa d. Abruption placenta
Correct Answer: c. Placenta previa
Which of the following is an indicator of correct endotracheal tube placement? a. Abdominal rise and fall b. Gastric sounds c. Postive wave form Capnogrpahy d. Your partner's assurance that he saw the tube pass through the vocal cords
Correct Answer: c. Postive wave form Capnogrpahy
Every patient encounter should be considered: a. Critical b. Medical c. Potentially dangerous d. Potentially life threatening
Correct Answer: c. Potentially dangerous
A woman is experiencing her first pregnancy is called: a. Primipara b. Multigravid c. Primigravida d. Unopara
Correct Answer: c. Primigravida
A patient who is found lying facedown is in what position? a. Fowler's b. Semi - Fowler's c. Prone d. Supine
Correct Answer: c. Prone
In order to care for a child who has a partial upper airway obstruction, you should: a. A combination of black blows and chest thrusts b. Open the airway and attempt to ventilate the child c. Provide oxygen, position the child and transport rapidly d. Use back blows and finger sweeps remove the obstruction
Correct Answer: c. Provide oxygen, position the child and transport rapidly
What carries blood from the right ventricle to the lungs for gas exchange? a. Aorta b. Vena cava c. Pulmonary artery d. Pulmonary vein
Correct Answer: c. Pulmonary artery
The accumulation go fluid in the lungs is called a. Pitting edema b. Dependent edema c. Pulmonary edema d. Pulmonary embolism
Correct Answer: c. Pulmonary edema
When fluid accumulates in the lungs, it interferes with gas exchange. This condition is called: a. COPD b. Chronic bronchitis c. Pulmonary edema d. Asthma
Correct Answer: c. Pulmonary edema
You are assessing a patient who is approximately 24 hours postpartum and is complaining of a sudden onset of severe chest pain and shortness of breath. You suspect: a. Postpartum hemorrhage b. Eclampsia c. Pulmonary embolism d. Myocardial infarction
Correct Answer: c. Pulmonary embolism
In addition to evaluating for DCAP-BTLS, you would evaluate a patients lower extremities for which of the following? a. Firmness, softness and distention b. Paradoxical motion and distention c. Pulse, motor function, and sensation d. Flexion, compression, and movement
Correct Answer: c. Pulse, motor function, and distention
Which of the following indicates the need for immediate defibrillation? a. Asystole b. PEA c. Pulseless ventricular tachycardia d. Atrial fibrillation
Correct Answer: c. Pulseless ventricular tachycardia
What is the major artery that is located in the forearm and is palpable at the wrist along the thumb? a. Ulnar Artery b. Brachial Artery c. Radial Artery d. Tibial Artery
Correct Answer: c. Radial Artery
What should be the next step in your assessment if a significant mechanism of injury is found? a. Focused trauma assessment b. Baseline vital signs c. Rapid trauma assessment d. Detailed physical exam
Correct Answer: c. Rapid trauma assessment
You are assessing a patient who has gone into cardiac arrest while still in his vehicle. You should: a. Assist ventilations with a BVM b. Attempt to perform CPR the best that you can. c. Rapidly extricate the patient d. None of the above
Correct Answer: c. Rapidly extricate the patient
What is the best way to determine the proper sized equipment for a pediatric patient? a. Look in the protocols b. Memorize appropriate sizes c. Refer to a pediatric resuscitation tape measure d. Look on the equipment package
Correct Answer: c. Refer to a pediatric resuscitation tape measure
When is it normal for the baby's head to rotate from face down position to the side? a. During crowning b. Right before the head delivers c. Right after the head delivers d. As the body delivers
Correct Answer: c. Right after the head delivers
You are suctioning a patient and are unable to clear the debris from her airway. You should: a. Do a blind finger sweep of the mouth using your fingers b. Keep attempting to suction the airway c. Roll the patient onto her side and attempt to clear her mouth with your gloved hand d. Attempt to ventilate the patient
Correct Answer: c. Roll the patient onto her side and attempt to clear her mouth with your gloved hand
What should be your primary concern on the scene with a burn patient? a. The golden hour b. Volume loss c. Scene safety d. Percentage of the body surface area is that burned
Correct Answer: c. Scene safety
When dispatched to a call what should be your first concern? a. Number of additional units needed b. Mechanism of injury c. Scene safety d. Nature of the call
Correct Answer: c. Scene safety
A traumatic injury caused by fragments will most likely occur in what blast phase? a. Tertiary b. Primary c. Secondary d. None of the above
Correct Answer: c. Secondary
When triaging at an MCI, which of the following should receive a red tag? a. Respiratory arrest b. Bilateral femur fracture c. Signs of shock d. Second degree burns to the anterior chest
Correct Answer: c. Signs of shock
Rapid onset of altered mental status in a diabetic patient often results when the patient: a. Decreases their insulin dose b. Gets too little exercise c. Skips a meal d. Drinks alcohol
Correct Answer: c. Skips a meal
A warm zone is the area a. Where the treatment is performed b. Where the contamination is actually present c. Surrounding the contamination zone d. Where the triage is performed
Correct Answer: c. Surrounding the contamination zone
A sphygmomanometer is used to: a. Check oxygen levels b. Check ETCO2 levels c. Take blood pressure d. Auscultate blood pressure
Correct Answer: c. Take blood pressure
To determine the responsiveness in a child you should: a. Shake the child b. Speak loudly and shake the child c. Tap the child on the shoulder while speaking loudly d. Administer two breaths
Correct Answer: c. Tap the child on the shoulder while speaking loudly
An explosion has occurred, and your patient sustained injuries when they were thrown into a brick wall. This type of injury is classified as a __________________________ a. Primary blast injury b. Secondary blast injury c. Tertiary blast injury d. Quaternary blast injury
Correct Answer: c. Tertiary blast injury
A Sellick's maneuver should be performed only when: a. The patient begins to vomit b. Assisting ventilations on a conscious patient c. The patient being ventilated is unconscious d. Used in conjunction with a BVM
Correct Answer: c. The patient being ventilated is unconscious
In which of the following situations should you NOT initiate CPR a. The patient's spouse is adamant that you do not perform CPR b. The patient has a living will written in his own handwriting, which is signed by the patient but not witnessed c. The patients guardian has provided a valid DNR d. Prior to becoming pulseless and apneic, the patient stated - in your presence - that he wanted to die and wants no measures performed to save his life
Correct Answer: c. The patients guardian has provided a valid DNR
What is the lowest possible score given on the Glasgow Coma Score? a. One b. Two c. Three d. Zero
Correct Answer: c. Three
What is the BURP maneuver used for? a. To express gastric contents b. To reduce the potential for vomiting during intubation c. To assist in the visualization of the vocal cords during intubation d. To reposition the airway
Correct Answer: c. To assist in the visualization of the vocal cords during intubation
Your patient is a 35 year old female who has been in automobile accident. She has suspected injuries to the pelvis, right upper leg and shoulder. Her vital signs are pulse 96 and weak, respirations 28 per minute shallow, BP 120/80. After checking the airway and administering oxygen, the next thing you should do is? a. Splint the injured arm and the leg injury and then package for transport b. Perform a detailed physical assessment for internal bleeding c. Treat for signs and symptoms of shock and transport rapidly d. Determine the exact mechanism of injury to find all injuries
Correct Answer: c. Treat for signs and symptoms of shock and transport rapidly ( breath rate indicates potential shock)
What is another name for the mitral valve in the heart? a. Bicuspid valve b. Aortic knob c. Tricuspid valve d. Pulmonic valve
Correct Answer: c. Tricuspid valve
Anacorria is: a. Explosive diarrhea b. Posturing c. Unequal pupils d. Dilation of blood vessels
Correct Answer: c. Unequal pupils
On a hazardous materials call, park your ambulance a. Uphill and downwind b. Downhill and upwind c. Uphill and upwind d. Downhill and downwind
Correct Answer: c. Uphill and upwind
Where should vehicles be parked in relation to a fuel leak or hazardous materials release? a. Downwind b. at least 50 feet away c. Upwind d. None of the above
Correct Answer: c. Upwind
What is the best way to immobilize a hip fracture? a. Apply a traction splint b. Place the patient in a position of comfort c. Use a long spine board with padding placed under the knees d. Apply a rigid splint to the lower extremity of the side that is affected
Correct Answer: c. Use a long spine board with padding placed under the knees
You are assessing a pediatric patient with special needs. His caregiver states that he has a history of hydrocephalus. You notice a bulge to the side of his head and feel something hard under the surface of the scalp. This is probably due to the presence of a a. Gastronomy tube b. Central venous line c. Ventriculoperitoneal shunt d. Intraventricular tube
Correct Answer: c. Ventriculoperitoneal shunt
Blood enters the system of veins starting with the: a. Capillaries b. Arterioles c. Venules d. Arteries
Correct Answer: c. Venules
Normal skin should feel: a. Cool b. Hot c. Warm d. Diaphoretic
Correct Answer: c. Warm
If you suspect that your patient has tuberculosis you should: a. Wear the standard surgical mask when treating the patient b. Place the HEPA respirator on the patient c. Wear a HEPA respirator when treating the patient d. Transport the patient rapidly, with the ambulances exhaust fan on high
Correct Answer: c. Wear a HEPA respirator when treating the patient
Your patient, a 27 year old female who is pregnant with her second child, tell you, "my water broke an hour ago". This should alert you that the patient: a. Has signs and symptoms of shock b. Is pregnant with twins c. Will have her baby fairly soon d. Is having a miscarriage
Correct Answer: c. Will have her baby fairly soon
Once your ambulance has responded to a call, a. Only dispatch can cancel you b. You must transport the patient c. You have a duty to act d. You can cancel only if another responder is on the scene
Correct Answer: c. You have a duty to act
When you are in doubt of the validity of a living will or DNR, a. Follow the family's wishes b. Contact your supervisor c. You have an obligation to resuscitate d. Call the patients physician
Correct Answer: c. You have an obligation to resuscitate
Your patient has been stung by a bee. You notice the stinger is still visible. How would you remove the stinger? a. You would stick a piece of tape on the area then quickly pull it off b. Using a gloved hand, you would attempt to pull the stinger out with your fingers c. You would scrape it out using a plastic card d. You would not attempt to remove the stinger
Correct Answer: c. You would scrape it out using a plastic card
The index of suspicion is MOST accurately defined as: a. The way in which traumatic injuries occur b. A predictable pattern that leads to serious injuries c. Your awareness and concern for potentially serious underlying injuries d. The detection of less obvious life threatening injuries
Correct Answer: c. Your awareness and concern for potential serious underlying injuries
The first stage of labor begins with the: a. Presentation of the head b. Rupture of the amniotic sac c. onset of contractions d. Full dilation of the cervix
Correct Answer: c. onset of contractions
The head accounts for what percentage of body surface area in a pediatric patient? a. 9% b. 4.5% c. 14% d. 18%
Correct Answer: d. 18%
You are assessing a child who has sustained burns to his entire anterior legs bilaterally and to his anterior right arm. He has a burned body surface area of __________ a. 22.5% b. 27% c. 23% d. 18.5%
Correct Answer: d. 18.5%
How many bones are in the vertebral column? a. 35 b. 22 c. 26 d. 33
Correct Answer: d. 33
In order to control the flow rate of oxygen to the patient you must: a. Select the right sized tank b. Select the right sized tubing c. Open the valve on the tank d. Adjust the regulator setting
Correct Answer: d. Adjust the regulator setting
What is the general rule for administration of high- flow oxygen in the field? a. Administer high flow oxygen only under specific online medical direction b. Do not administer high- flow oxygen to patients with obvious signs of shock c. Do not administer high - flow oxygen to children, elderly or pregnant patients d. Administer high flow oxygen to all patients who are in respiratory distress
Correct Answer: d. Administer high flow oxygen to all patients who are in respiratory distress
Normal breathing has which of the following characteristics? a. Regular chest rise and fall b. Movement of the abdomen c. A normal rate and rhythm d. All of the above
Correct Answer: d. All of the above
Which if the following is an indication of cardiac compromise? a. Increased pulse rate b. Altered mental status c. Agitation d. All of the above
Correct Answer: d. All of the above
Which of the following is a component of the MSDS? a. Reactivity data b. Health hazard data c. The boiling point d. All of the above
Correct Answer: d. All of the above
You are assessing a patient who has a history of behavioral emergencies and hostile tendencies. What should be a major clue for the possibility of danger? a. A patient's violent history b. The patient's posture c. The level of patients distress d. All of the above
Correct Answer: d. All of the above
You are one the scene with a patient who is complaining of chest pain. Nitroglycerine is indicated because: a. He states that he has taken Viagra four days ago b. His blood pressure is 106/80 c. His pain has increased from three to five on a one to ten scale d. All of the above
Correct Answer: d. All of the above
The dilation or ballooning of a weakened area in the wall of an artery is called: a. Arteriosclerosis b. Thrombus c. Embolism d. Aneurysm
Correct Answer: d. Aneurysm
One of the earliest signs of carcinogenic shock is: a. Pale skin b. Increased pulse rate c. Rapid shallow breathing d. Anxiety
Correct Answer: d. Anxiety
Your patient, a 45 year old female is still seated in her car after a crash. She does not appear to be in a life threatening situation. What technique should you use to immobilize her spine? a. Logroll her directly on to the ground; then apply a long spine board b. Have her get out of the car; then immobilize her while standing c. Apply cervical collar before assisting her out of the car d. Apply a short spine board and then transfer her to a long spine board
Correct Answer: d. Apply a short board and then transfer her to a long spine board
Threatening to forcibly restrain a mentally competent patient in order to transport him could be considered: a. Battery b. Slander c. Kidnapping d. Assault
Correct Answer: d. Assault
You are assessing a patient who has been ejected from a car. He is breathing four times per minute and has an open fracture to his right femur. What should you do first? a. Stop the bleeding from the femur fracture and apply a splint b. Apply high flow oxygen via non-rebreathing mask c. Assess distal pulses d. Assist ventilations with a BVM
Correct Answer: d. Assist ventilations with a BVM
Secondary decontamination is performed in the ____________ a. Cold zone b. Warm zone c. Shower area d. At the hospital
Correct Answer: d. At the hospital
During emergencies, the ___________ redirects blood away from other organs and sends it to the brain, lungs, and kidneys a. Cardiovascular system b. Circulatory system c. Somatic nervous system d. Autonomic nervous system
Correct Answer: d. Autonomic nervous system
During your assessment of a patient, you note that her skin is very pale. Which of the following would most likely be the cause? a. Fever b. Hypertension c. Carbon monoxide poisoning d. Blood loss
Correct Answer: d. Blood loss
What is the artery that is located in the upper arm and is palpated in infants to determine a pulse? a. Radial artery b. Popliteal artery c. Femoral artery d. Brachial artery
Correct Answer: d. Brachial artery
___________________ are found in all parts of the body and allow for the exchange of waste and nutrients at the cellular level a. Arterioles b. Venules c. Alveoli d. Capillaries
Correct Answer: d. Capillaries
The most serious concern with an electrical burn is: a. Electrolyte imbalance b. Destruction of limbs involved c. The amount of electricity the patient came in contact with d. Cardiac arrest or dysrhythmia
Correct Answer: d. Cardiac arrest or dysrhythmia
The last portion of tracheal cartilage that separates the opening into the right and left mainstream bronchi is the a. Epiglottis b. Vallecula c. Larynx d. Carina
Correct Answer: d. Carina
When a mother is in true labor, a. There will be a brownish color bloody show b. Pain starts and stays in the lower abdomen c. Contractions are intermittent d. Change in position does not relieve contractions
Correct Answer: d. Change in position does not relieve contractions
Which type of breathing is characterized by irregular respirations followed by a period of apnea? a. Kussmaul's respirations b. Agonal respirations c. Retractions d. Cheyne- Stokes respirations
Correct Answer: d. Cheyne- Stokes respirations
You have contacted the ED for medical direction. The physician has ordered you to assist the patient with the administration of his inhaler and administer two puffs. You should: a. Administer the medication b. Shake the inhaler prior to administration c. Ask the patient if he has any allergies d. Clearly and slowly repeat the orders back to the physician
Correct Answer: d. Clearly and slowly repeat the orders back to the physician
Ethnocentrism is defined as: a. Understanding that people from different cultural backgrounds respond to pain and stress differently b. Suspecting that a person has an ulterior motive based on the tone of his or her voice when answering a question c. Subconsciously forcing your cultural values onto a patient because you feel that your own values are more acceptable d. Considering your own cultural values to be more important when interacting with people of a different culture
Correct Answer: d. Considering your own cultural values to be more important when interacting with people of a different culture
You are dispatched to a minor MVC. The patient, sitting on the curb side, tells you that he was just bitten by antes and has severe allergies to many insect bites. His skin is currently warm and dry, and he doesn't appear to be in distress. You should: a. Administer Benadryl b. Administer an EpiPen c. Apply high flow oxygen d. Continue with your physical exam
Correct Answer: d. Continue with your physical exam
You are assessing a patient who is complaining of chest pain by obtaining a set of vital signs. The top number of the blood pressure is caused by: a. Atrial kick b. Contraction of the atria c. Filling of the ventricles d. Contraction of the left ventricles
Correct Answer: d. Contraction of the left ventricles
You are assessing a patient who has bruising and black and blue discoloration to the skin this is also called: a. Erythema b. Hematoma c. Eczema d. Contusion
Correct Answer: d. Contusion
What is there tern that identifies the three signs that are indicative of increased intracranial pressure? a. Cullen's sign b. Becks triad c. Battle signs d. Cushing's triad
Correct Answer: d. Cushing's triad
When a patient is in anaphylaxis, the exaggerated immune response causes blood vessels to ____________ and the airway passages to __________________ a. Constrict, Dilate b. Dilate, Dilate c. Constrict, Constrict d. Dilate, Constrict
Correct Answer: d. Dilate, Constrict
A percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) restores blood flow to the ischemic myocardium by: a. Scraping fatty deposits off of the lumen of the coronary artery b. By passing the coronary artery with a vessel from the chest or the leg c. Placing a stent inside the coronary artery to keep it from narrowing d. Dilating the affected coronary artery with a small inflatable balloon
Correct Answer: d. Dilating the affected coronary artery with a small inflatable balloon
The removal of a motor vehicle from around a patient is called: a. Disentrapment b. Extrication c. Extraction d. Disentanglement
Correct Answer: d. Disentanglement
Cool, clammy skin that is a sign of shock results from: a. A rise in the patients temperature b. The body's attempt to increase the vascular space c. Decreased heart rate and blood pressure d. Diversion of blood flow to the vital organs
Correct Answer: d. Diversion of blood flow to the vital organs
If the scene is NOT safe, a. Enter slowly and cautiously b. Call for additional units c. Contact medical control d. Do not enter
Correct Answer: d. Do not enter
You are dispatched to a patient who is complaining of shortness of breath. This is also called: a. Orthopnea b. Dysphagia c. Tachypnea d. Dyspnea
Correct Answer: d. Dyspnea
What is the best indicator of correct tube placement? a. Direct visualization b. Chest rise and fall c. Oxygen saturation monitory d. ETCO2 monitoring
Correct Answer: d. ETCO2 monitoring
Which of the following are the correct four links in the chain of survival, which is recommended by the American Heart Association for successful care of prehospital cardiac arrest victims? a. Early access to emergency care, early ventilations, early defibrillation and early advanced care b. Early access to the hospital, early ventilations, early defibrillation and early advanced care c. Early access to emergency care, early cardiac monitoring, early defibrillation and early advanced care d. Early access to emergency care, early CPR, early defibrillation, and early advance care
Correct Answer: d. Early access to emergency care, early CPR, early defibrillation, and early advance care
The leaf shaped structure that covers and prevents food and other foreign matter from entering the trachea is the_____________ a. Uvula b. Larynx c. Thyroid cartilage d. Epiglottis
Correct Answer: d. Epiglottis
The mechanical device that uses negative uses negative pressure to differentiate tracheal from esophageal intubation is a: a. Capnographer b. Capnometer c. End- tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) detector d. Esophageal detector device (EDD)
Correct Answer: d. Esophageal detector device (EDD)
Where would you find a fractured malar bone? a. Ankle b. Foot c. Wrist d. Face
Correct Answer: d. Face --> (specifically the cheek)
Which of the following is LEAST important when obtaining medical history from a patient complaining of chest discomfort: a. History of cigarette smoking b. History of previous heart attack c. Presence of risk factors d. Family history of hypertension
Correct Answer: d. Family history of hypertension
When inserting a nasopharyngeal airway, the curvature of the device should follow the ____________ of the nose a. Top b. Side c. Septum d. Floor
Correct Answer: d. Floor
Your patient has had battery acid splashed in his eyes and now has no vision. Which of the following treatments would be most appropriate? a. Immediately neutralize the acid with a base, such as baking soda b. Cover both eyes with a sterile dressing c. Flush the affected eye with normal saline for ten minutes d. Flush both eyes with eyewash and normal saline for ten minutes
Correct Answer: d. Flush both eyes with eyewash and normal saline for ten minutes
SAMPLE history, rapid trauma assessment, and baseline vital signs are all components of the: a. Detailed physical exam b. Initial assessment c. Scene Size up d. Focused history and medical exam
Correct Answer: d. Focused history and medical exam
When suctioning a pediatric patient, you should suction: a. Until the foreign body is removed b. Until the return of spontaneous respirations c. Using only a French catheter d. For only 10 seconds at a time
Correct Answer: d. For only 10 seconds at a time
Early advanced care is the____________ link in the chain of survival a. Third b. First c. Second d. Fourth
Correct Answer: d. Fourth
The orbit ( eye socket) is made up of what bones? a. Frontal, maxillae and sphenoid b. Frontal mandible, and zygoma c. Zygoma, temporal and frontal d. Frontal zygoma and maxillae
Correct Answer: d. Frontal zygoma and maxillae
The most common complication from the use of a flow- restricted, oxygen- powered ventilation device is: a. Tension pneumothorax b. Hyperventilation c. Decreased oxygen saturation d. Gastic distention
Correct Answer: d. Gastic distention
To slow bleeding after childbirth, a. Place a sanitary pad on the vagina b. Apply direct pressure to the vagina c. Pack the vagina with gauze d. Gently massage the mother's abdomen
Correct Answer: d. Gently massage the mother's abdomen
You have been dispatched to a patient who has fallen through a pane of glass and has a possible arterial bleed. The minimum BSI precautions you should take are: a. Gloves b. Gloves and gown c. A gown and eye protection d. Gloves and eye protection
Correct Answer: d. Gloves and eye protection
In order to determine whether an infant is responsive to verbal stimuli you would: a. Say the child's name b. Ask the child his or her name c. Make a sudden loud noise d. Have a parent speak to the child
Correct Answer: d. Have a parent speak to the child
A 70 year old male is complaining of chest pain and shortness of breath. He is alert with pale, cool, sweaty skin. his pulse is 100, BP is 136/64 and respirations 24. Upon auscultation, you can hear crackles in the lung fields. Which of the following actions would be appropriate? a. Have the patient lie flat because he could be in shock b. Provide oxygen at 2 L/min using a nasal cannula c. Administer nitroglycerin that is prescribed to the patients wife d. Have the patient sit up to assist with his breathing effort
Correct Answer: d. Have the patient sit up to assist with his breathing
Patients who do not produce insulin at all a. Have type 2 diabetes b. Are hypoglycemic c. Have normal blood sugar levels d. Have type 1 diabetes
Correct Answer: d. Have type 1 diabetes
You are assessing a patient who has suffered from a significant fall. He begins to vomit bright red blood. this is called: a. Melena b. Hemoptysis c. Hematuria d. Hematemesis
Correct Answer: d. Hematemesis
The spitting up of blood is called: a. Epistaxis b. Hemolysis c. Hematuria d. Hemoptysis
Correct Answer: d. Hemoptysis
A danger zone is an area where individuals can be exposed to hazardous materials, toxic substances sharp metals, etc. This zone is also referred to as a: a. Warm zone b. Cold zone c. Quarantine zone d. Hot zone
Correct Answer: d. Hot zone
The three signs that make up Cushing's triad are: a. Decreased blood pressure, decreased pulse, abnormal respirations b. Increased blood pressure, Increased pulse and abnormal respirations c. Decreased blood pressure, increased pulse and abnormal respirations d. Increased blood pressure, decreased pulse and abnormal respirations
Correct Answer: d. Increased blood pressure, decreased pulse and abnormal respirations
You may encounter patients who have had their larynx removed. This procedure is called a: a. Stoma b. Tracheostomy c. Cricothryroidotomy d. Laryngectomy
Correct Answer: d. Laryngectomy
Your medical patient is experiencing clinical signs of shock. You should: a. Lay the patient flat on his stomach b.Lay the patient flat on his back c. Sit the patient up d. Lay the patient flat on his back with his legs elevated
Correct Answer: d. Lay the patient on his back with his legs elevated
If a patient is found lying on his left side, he is found in what position? a. Prone b. Supine c. Fowler's d. Left lateral recumbent
Correct Answer: d. Left lateral recumbent
While suctioning if you cannot clear a patients mouth in 15 seconds, you should: a. Immediately suction the airway again b. Suction the nose along with the mouth c. Suction for 15 more seconds and reassess d. Logroll the patient to clear the mouth
Correct Answer: d. Logroll the patient to clear the mouth
Which of the following is NOT cause for fetal bradycardia? a. Epidural medications b. Hypoxia c. Narcotics d. Maternal anxiety
Correct Answer: d. Maternal anxiety
________________ is the oversight of all patient care aspects in EMS a. Incident command b. The emergency medical dispatcher c. The standard operating procedures guide d. Medical direction
Correct Answer: d. Medical direction
You are assessing a patient who has inhaled a poisonous substance and has no signs of trauma. You should initially: a. Apply high flow oxygen b. Identify the substance c. Call poison control d. Move the patient to the fresh air
Correct Answer: d. Move the patient to the fresh air
The failure to provide the same standard of care that a person with similar training would provide is called: a. Breach of duty b. Deviation of protocols c. Deviation of standard of care d. Negligence
Correct Answer: d. Negligence
What is the condition when a diver starts acting strangely and out of character after diving too deeply or for too long? a. Diving response b. Mammalian diving reflex c. Decompression sickness d. Nitrogen narcosis
Correct Answer: d. Nitrogen Narcosis
Which is NOT a required element for an accusation of negligence to hold up in the court of law? a. Damages b. Breach of duty c. Duty to act d. None of the above
Correct Answer: d. None of the above
Which of the following is NOT a function of the skin? a. Fluid balance b. Temperature regulation c. Protection d. None of the above
Correct Answer: d. None of the above
You just completed a rapid physical exam on an unresponsive 65 year old female. Your next action should be to: a. Take a history of the present illness b. Gather a SAMPLE history c. Perform a focused physical exam d. Obtain baseline vital signs
Correct Answer: d. Obtain baseline vital signs
Your patient is an infant who is apneic with a pulse. This patient should be ventilated with _______________ breath(s) every ___________ seconds a. One, five to sex b. Two, three c. Two, five, six d. One, three
Correct Answer: d. One, three
When at a landing zone, how should the aircraft be approached? a. From the rear b. From the side c. Depends on the make and model of the aircraft d. Only when accompanied by a flight crew member
Correct Answer: d. Only when accompanied by a flight crew member
You are dispatched to the park basketball courts for a patient who is complaining of severe crushing chest pain. Upon arrival, you find the patient unresponsive. Your first action should be to: a. Check for a pulse b. Apply an AED c. Interview bystanders d. Open and assess his airway
Correct Answer: d. Open and assess his airway
The glottis is the: a. Soft tissue at the base of the tongue b. Nasopharynx and oropharynx c. Midaxillary intercostal muscles d. Opening between the pharynx and the trachea
Correct Answer: d. Opening between the pharynx and the trachea
What is a false belief in which a patient believes he or she is being harmed, followed or persecuted? a. Schizophrenia b. Psychosis c. Anxiety d. Paranoia
Correct Answer: d. Paranoia
A ______________ is a microorganism that is capable of causing disease in a host. a. Vector b. Spore c. Droplet d. Pathogen
Correct Answer: d. Pathogen
Which of the following interventions is the MOST critical to the outcome of a patient with multi system trauma? a. Intravenous fluid administration b. Early administration of oxygen c. Elevation of the lower extremities d. Rapid transport to a trauma center
Correct Answer: d. Rapid transport to a trauma center
When assessing breathing look for: a. Rate rhythm and ease b. Rate strength and depth c. Rate depth and rhythm d. Rate depth and ease
Correct Answer: d. Rate depth and ease
Your partner is obtaining a history from a patient and asked the question, "Can you point to the pace where it hurts with one finger?" This question would represent what part of the OPQRST evaluation? a. Onset b. Provocation c. Quality d. Region/ Radiation
Correct Answer: d. Region/ Radiation
You have inserted a nasopharyngeal airway and the patient is not tolerant of it. You should: a. Insert the device in the other nostril b. Administer a sedative c. Try to calm the patient d. Remove the device
Correct Answer: d. Remove the device
If a potentially life- threatening condition is identified during the detailed physical exam you should: a. Contact medical control b. Change treatment modalities c. Reconsider transport decision d. Return to the initial assessment
Correct Answer: d. Return to the initial assessment
Which of the following is considered a member of the incident management system's command staff? a. Operations officer b. Incident commander c. Section chief d. Safety officer
Correct Answer: d. Safety officer
What kind of shock is caused by severe infections that abnormally dilate blood vessels? a. Psychogenic b. Hypovolemic c. Neurogenic d. Septic
Correct Answer: d. Septic
Your patient, a trauma victim has flat jugular veins while she is lying down. what is this a sign of? a. Increased intracranial pressure b. Respiratory distress c. Spinal injury d. Severe blood loss
Correct Answer: d. Severe blood loss
What condition should be suspected in all patients with vaginal bleeding? a. Assault b. Pregnancy c. Trauma d. Shock
Correct Answer: d. Shock
Pupils that are constricted are: a. Normal sized b. Unequal c. Larger than normal d. Smaller than normal
Correct Answer: d. Smaller than normal
Your partner has just intubated the patient. You should first listen over the ___________ to confirm tube placement. a. Sternum b. Right side of the chest c. Left Side of the chest d. Stomach
Correct Answer: d. Stomach
When birth is imminent, the mother should be placed a. In a position of comfort b. Left lateral recumbent c. In a seated position d. Supine with her knees up and spread apart
Correct Answer: d. Supine with her knees up and spread apart
The structures that connect muscles to bones are: a. Ligamnents b. Cartilage c. Joints d. Tendons
Correct Answer: d. Tendons
The largest organ in the body is __________ a. The liver b. The heart c. The brain d. The skin
Correct Answer: d. The skin
Which of the following statements regarding gunshot wounds is correct? a. High velocity bullets will cause less severe internal injuries b. The size of a bullet has the greatest impact on injury produced c. Low velocity bullets will cause the greatest amount of trauma d. The speed of a bullet has the greatest impact on the injury produced
Correct Answer: d. The speed of a bullet has the greatest impact on the injury produced
What would be a normal pulse rate for a child between the ages of 1- 3 years old?
Correct Answer: - 80 to 130 BPM
The EMT's primary concern is: a. To provide fast efficient care to injured or ill patients b. A duty to act c. To avoid litigation d. Their safety and the safety of other team members
Correct Answer: d. Their safety and the safety of other team members
Cardiac input may decrease if the heart beats too rapidly because: a. A rapid heart beat causes a decrease in the strength of cardiac contractions b. The volume of blood that returns to the heart is not sufficient with fast heart rates c. As the heart rate increases, more blood is pumped from the ventricles than the atria d. There is not enough time in between contractions for the heart to refill completely
Correct Answer: d. There is not enough time in between contractions for the heart to refill completely
In addition to the APGAR score, your documentation of the infant should include the: a. Infants name b. Equipment used in the delivery c. Names of the personnel on scene d. Time of birth
Correct Answer: d. Time of birth
Which of the following is a sign of a tension pneumothorax? a. Chest pain b. Decreased oxygen saturation c. Tachypnea d. Tracheal deviation
Correct Answer: d. Tracheal deviation
Patients who have severe difficulty breathing are usually found in what position? a. High fowler's b. Trendelenburg's c. Semi- fowler's d. Tripod
Correct Answer: d. Tripod
When should the PASG be removed in the field? a. When the patient regains consciousness b. When the patient become normotensive c. When pulmonary edema develops d. Under no circumstances
Correct Answer: d. Under no circumstances
Once oxygen-poor blood passes through the capillaries, it moves to the a. Skin b. Arterioles c. Veins d. Venules
Correct Answer: d. Venules
The electrode that is placed either on the right arm or just below the right clavicle is what color? a. Red b. Black c. Yellow d. White
Correct Answer: d. White
You are dispatched to respond to.a patient who has burn to his chest. Your top priority should be: a. To ascertain the source of the burn b. The patient's airway compromise c. If there is a need for additional units d. Your safety
Correct Answer: d. Your safety
What is another word for the cheek bone? a. Orbit b. Malar bone c. Ethmoid bone d. Zygomatic bone
Correct Answer: d. Zygomatic bone
What medication is used in auto injectors to treat anaphylaxis?
Correct Answer: - Epinephrine
What is the ideal maximum on scene time for a call involving serious trauma?
Correct Answer: - 10 minutes
What is the normal blood glucose level for a child?
Correct Answer: - 100 - 125 mmdL
What is the normal blood glucose level for an adult?
Correct Answer: - 100 - 125 mmdL
What is the normal pulse range of a newborn to 1 year old?
Correct Answer: - 100 to 160 bpm
What is the normal respirations for an adult?
Correct Answer: - 12 to 20 breaths per minute
According to the rule of nines, how much does a child's neck and head account for?
Correct Answer: - 12%
What is the normal blood pressure for an adult?
Correct Answer: - 120/80 mmHg
According to the rule of nines how much does an infants leg account for?
Correct Answer: - 13.5%
According to the rule of nines, how much does a child's leg account for?
Correct Answer: - 16.5%
According to rule of nines how much does an infants torso account for?
Correct Answer: - 18%
According to the rule of nines how much does an infants back account for?
Correct Answer: - 18%
According to the rule of nines, how much does a child's abdomen account for?
Correct Answer: - 18%
According to the rule of nines, how much does a childs back account for?
Correct Answer: - 18%
According to the rule of nines, how much does an adults abdomen account for?
Correct Answer: - 18%
According to the rule of nines, how much does an adults back account for?
Correct Answer: - 18%
According to the rule of nines, how much does an infants head and neck account for?
Correct Answer: - 18%
What is the normal respiration rate for a toddler (1-5 years old)?
Correct Answer: - 20 to 30
What is the normal respirations range of a newborn to 1 year old?
Correct Answer: - 20 to 30 breath per minute (40-50 right after birth)
What is the normal respiration rate for a school aged child (6-12 years old)?
Correct Answer: - 20 to 30 breaths per minute
How many vertebrae are in the human spine?
Correct Answer: - 33 vertebrae
How many rescuers are needed for the Diamond Carry? And where should they be positioned?
Correct Answer: - 4 rescuers -One at the head, One at the feet, one on each side of the patient
How many vertebrae are in the coccyx?
Correct Answer: - 4 vertebrae (fused)
What is normal blood pressure for a toddler (1-5 years old)?
Correct Answer: - 70 to 110 (systolic) mmHg
What is the normal pulse range for a school aged child (6-12 years old)?
Correct Answer: - 70 to 110 beats per minute
What is the normal blood pressure of a newborn to infant?
Correct Answer: - 70 to 90 (systolic) mmHg
What is the normal blood pressure for a school aged child (6- 12 years old)?
Correct Answer: - 80 to 120 (systolic) mmHg
What is pre-eclampsia?
Correct Answer: - A condition occurring in late pregnancy that involves headaches, visual changes, swelling of hand and feet generally caused by hypertension (NO seizures)
What is flail chest?
Correct Answer: - A condition where 2 or more ribs are fractured in or more places and the segment of the chest wall is effectively detached from the rest of the chest wall
What is status epilepticus?
Correct Answer: - A continuation of seizures ( 2 or more) without the patient regaining consciousness or a seizure lasting 10 minutes or longer
What is spina bifida?
Correct Answer: - A development defect in which part of the spinal cord or meninges may protrude outside of the vertebrae and potentially outside of the body (usually at lower third of the spine)
What is a vector borne disease?
Correct Answer: - A disease that is carried by an infectious microbe and transmitted to people via blood sucking arthropods ( mosquito/ tick)
What is a tension pneumothorax?
Correct Answer: - A life threatening collection of air within the pleural space --- The volume and pressure of the air have collapsed the involved lung
What is surfactant?
Correct Answer: - A liquid protein substance that coats the alveoli in the lungs, decreases alveolar surface tension and keeps the alveoli expanded
What is the rule of the palm?
Correct Answer: - A method of assessing the total burn surface area of a burn victimizing only the palm of the patients hand - Patients hand = about 1% the total body surface
What is a direct ground lift?
Correct Answer: - A method of lifting and carrying a patient from ground level to a stretcher in which two or more rescuers kneel, curl the patient to their chests, stand, then reverse the process to lower the patient to the stretcher
What is a suspension in terms of giving medication?
Correct Answer: - A mixture of ground particles that are distributed evenly throughout a liquid but does not dissolve into the liquid
What is an emergency move?
Correct Answer: - A move in which the patient is dragged or pulled out of an IDLH environment before being assessed or receiving care
What is an extremity lift?
Correct Answer: - A move performed by two rescuers, one lifting the patient's arms and one lifting the patient's legs
What is capnography?
Correct Answer: - A non- invasive method that can quickly and efficiently provide information on a patients ventilatory status, circulation and metabolism by monitoring their CO2 output ( primarily used in hospitals for anesthesia)
What is a subluxation?
Correct Answer: - A partial dislocation
What is traumatic asphyxia?
Correct Answer: - A pattern of injuries seen after a severe force is applied to the chest, forcing blood from major vessels back into the head and neck
What is PEA?
Correct Answer: - A rhythm that appears to have electrical activity but is not sufficient to stimulate effective cardiac contractions
What is the APGAR scoring system?
Correct Answer: - A scoring system which assesses the status of a newborn in their first and fifth minute of life --- the scoring system assesses 5 different areas ( activity, pulse, grimace, appearance and respirations) and assigns each area a number from 0-2 (higher number = better performance in that area
What is a febrile seizure?
Correct Answer: - A seizure caused by a sudden and fever ( normally associated with infections)
What is recovery position?
Correct Answer: - A side lying position used to maintain a clear airway in unconscious patients without injuries who are breathing adequately
What is cardiogenic shock?
Correct Answer: - A state in which not enough oxygen is delivered to the tissues of the body caused by low output of blood from the heart. (it can be a severe complication of a large acute myocardial infarction)
What is a CVA?
Correct Answer: - A stroke
What causes decompression sickness?
Correct Answer: - A sudden/ extreme decrease in pressure (ex: coming up to quickly from an underwater dive) ( also called the bends)
What is a multi-system trauma?
Correct Answer: - A traumatic injury that involves more than one organ system
What does Multigravid mean?
Correct Answer: - A woman who has been pregnant more than once
What is primigravida?
Correct Answer: - A woman who is pregnant for the first time
Retractions maybe present in a patient with an increased work of breathing. Where would you see this accessory muscle use?
Correct Answer: - Above the clavicles - Under the sternum - Between the ribs (intercostal muscles)
What is asystole?
Correct Answer: - Absence of a heart rate.
What is APGAR stand for?
Correct Answer: - Activity - Pulse - Grimace - Appearance - Respirations
Why is the insertion of a nasopharyngeal airway contraindicated in patients with significant facial trauma?
Correct Answer: - Airway may pass into the cranium or sinus cavity
What are common finding is patient with low blood sugar?
Correct Answer: - Altered mental status - Possible loss of consciousness
What is patient advocacy?
Correct Answer: - An EMT speaking up for their patient and making sure that the patients needs are addressed
What is a sprain?
Correct Answer: - An injury that involves the stretching and/or tearing of a ligament or tendon
Your patient has suffered a penetrating wound to his chest wall, what type of dressing should be applied?
Correct Answer: - An occlusive dressing
How do you treat a sucking chest wound?
Correct Answer: - An occlusive dressing to prevent air from entering, leaving one side un- sealed to allow for excess air to escape during expiration
What is a sucking chest wound?
Correct Answer: - An open or penetrating chest wall wound through which air passes during inspiration snd expiration creating a sucking sound (air gets sucked into wound) (aka: Open pnuemothorax)
What is the dead space in the lung?
Correct Answer: - Any area outside the alveoli where gas exchange does NOT occur
What is the largest artery in the cardiovascular system?
Correct Answer: - Aorta
What are the criteria for the use of an AED?
Correct Answer: - Apneic - Unconscious - Unresponsive - Pulseless
How do you apply a PASG?
Correct Answer: - Apply garment so that the top is below the lowest rib - Enclose both legs and abdomen in the garment - Open the stopcocks to the compartments you are planning to inflate - Inflate garment with foot pump until splint feels firm - Check patients BP and vital signs
What should be placed directly over an open wound to control bleeding an protect from infection?
Correct Answer: - Bandage/ direct pressure dressing
During a detailed physical exam of a trauma patient, what are you checking the ears for?
Correct Answer: - Battle signs ( ecchymosis) - CSF ( cerebral spinal fluid) - DCAP- BTLS - Blood
Why is aspirin given to a patient complaining of chest pain?
Correct Answer: - Because aspirin helps prevent blood clots
What is the normal electrical pathway of a normal functioning heart?
Correct Answer: - Begins in the right atria at the SA node --> travels to AV node ( atrioventricular) located in the interatrial septum --> to the purkinje fibers located along the walls of the ventricles
Where is the bicuspid valve located?
Correct Answer: - Between the left atrium and left ventricle
Where is the aortic valve located?
Correct Answer: - Between the left ventricle and the aorta
Where is the tricuspid valve located?
Correct Answer: - Between the right atrium and the right ventricle
What are the two main causes of strokes?
Correct Answer: - Brain bleed (hemorrhagic) - Blood clot (ischemic)
Without a thermometer, how would you check the skin temperature of your patient?
Correct Answer: - By placing the back of your gloved hand on the persons forehead and/or cheeks
What is the most commonly inhaled poison that is characterized by its lack of odor, color and taste?
Correct Answer: - Carbon monoxide
What conditions could cause the pulse oximeter to get false readings?
Correct Answer: - Carbon monoxide - Sickle cell anemia - COPD - Bright light - Nail polish - Hypovolemia
What is the formula for cardiac output?
Correct Answer: - Cardiac output = stroke volume x heart rate
What type of shock would be a contraindication for the use of PASG's
Correct Answer: - Cardiogenic shock would be a contraindication
What does CVA stand for?
Correct Answer: - Cerebral Vascular Accident
What is stable angina?
Correct Answer: - Chest pain that is of coronary origin and relieved by resting/ sitting and nitroglycerin
What does COPD stand for?
Correct Answer: - Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
What does the anatomical term "Medial" refer to?
Correct Answer: - Closer to the midline ( horizontally)
When assessing the skin what do you assess?
Correct Answer: - Color - Temperature - Condition
What is cardiac tamponade?
Correct Answer: - Compression of the heart as the result of build up of blood/ other fluids in the pericardial sac leading to decreased cardiac output
What are the ways that the body can lose heat?
Correct Answer: - Convection - Conduction - Radiation - Evaporation - Respiration
What is hemoptysis?
Correct Answer: - Coughing up blood
What distinctive lung sounds would you expect to hear if your patient has pulmonary edema?
Correct Answer: - Crackles/ Rales
What is subcutaneous emphysema?
Correct Answer: - Crackling sound or sensation caused by trapped air underneath the skin
What are signs and symptoms you may see associated with rib fractures?
Correct Answer: - Crepitus - Deformities - Dyspnea / painful respirations
What does DCAP-BTLS stand for?
Correct Answer: - D: Deformities - C: Contusions - A: Abrasions - P: Punctures - B: Burns - T: Tenderness - L: Lacerations - S: Swelling
What is hypocarbia (hypocapnia)?
Correct Answer: - Decreased amount of CO2 in the bloodstream?
What are Kussmaul respirations?
Correct Answer: - Deep, rapid respirations characteristic of acidosis
What is the definition of the scope of practice?
Correct Answer: - Defined by state laws, it outlines the care that you are able to provide legally
What is the term used for the severe reaction to alcohol withdrawal, characterized by sweating, trembling, anxiety and hallucinations?
Correct Answer: - Delirium tremens
What government department is responsible for creating the EMT curriculum?
Correct Answer: - Department of Transportation
What do end- tidal CO2 detectors do?
Correct Answer: - Detect CO2 amounts when you exhale
There are two pathways that the body can travel along in a frontal collision when not restrained. What are the two pathways?
Correct Answer: - Forward/ up and over --> into steering wheel/ over the steering wheel - Under/ downward --> sliding below/ under the dashboard
What is the best method to size an NPA?
Correct Answer: - From the base of the nostrils to the earlobe
What categorizes a burn as a minor burn?
Correct Answer: - Full thickness burns covering less than 2% of the body surface area - Partial thickness burns covering less than 15% of the body surface area - Superficial burns cover less than 50% of the body
What categorizes a burn as a moderate burn?
Correct Answer: - Full thickness burns involving 2% to 10% of the body - Partial thickness burns involving 15% to 30% of the body - Superficial burns covering more than 50% of the body
What categorizes a burn as a severe burn?
Correct Answer: - Full thickness burns involving the hands, feet, face, upper airway and genitalia - Circumferential burns - Full thickness burns covering more then 10% of the body - Partial thickness burns covering more than 30% of the body - Burns associated with respiratory injury ( ex: smoke inhalation - Burns that are complicated by fractures
What does GCS stand for?
Correct Answer: - Glasgow Coma Scale
What type of PPE should be apart of an obstetrical kit?
Correct Answer: - Gloves - Googles/ eye shield - Gown - Face mask
What does the acronym HEENT stand for?
Correct Answer: - H: Head - E: Ears - E: Eyes - N: Nose - T: Throat
What does HIPAA stand for?
Correct Answer: - H: health - I: insurance - P: Portability - A: Accountability - A: Act
What are the two types of strokes?
Correct Answer: - Hemorrhagic - Ischemic
What is hyperlipidemia?
Correct Answer: - High cholesterol
What is Cushing's triad?
Correct Answer: - Hypertension, bradycardia, irregular respirations
What is Beck's triad?
Correct Answer: - Hypotension, Muffled Heart Sounds, JVD **Caracteristic for Cardiac Tamponade**
What are the reasons why a healthy patient may have delayed capillary refill?
Correct Answer: - Hypothermia (body temperature) - Medications - Age ( elderly ) - Body positioning
What is the condition that is suspected when orthostatic vital signs are positive?
Correct Answer: - Hypovolemia
What are the major types of shock?
Correct Answer: - Hypovolemia - Cardiogenic - Anaphylaxis - Neurogenic
What are the contraindications for oral glucose?
Correct Answer: - If the pt is unconscious or unable to swallow
What should raise your index of suspicion for child abuse when you are treating a pediatric patients?
Correct Answer: - Inconsistent stories/ stories don't match - Injuries are inconsistent with the told MOI - Various unexplained bruises in various stages of healing - Abnormal reaction from child toward caregiver
What is hypercarbia?
Correct Answer: - Increased amount of CO2 in the blood stream
What does Cushing's triad indicate?
Correct Answer: - Increased intracranial pressure
What is respiratory distress?
Correct Answer: - Increased work of breathing/ Difficulty breathing a sensation of shortness of breath
Where cab skin. color be assessed to determine good perfusion in your patients?
Correct Answer: - Inner lip - lower eyelid ( conjunctiva) - Nail beds
What is Cullen's sign indicative of?
Correct Answer: - Intraperitoneal hemorrhage
How do you treat eclampsia?
Correct Answer: - Lay mom in left lateral recumbent position - Apply O2 - Maintain airway - Suction Vomit
What is transfer of care?
Correct Answer: - Leaving your patient with another qualified individual to care for them ( ex: Nurse, Doctor, paramedic)
What position should a third trimester pregnant patient be transported in?
Correct Answer: - Left lateral recumbent
What does hypoglycemia mean?
Correct Answer: - Low blood sugar
How should you treat a patient who presents with a flail chest?
Correct Answer: - Maintain airway --> Provide respiratory support (as needed) --> Administer oxygen --> Splinting/ immobilzing the flail chest --> Perform ongoing assessments
What is the units used to measure blood sugar levels?
Correct Answer: - Milligrams of glucose per deciliter of blood (mg/dL)
What are involuntary muscles?
Correct Answer: - Muscles that move automatically/ you can't control their movements ( Ex: digestive muscle/ cardiac muscles)
Your patient complains of shortness of breath and a feeling of heavy pressure in his chest. His respirations are 38, shallow. His pulse is 56 and irregular, and he reports a history of angina. Do you have enough information to assist the patient with his prescribe nitroglycerin?
Correct Answer: - NO - you need to assess his BP before administering nitroglycerin --- b/c hypotension is a contraindication for nitroglycerin
How long should you suction an infant for?
Correct Answer: - No more than 5 seconds
How long should you suction a pediatric patient for?
Correct Answer: - No more then 10 seconds
What are the contraindications to consider before using a prescribed epinephrine auto injector on a patient presenting with signs of a severe allergic reaction, including difficulty breathing?
Correct Answer: - None --- there are no contraindications when in a life threatening situation
Why is it important to place gentle pressure on the baby's head as soon as crowning occurs?
Correct Answer: - Placing pressure on the baby's head helps to prevent an explosive birth.... prevents injury to both mom and baby
What does PASG stand for?
Correct Answer: - Pneumatic anti-shock garment
What is the phase that immediately follows a seizure where the patients may remain unresponsive, have an altered LOC, become agitated or appear sleepy?
Correct Answer: - Postictal state
What does gravid mean?
Correct Answer: - Pregnant
What is the APGAR score used for?
Correct Answer: - Provides an organized method to assess newborn health status at 1 and 5 minute of life after birth (helps determine need for short term interventions does NOT determine long term well being)
What does PEA stand for?
Correct Answer: - Pulseless Electrical Activity
When assessing a pulse what should you assess?
Correct Answer: - Rate - Rhythm - Strength
What rescue methods should you consider before going into the water and swimming to rescue a patient?
Correct Answer: - Reach out your arm - Throw a floating object (rope) to tow/ pull your victim out - Row a boat/ raft out to the victim
After the use of an AED, your patient is awake. While on the stretcher your patient becomes unresponsive again. An assessment reveals no pulse and no breathing. What is your next step?
Correct Answer: - Reanalyze using AED and shock if indicated
What are Cheyne-Stokes respirations?
Correct Answer: - Respirations that involve periods of apnea alternating with periods of hyperventilation
What are the six things that you must know when considering what medications to administer to a patient?
Correct Answer: - Right dose - Right route - Right pt - Actions - Indications - Contraindications
What are the " four rights" when considering administering a medication to a patient?
Correct Answer: - Right pt - Right medication - Right dose - Right route
What is eclampsia?
Correct Answer: - Seizure resulting from severe hypertension in a pregnant woman
What is the visceral pleura?
Correct Answer: - Serous membrane that covers lungs
What is obstructive shock?
Correct Answer: - Shock that occurs when there is a block to blood flow in the heart or other vessels causing insufficient blood supply to the body's tissues
In a patient with a hip fracture, what might you notice in the lower extremity?
Correct Answer: - Shortening and rotation of the lower extremity of the affected hip
How should a correction be made on a PCR?
Correct Answer: - Single line through the error and the correct info written below/ beside it, then initialed ( never erase wrong info)
What are potential causes of low blood sugar in a diabetic pt?
Correct Answer: - Skipping meals - Too much insulin - Over exercising
Why is it important to select the proper sized blood pressure cuff?
Correct Answer: - So that you can get an accurate reading (BP cuff that is too loose may result in falsely low readings) (BP cuff that is too tight may result in falsely high reading)
What does SOAP stand for?
Correct Answer: - Subjective - Objective - Assessment - Plan (a documentation method)
What would be an appropriate intervention if your patient presented with the respiratory sound "gurgling"?
Correct Answer: - Suction if able to see fluids, provide high flow O2 and transport
What is positional asphyxia?
Correct Answer: - Suffocation that occurs when a pt is restrained improperly restricting the neck, chest wall and diaphragm
What is automaticity?
Correct Answer: - The ability of the heart to contract at its own rate independently from influence of the brain
What is an anuerysm?
Correct Answer: - The abnormal widening or swelling of a vessel, resulting from weakening of the vessels walls
What is residual volume?
Correct Answer: - The air that remains in the lungs after maximal expiration
Where can tarsals be found?
Correct Answer: - The ankle
What is the perineum?
Correct Answer: - The area of skin between the vagina and the anus
Why is a prolapsed cord dangerous to the baby?
Correct Answer: - The blood flow in the cord may become occluded depriving the baby of oxygen and nutrients
What is the name of the pressure point used to stop excessive bleeding from the arm?
Correct Answer: - The brachial pressure point
What does the term afterbirth describe?
Correct Answer: - The delivery of the placenta and other membranes that are expelled after child birth
What is hemolysis?
Correct Answer: - The destruction of red blood cells
What is the carrying method that should be used to carry a patient on a backboard or cot?
Correct Answer: - The diamond carry
What is an Evisceration?
Correct Answer: - The displacement of organs outside of the body
What is the fundus of the uterus?
Correct Answer: - The dome shaped top of the uterus
What is the name of the pressure point used to stop excessive bleeding from the leg?
Correct Answer: - The femoral pressure point
Who established command on scene?
Correct Answer: - The first emergency unit on scene - Command is then passed to more qualified/ higher ranking responders as they enter the scene
What is paradoxical motion?
Correct Answer: - The motion of a portion of chest wall that is detached in a flail chest --- chest moves in on inhalation and out on exhalation ( the opposite of normal motions)
What is para mean?
Correct Answer: - The number of babies a woman has delivered (after 20 weeks)
What is the Aortic valve?
Correct Answer: - The one way valve that lies between the left ventricle and aorta -- prevents blood from back flowing into the left ventricle ejects its blood into the aorta
What happens during the third stage of labor?
Correct Answer: - The placenta is delivered
What is diastolic pressure?
Correct Answer: - The pressure that remains in the arteries during the relaxing phase of the hearts cycle when the left ventricle is at rest
What is quality improvement?
Correct Answer: - The process of continuous self review with the purpose of identifying aspects that require improvement
What is diastole?
Correct Answer: - The relaxation of the heart especially of the ventricles
What is the pleura?
Correct Answer: - The serous membrane covering the lungs and lining the thoracic cavity
What is crepitation?
Correct Answer: - The sound of grating bones rubbing together
What is the definition of an angioplasty?
Correct Answer: - The surgical repair of a vessel
What is the parietal pleura?
Correct Answer: - The thin membrane that lines the chest cavity
What is the manubrium?
Correct Answer: - The upper portion of the sternum
What is stroke volume?
Correct Answer: - The volume of blood pumped forward with each ventricular contraction
What is the definition of standard of care?
Correct Answer: - The written, accepted levels of emergency care expected by reason of training and profession, written by legal or professional organizations so that patients are not exposed to unreasonable risk
What type of medications are describes as "clot busters"?
Correct Answer: - Thrombolytics
A person who is A+O X4 is oriented to what four things?
Correct Answer: - Time ( season, day, night vs. day, time of day) - Location ( where they are) - Person (who they are, who the president is, who a family member is) - Event ( what happened)
What is the function of the pancreas?
Correct Answer: - To create and secrete insulin
In an unwitnessed cardiac arrest, why should defibrillation be delayed until at least two minutes of CPR have been administered?
Correct Answer: - To ensure that the heart has been adequately perfused
Why should ongoing assessments be performed on all patients?
Correct Answer: - To ensure that your treatments are effective and to find any changes in the pt's condition - To ID any other injuries/ illnesses that may have been overdosed
What is SAMPLE used for?
Correct Answer: - To get a patients history
Your patients family member reports that the patient accidentally took too much insulin: would you expect to find the blood sugar too high or too low?
Correct Answer: - Too low
You were called to the residence of an adult female in labor. After delivery you assess that the new born has a pink body but blue hands. He has a pulse of 110 beats per minute, resists your attempts to straighten his hips and knees, cries when his foot is flicked and has slow respirations. What is the APGAR score of the infant?
Correct Answer: - Total score: 8 - Appearance: 1 - Pulse: 2 - Grimace: 2 - Activity: 2 - Respirations: 1
What is the definition of battery?
Correct Answer: - Touching a patient or providing emergency care with out expressed consent
What items should be in your OB kit?
Correct Answer: - Towels - Baby blanket - Bulb syringe - Umbilical clamps - Surgical scissors/ scalpel - Baby bunting - Sanitary napkin - Infant cap - Bio hazard bag
When assessing the neck after a traumatic injury, what are you looking for besides DCAP-BTLS?
Correct Answer: - Tracheal deviation - Vein distention - Crepitus
What is a TIA?
Correct Answer: - Transient ischemic attack - a mini stroke that normally resolves symptoms within 24 hours
What would be an appropriate intervention if your patient presented with the respiratory sound "wheezing"?
Correct Answer: - Treat with prescribed medications and medications EMT's are allowed to administer (according to protocols)
What is a nuchal cord?
Correct Answer: - Umbilical cord around the fetal neck.
In what situations is it appropriate to remove a patients helmet?
Correct Answer: - Unable to assess the patients airway - Unable to immobilize the patients spine - If the patient is in cardiac arrest - If the helmet is causing excessive movement of the head
What does sublingual mean?
Correct Answer: - Under the tongue
What is the definition of assault?
Correct Answer: - Unlawfully placing a patient in fear of bodily harm ( threatening)
Where should you auscultate breath sounds?
Correct Answer: - Upper and lower chest - Upper and lower back - at the midaxillary line
What is PASG used for?
Correct Answer: - Used for hypovolemic shock patients and patients experiencing hemorrhaging ( pregnant especially) by providing uniform pressure to the lower extremities and abdomen
What is OPQRST used for?
Correct Answer: - Used to obtain HPI (history of present illness/injury)
What is cavitation?
Correct Answer: - When a medium to high velocity projectile. enters the body, the energy of the projectile causes the surrounding tissue to expand to greater than the actual size of the tissue
What is a behavioral emergency?
Correct Answer: - When a pt's behavior is dangerous, abnormal, intolerable and causes concerns of others (family/friends/ bystanders)
At what point should compressions be interrupted when using an AED?
Correct Answer: - When the AED is analyzing or shocking
What is compensated shock?
Correct Answer: - When the body senses a decrease in perfusion and compensates by raising the heart rate and concentrating blood to the critical organs
What is a prolapsed cord?
Correct Answer: - When the umbilical cord enters the birth canal before the baby's head ( you see cord before you see baby's head)
What is meconium staining?
Correct Answer: - When there is a discoloration of the amniotic fluid as a result of the baby's first poop in the amniotic sac ( indicator for fetal distress)
What are likely changes that may be observed in the condition of the skin of a person in the early stages of frost bite?
Correct Answer: - White waxy skin - Blotchy skin - Loss of skins textures - Discoloration ( grey, yellow or blue)
What is the definition of an Advanced directive?
Correct Answer: - Written documentation that specifies medical treatment of a competent patient should the patient become unable to make decisions ( aka: living will)
What is meant by "Duty to Act" ?
Correct Answer: - You have an obligation to help/ perform patient care
Your patient has sustained a superficial injury to the arm. What does this mean?
Correct Answer: - Your patient has an injury to the arm that is close to/ directly on the skin
What is a medication side effect?
Correct Answer: - an action/ symptom of a drug other than its desired action
According to the rule of nines how much does an infants arm account for?
Correct Answer: - each arm is 9%
What is the FCC responsible for?
Correct Answer: - they are responsible for interstate, international telephone and telegraph services as well as all satellite communications
What is Cullen's sign?
Correct Answer: -It is the presence of superficial edema and bruising around the umbilicus - it is suggestive of acute pancreatitis or an intraabdominal bleed.
According to rule of nines, how much does an adults genitals account for?
Correct Answer: 1%
What is the normal pulse rate for an adult?
Correct Answer: 60 -100 beats per minute
Your patient has a glasgow coma scale of 13, a systolic blood pressure of 80 mm Hg and respiratory rate of 8 breath per minute. His revised trauma score (RTS) is: a. 8 b. 9 c. 10 d. 11
Correct Answer: B. 9
According to the American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma (ACS-COT), an adult trauma patient should be transported to the highest level of trauma center if he or she: a. Was involved in a motor vehicle crash in which another patient in the same vehicle was killed b. Has a systolic blood pressure of less than 110 mm Hg or a heart rate greater than 110 beats per minute c. Has a bleeding disorder or takes anticoagulant medications and has any blunt or penetrating injury d. Has a GCS score of less than or equal to 13 with a mechanism attributed to trauma
Correct Answer: D. Has a GCS score of less than or equal to 13 with a mechanism attributed to trauma
Common signs and symptoms of hypertensive emergency include: a. Pallor, cool skin and a temporary loss of hearing b. Syncope, a weak pulse and bleeding from the ears c. Tachycardia, pain behind the eyes and weakness d. A bounding pulse, a severe headache, and dizziness
Correct Answer: D. a bounding pulse, severe headache, and dizziness
What is the BURP maneuver?
Correct Answer: Helps you visualize cords -Backward (Posterior pressure on larynx against the cervical vertebrae) -Upward: Upward pressure on larynx as far as possible -Right: Lateral pressure on larynx -Pressure
Which of the following is an example of an effective way to communicate with an elderly patient? a. "Sir I am going to try to make you comfortable until we get to the hospital" b. " You just sit down here on this nice comfortable chair and don't worry" c. "I will try to talk very slowly so you can understand me" d. " Sir, I'll make sure to explain everything I'm doing to your son"
Correct Answer: a. "Sir I am going to try to make you comfortable until we get to the hospital"
Blood occupies what percentage of the cranium? a. 10% b. 20% c. 80% d. 15%
Correct Answer: a. 10%
What is the approximate blood loss that can occur with a rib fracture? a. 125 cc b. 75 cc c. 100 cc d. 50 cc
Correct Answer: a. 125 cc
Exhaled air contains ______ oxygen a. 16% b. 21% c. 5% d. 3% to 5%
Correct Answer: a. 16%
The placental barrier consists of ________ layers of the cell and allows for nutrients and waste to be passed between the mother and fetus a. 2 b. 3 c. 4 d. 5
Correct Answer: a. 2
When triaging at an MCI, the maximum number of seconds that should be spent assessing each patient is: a. 30 seconds b. 15 seconds c. 10 seconds d. 60 seconds
Correct Answer: a. 30 seconds
When suctioning an infant do NOT suction for more than: a. 5 seconds b. 10 seconds c. 15 seconds d. 30 seconds
Correct Answer: a. 5 seconds
Your patient has a pulse rate of 90 a blood pressure of 132/80 and a stroke volume of 70 what is this patients cardiac output? a. 6,300 b. 630 c. 7,200 d. 5,600
Correct Answer: a. 6,300
Normal heart rate for an adolescent patient is: a. 60 - 100 b. 90 - 150 c. 70 - 120 d. 80 - 110
Correct Answer: a. 60-100
Hypothermia is defined as a core body temperature below: a. 92 degrees Fahrenheit b. 96 degrees Fahrenheit c. 94 degrees Fahrenheit d. 98 degrees Fahrenheit
Correct Answer: a. 92 degrees Fahrenheit
You have been informed by a patient's caregiver that the patient is infected with HIV. Your partner refuses to administer treatment because of fear of her own infection. If she refuses to provide patient care, what can she be charged with? a. Abandonment b. Negligence c. Assault d. Deviation of protocols
Correct Answer: a. Abandonment
The _______ delivers blood to all the systemic arteries for transport to the tissues of the body. a. Aorta b. Pulmonic veins c. Capillaries d. Inferior vena cava
Correct Answer: a. Aorta
The first step in a rapid extrication of a patient from a car is to: a. Apply a cervical immobilization collar b. Place the end of the long board on the seat c. Rotate the patient until his or her back is in the open doorway d. Move all of the extremities into a neutral position
Correct Answer: a. Apply a cervical immobilization collar
A condition in which the artery walls become hard and stiff due to calcium deposits is: a. Arterioscerlosis b. Hypercholesterolemia c. Hyperlipidimia d. Atherosclerosis
Correct Answer: a. Arterioscerlosis
A 12 year old female fell while ice skating. She did not strike her head and is alert, complaining of pain to the left wrist, How should you assess this patient? a. Assess just the areas that the patient tells you are painful b. Assess every body part from head to toe c. Focus on just the patients airway and cervical spine d. Complete only the initial and ongoing assessment
Correct Answer: a. Assess just the areas that the patient tells you are painful ( you can perform a focused assessment because there are no life threatening risks)
When you find a patient face down in the water, you should position yourself: a. Behind the patient b. At the head c. At the feet d. None of the above
Correct Answer: a. Behind the patient
Patients who are not breathing after repositioning their airway should be take: a. Black b. Red c. Green d. Yellow
Correct Answer: a. Black
Which of the following is a component of the cardiovascular system? a. Blood b. Perineum c. Pleura d. Insulin
Correct Answer: a. Blood
Alkalosis is a condition that occurs when: a. Blood acidity is reduced by excessive breathing b. Dangerous acids accumulate in the blood stream c. The level of carbon dioxide in the blood increases d. Slow, shallow breathing eliminates too much carbon dioxide.
Correct Answer: a. Blood acidity is reduced by excessive breathing
Complete cessation of cardiac activity is called: a. Cardiac arrest b. Asystole c. Ventricular cessation d. Sinus arrest
Correct Answer: a. Cardiac arrest
What section of the vertebral column is most susceptible to injury? a. Cervical spine b. Lumbar spine c. Thoracic spine d. Coccyx
Correct Answer: a. Cervical spine
The blood vessels that supply blood to the heart muscle are the: a. Coronary arteries b. Coronary capillaries c. Pulmonary veins d. Pulmonary arteries
Correct Answer: a. Coronary arteries
Patients with tuberculosis pose the greatest risk for transmitting the disease when they: a. Cough b. Vomit c. Are bleeding d. Have a fever
Correct Answer: a. Cough
The three primary characteristics that you must evaluate when assessing breath sounds are: a. Depth, ease, rate b. Ease, rate, rhythm c. Rate, rhythm, sound d. Sounds, ease, depth
Correct Answer: a. Depth, ease, rate
During Physical exertion in the normal functioning heart, the increased need for blood supply is daily obtained by a. Dilation of coronary arteries b. Narrowing of the peripheral arteries c. Dilation of pulmonary arteries d. Decreasing the pulse rate
Correct Answer: a. Dilation of coronary arteries
A head bleed that is characterized by a loss of consciousness, a lucid period, then loss of consciousness again is a(n) a. Epidural b. Subarachnoid c. Subdural d. None of the above
Correct Answer: a. Epidural
When lifting a patient who is in a sitting or supine position and has no suspected spinal injury, the _______ should be used. a. Extremity lift b. Emergency move c. Direct ground lift d. Scoop stretcher
Correct Answer: a. Extremity lift
The MOST common error associated with the use of the AED is: a. Failure of the EMT to ensure the battery is charged b. Malfunction of the AED's internal computer processor c. Inappropriately placed adhesive defibrillation electrodes d. Inability of the EMT to recognize ventricular fibrillation
Correct Answer: a. Failure of the EMT to ensure the battery is charged
What is the most common cause of seizure in pediatric patients? a. Fever b. Head trauma c. Hypoxia d. Brain tumor
Correct Answer: a. Fever
The small lower extremity bone that lies on the lateral side of the leg is the: a. Fibula b. Tibia c. Patella d. Lateral Malleolus
Correct Answer: a. Fibula
Which of the following statements regarding hepatitis A is correct? a. Hepatitis A can only be transmitted by a patient who has an acute infection b. Infection with hepatitis A causes chronic illness with a high mortality rate c. Hepatitis A is primarily transmitted via contact with blood or other bodily fluids d. although there is no vaccine against hepatitis A, treatment is usually successful
Correct Answer: a. Hepatitis A can only be transmitted by a patient who has an acute infection
You are caring for a victim of a motor vehicle accident who is approximately seven months pregnant. The mechanism of injury strongly suggests spinal trauma. How should you position the patient during transport? a. Immobilize on a long board that is tilted to the left b. Immobilized and transported supine on a back board c. Immobilize in whatever position she is most comfortable in d. Seated upright with her torso immobilized in a short spine device
Correct Answer: a. Immobilize on a long board that is tilted to the left
When the level of carbon dioxide increases in the blood the impulse to breathe: a. Increases b. Decreases c. Remains the same d. Increases and decreases
Correct Answer: a. Increases
Blood from the abdomen, legs and kidneys is carried through the _________ into the right atrium a. Inferior vena cava b. Aorta c. Right coronary artery d. Femoral artery
Correct Answer: a. Inferior vena cava
A 28 year old female patient is found to be responsive to verbal stimuli only. Her Roomate states that she was recently diagnosed with type 1 diabetes and has had difficulty controlling her blood sugar level. She further tells you that the patient has been urinating excessively and has progressively worsened over the last 24 to 36 hours. on the basis of the patient's clinical presentation, you should suspect that she: a. Is significantly hyperglycemic b. Has a low blood glucose level c. Has a urinary tract infection d. Has overdosed on her insulin
Correct Answer: a. Is significantly hyperglycemic
Use of accessory muscles, grunting, and stridor are all signs of: a. Labored respirations b. Noisy respirations c. Shallow respirations d. Agonal respirations
Correct Answer: a. Labored respirations
The pulse of a patient with a malfunctioning pacemaker will usually have a pulse rate that is: a. Less than 60 b. Normal c. Greater than 60 d. Greater than 130
Correct Answer: a. Less than 60
The Fibrous tissues that connect bone to bone are: a. Ligaments b. Tendons c. Joints d. Skeletal muscles
Correct Answer: a. Ligaments
The left side of the heart receives blood from the: a. Lungs b. Pulmonary veins c. Arteries d. Aorta
Correct Answer: a. Lungs (pulmonary veins bring the oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart)
If a patient sustains a brain injury in the temporal region, she may develop problems with: a. Memory b. Vision c. Sensory function d. Emotions
Correct Answer: a. Memory
The major purpose of the EMT's interactions with a patient during transport is to continuously evaluate the patients: a. Mental status and airway b. Pulse and respirations c. Anxiety and restlessness d. Skin color and pupils
Correct Answer: a. Mental status and airway
What should be applied to an evisceration? a. Moistened, sterile dressing b. Dry, sterile dressing c. Pressure dressing d. Moistened bandage
Correct Answer: a. Moistened, sterile dressing
A car that is traveling at a speed of 50 mph when it abruptly stops after colliding with a tree is an example of: a. Newtons first law b. Newtons law of gravity c. Newtons third law d. Newtons second law
Correct Answer: a. Newtons first law
When Assessing an elderly patient who fell, it is important to remember that: a. Osteoporosis can cause a fracture as a result of a fall from standing position b. Any fall in the elderly is considered to be high energy trauma c. Elderly patients who fall usually have a secondary head injury d. Bilateral hip fractures usually occur when an elderly person falls
Correct Answer: a. Osteoporosis can cause a fracture as a result of a fall from standing position
You are dispatched to the scene of a gunshot wound to the abdomen. You would expect this patient's skin to be: a. Pale b. Pink c. Cyanotic d. Jaundiced
Correct Answer: a. Pale
a 14 year old female is unconscious after a 15 foot fall off a ladder. When evaluating her chest during a rapid trauma assessment, you should assess for: a. Paradoxical motion b. Jugular vein distension c. softness d. distention
Correct Answer: a. Paradoxical motion
A burn that is characterized by pain, blisters, and mottled skin is a: a. Partial thickness burn (secondary) b. Superficial burn c. Full thickness burn d. Subcutaneous burn
Correct Answer: a. Partial thickness burn (secondary)
As the infant moves through the birth canal during birth, what structure bulges significantly? a. Perineum b. Vagina c. Fundus d. abdomen
Correct Answer: a. Perineum
Whenever it is necessary to carry out an emergency move of a patient, it is important to: a. Pull the patient along the line of body's long axis b. Immobilize the patient to a long spine board before the move c. Complete the detailed assessment before the move d. Have at least two EMT's lift the patient off the ground
Correct Answer: a. Pull the patient along the line of body's long axis
When preparing for the delivery of an infant you notice that the amniotic sac is protruding from the vagina as the head is crowning. You should: a. Puncture the amniotic sac b. Transport immediately c. Support the infants head and encourage the mother to push d. Apply a moist, sterile pad to the vagina and transport
Correct Answer: a. Puncture the amniotic sac
You are assessing a 49 year old man who complains of chest pressure that began the night before. He is conscious, but anxious, and tells you has a history of angina and hypertension. After applying high flow oxygen, you expose his chest to auscultate his lungs and note that he has a nitroglycerin patch on his right upper chest. His skin is cool and pale, his blood pressure is 78/50 mm Hg, and his pulse is 110 bpm and irregular. You should: a. Remove the nitroglycerin patch, place him in a supine position and elevate his lower extremities, and prepare for immediate transport b. Immediately remove the nitroglycerin patch, apply the AED in case he develops cardiac arrest, and transport to the closest hospital c. Move the nitroglycerin patch to the other side of his chest in case you need to apply the AED, keep him warm and transport without delay d. Ask him if the nitroglycerin patch he is wearing has improved his chest pressure, complete your secondary assessment, and transport promptly
Correct Answer: a. Remove the nitroglycerin patch, place him in a supine position and elevate his lower extremities, and prepare for immediate transport
When ventilating an unconscious patient without a spinal injury, you notice that the stomach appears to be distending. You should: a. Reposition the head and apply cricoid pressure b. Decrease your tidal volume given c. Gently press on the stomach to relieve pressure d. Insert and oral adjunct
Correct Answer: a. Reposition the head and apply cricoid pressure
Your patient is an elderly female, found on a flat hard surface. If she has a suspected hip injury, the best device to carry and/ or move this patient would be a: a. Scoop stretcher b. Backboard c. Stokes basket d. Reeves stretcher
Correct Answer: a. Scoop stretcher
your patient is showing signs of possible carbon monoxide poisoning. What should be your first concern on this call? a. Secure the safety of yourself, other people and the patient b. Open the airway and administer supplemental oxygen c. Transport the patient rapidly to the closest facility d. Obtain medical direction to administer activated charcoal
Correct Answer: a. Secure the safety of yourself, other people and the patient
The average sized adult has approximately __________ of blood volume a. Six liters b. Nine liters c. Eight liters d. Eight pints
Correct Answer: a. Six liters
A 15 year old female was struck by a small car while riding her bicycle. She was wearing a helmet and was thrown to the ground, striking her head. In addition to managing problems associated with airway, breathing and circulation, it is MOST important for you to: a. Stabilize her entire spine b. Obtain baseline vital signs c. Inspect the helmet for cracks d. Leave her bicycle helmet on
Correct Answer: a. Stabilize her entire spine
The Manner in which you must act or behave is called a: a. Standard of care b. Duty to act c. Standing protocol d. Standard operating procedure
Correct Answer: a. Standard of care
The increased pressure on the arterial walls produced when the left ventricle contracts is the: a. Systolic pressure b. Arterial pressure c. Diastolic pressure d. Residual pressure
Correct Answer: a. Systolic pressure
What should you assume when you hear wheezing during respirations? a. The small airways are constricted b. The patient cannot keep the airway open c. There is liquid in the airway d. The patient is using accessory muscles
Correct Answer: a. The small airways are constricted
Newtons ________ law states that for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction a. Third b. First c. Second d. Fourth
Correct Answer: a. Third
According to the Association of Air Medical Services, you should consider air medical transport of a trauma patient if: a. Traffic conditions hamper the ability to get the patient to a trauma center by ground within the ideal time frame for the best clinical outcome b. Ground transport will take your ambulance out of service for an extended period of time, regardless of the severity of the patients injuries c. The patient requires advanced life support care and stabilization, and the nearest ALS ground ambulance is 5 to 10 minutes away d. He or she was involved in a motor vehicle crash in which another occupant in the same vehicle was killed, even if your patients injuries are minor
Correct Answer: a. Traffic conditions hamper the ability to get the patient to a trauma center by ground within the ideal time frame for the best clinical outcome a. Traffic conditions hamper the ability to get the patient to a trauma center by ground within the ideal time frame for the best clinical outcome
The _______ carries deoxygenated blood from the baby's heart to the mother. a. Umbilical Artery b. Umbilical Vein c. Placenta d. Bag of waters
Correct Answer: a. Umbilical artery
The pancreas is locates in the: a. Upper left quadrant b. Upper right quadrant c. Lower left quadrant d. Lower right quadrant
Correct Answer: a. Upper left quadrant
The correct procedure for inserting an oral airway in an infant or child is to: a. Use the tongue depressor to move the tongue forward, and insert the airway right side up b. Tip the head back and open the mouth wide and then rotate the airway on insertion c. Lubricate the tip of the airway with sterile saline and insert it until you feel resistance d. Insert the airway with the bevel toward the base of the throat, pushing gently if you feel resistance
Correct Answer: a. Use the tongue depressor to move the tongue forward, and insert the airway right side up ( avoid rotating the airway as much as possible when treating children)
Another medical term for the womb is: a. Uterus b. Birth canal c. Cervix d. Amniotic sac
Correct Answer: a. Uterus
You should suspect the possibility of shock in a child who has a recent history of: a. Vomiting and diarrhea b. Cardiac arrest c. Epileptic seizures d. Upper respiratory disease
Correct Answer: a. Vomiting anf diarrhea
Force acting over a distance is the definition of: a. Work b. Latent energy c. Kinetic energy d. Potential energy
Correct Answer: a. Work
Which statement about the assessment of a patient with cardiac compromise is correct? a. You cannot determine the degree of cardiac damage in the field b. You should not ask patients about nitroglycerine or other drug use c. The purpose of the focused history is to determine whether to use the AED d. Patients usually describe cardiac pain as localized and moderately severe
Correct Answer: a. You cannot determine the degree of cardiac damage in the field
Which of the following statements regarding hypoxic drive is correct? a. The hypoxic drive stimulates a person to breathe on the basis of low oxygen levels b. Chronic carbon dioxide elimination often results in activation of the hypoxic drive c. The hypoxic drive serves as the primary stimulus for breathing in healthy individuals d. 100% supplemental oxygen will always cause apnea in patients with hypoxic drive
Correct Answer: a. the hypoxic drive stimulates a person to breathe on the basis of low oxygen levels
Your patient has a painful deformity of the right lower leg. The pulse in the right posterior tibial artery is missing. Before splinting the injured leg, you should: a. Use gentle traction to attempt to align the limb b. Apply a tourniquet to stop internal bleeding c. check the brachial pulse as well d. place the right foot in the position of function
Correct Answer: a. use gentle traction to attempt to align the limb ( by bringing the limb to alignment pressure on blood vessel may be relieved and circulation may return)
When parking an ambulance at the scene of a motor vehicle accident, an ambulance should be parked: a. In front of the collision b. 100 feet away from the collision c. Behind the collision d. Downwind
Correct Answer: b. 100 feet away from the collision
An adult burn patient with circumferential burns to his right arm, burns to the entire anterior aspect of his right leg, and burns to genitals will have burns to a total body surface area of: a. 14.5 % b. 19% c. 23.5% d. 28%
Correct Answer: b. 19%
What is the common ratio for the span of control in an Incident Command System? a. 1:2 b. 1:5 c. 1:3 d. 1:7
Correct Answer: b. 1:5
A nasal cannula will deliver approximately what amount of oxygen to a patient? a. 5%- 30% b. 24% - 44% c. 10%- 15% d. Nearly 100%
Correct Answer: b. 24% - 44%
Which set of vital signs is within normal limits? a. Newborn: pulse 100 bpm, respirations 36 per minute, BP 60/30 b. 3 year old male: pulse 98 bpm, respirations 27 per minute BP 84/48 c. 9 year old female: pulse 118 bpm, respirations 24 per minute, BP 120/80 d. 24 year old male: pulse 92 bpm, respirations 26 per minute, BP 112/70
Correct Answer: b. 3 year old male: pulse 98 bpm, respirations 27 per minute BP 84/48
The common dosage for the administration of acetylsalicylic acid in a cardiac emergency is: a. 81 mg PO b. 324 mg PO c. 81 mg IO d. 324 g PO
Correct Answer: b. 324 mg PO
A woman's gestation is: a. 25 weeks b. 40 weeks c. 36 weeks d. 28 weeks
Correct Answer: b. 40 weeks
Which patient's vital signs are abnormal? a. 67 year old male: Pulse 68 bpm, respirations 15 per minute, BP 130/88 b. 44 year old female: pulse 92 beats per minute, respirations 22 per minute, BP 120/80 c. 14 year old male: pulse 88 bpm, respirations 18 per minute, BP 110/70 d. 7 year old female: pulse 100 bpm, respirations 23 per minute, BP 96/50
Correct Answer: b. 44 year old female: pulse 92 beats per minute, respirations 22 per minute, BP 120/80
The amniotic sac normally contains __________ of fluid a. 200- 500 ml b. 500 - 1000 ml c. 1,000 - 1,500 ml d. 1,000 - 2,000 ml
Correct Answer: b. 500 - 1000 ml
The normal blood glucose level is between: a. 60 and 80 mg/dL b. 80 and 120 mg/dL c. 130 and 150 mg/dL d. 160 and 200 mg/dL
Correct Answer: b. 80 and 120 mg/dL
To remove the roof of a vehicle with an entrapped victim using a hydraulic- powered cutter, cut through the __________ with a relief cut to the roof and fold the roof over a. B and C posts b. A and B posts c. Nader pin d. Windsheild
Correct Answer: b. A and B posts
Which of the following injuries should raise your index of suspicion of child abuse? a. Arm fracture b. A grid pattern burn c. Bruises to the buttocks d. Increased concern of the caregiver
Correct Answer: b. A grid pattern burn
You are assessing a 49 year old man who according to his wife experienced a sudden, severe headache and then passed out. He is unresponsive and has slow irregular breathing. His blood pressure is 190/94 mm Hg and his pulse rate is 50 beats/min. His wife tells you that he had hypertension and diabetes. He had MOST likely experienced: a. Acute hypoglycemia b. A ruptured cerebral artery c. A complex partial seizure d. An occluded cerebral artery
Correct Answer: b. A ruptured cerebral artery
Which statements about assessing blood pressure is correct? a. If you obtain one normal reading it is not necessary to reassess blood pressure b. A single reading is not as useful as multiple readings used to look for a trend c. Variations of more than 5 mm Hg from normal is considered very significant d. Assess blood pressure by palpation only when the patient is in a quiet place
Correct Answer: b. A single reading is not as useful as multiple readings used to look for a trend
The depression in which the femoral head fits into is called the: a. Iliac crest b. Acetabulum c. Ischium d. Greater trochanter
Correct Answer: b. Acetabulum
A patient tells you that he has a left ventricular assist device (LVAD). Which of the following conditions should you suspect that he has experienced? a. Thoracic aortic aneurysm b. Acute myocardial infarction c. Uncontrolled hypertension d. Obstructive lung disease
Correct Answer: b. Acute myocardial infarction
Which statement about suctioning an infants and children is correct? a. Insert the suction catheter until it touches the back of the throat b. Administer oxygen immediately before and after suctioning c. Never suction for longer than 30 seconds at a time d. The Vacuum pump should be set no higher than 20 mm Hg
Correct Answer: b. Administer oxygen immediately before and after suctioning
The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs within the: a. Bronchioles b. Alveoli c. Pulmonary capillaries d. Bronchi
Correct Answer: b. Alveoli
An area of swelling or enlargement in a weakened arterial wall is called: a. A thrombus b. An aneurysm c. An embolism d. Atherosclerosis
Correct Answer: b. An aneurysm
Erosion of the protective layer of the stomach or duodenum secondary to overactivity of digestive juices results in: a. Ileus b. An ulcer c. Appendicitis d. Cholecystitis
Correct Answer: b. An ulcer
Which of the following injuries MOST likely occur as a direct result of the third collision in a motor vehicle crash? a. Flail chest b. Aortic rupture c. Extremity fractures d.Forehead lacerations
Correct Answer: b. Aortic rupture
You have used an EpiPen on a patient and have NOT obtained consent prior to treatment. You could be charged with: a. Fraud b. Battery c. Forcible restraint d. Negligence
Correct Answer: b. Battery
Before you obtain a signature from a patient for refusal of care, you should: a. Contact your supervisor b. Be sure that the patient is mentally component c. Contact medical control d. Take at least three sets of vital signs
Correct Answer: b. Be sure that the patient is mentally component
A 20 year old female complains of leg and hip pain after falling off a 20 foot ladder. You should conduct a: a. Focused exam b. Rapid trauma assessment c. an OPQRST on the pain only d. Detailed physical exam
Correct Answer: b. Rapid trauma assessment
What is the passive part of breathing? a. Respiration b. Inhalation c. Exhalation d. Ventilation
Correct Answer: c. Exhalation
You are dispatched to a residence for a 56 year old male with an altered mental status. Upon arrival at the scene, the patient's wife tells you that he complained of chest pain the day before, but would not allow her to call EMS. The patient is semiconscious; has rapid shallow respirations; and has a thready pulse. you should: a. Obtain baseline vital signs b. Begin ventilatory assistance c. Attach the AED immediately d. Apply a non-rebreathing mask
Correct Answer: b. Begin ventilatory assistance
To suction the nose of a newborn, it is recommended to use a: a. French catheter b. Bulb syringe c. Rigid tip d. Oxygen powered device
Correct Answer: b. Bulb syringe
In the mnemonic DCAP-BTLS what does the letter "B" stand for: a. Bruising b. Burns c. Breathing d. Battle signs
Correct Answer: b. Burns
In breech presentation which part of the infant presents first a. Lower limbs b. Buttocks c. Umbilical cord d. Head
Correct Answer: b. Buttocks
What has been the leading killer of Americans since the 1900's ? a. Head injury b. Cardiovascular disease c. Suicide d. Trauma
Correct Answer: b. Cardiovascular disease
What arteries supply the head and brain with blood? a. Peripheral b. Carotid c. Coronary d. Brachial
Correct Answer: b. Carotid
Blood clots form in the body depending on the blood's ability to clot, blood stasis and: a. The amount of blood available b. Changes in the vessel wall c. The amount of white blood cells in the blood d. The amount of red blood cells in the blood
Correct Answer: b. Changes in the vessel wall
Which of the following is the best indicator for adequate ventilations when using a bag valve mask? a. Skin color b. Chest rise and fall c. O2 saturations d. Breath sounds
Correct Answer: b. Chest rise and fall
When someone fractures their tailbone, what section of the spine is involved? a. Saccrum b. Coccyx c. Lumbar d. Ischium
Correct Answer: b. Coccyx
All of the following are examples of indirect medical direction EXCEPT: a. Continuing education classes taught by physicians b. Contact between physicians and EMT's in the field c. Design of EMS systems by physicians d. Quality- improvement efforts by physicians
Correct Answer: b. Contact between physicians and EMT's in the field
You suspect hypovolemic shock in your trauma patient. what can you do to treat this condition? a. Administer dopamine b. Control obvious bleeding c. Administer vasoconstrictors (epinephrine) d. Give fluids PO
Correct Answer: b. Control obvious bleeding
Classic signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia include: a. Warm, dry skin; irritability; bradycardia; and rapid respirations b. Cool, clammy skin; weakness; tachycardia; and rapid respirations c. Warm, dry skin; hunger; abdominal pain; and deep, slow respirations d. Cold, clammy skin; bradycardia; hunger and deep, rapid respirations
Correct Answer: b. Cool, clammy skin; weakness; tachycardia; and rapid respirations
In the late stages of decompensated shocked the body will have a(n) ___________ in blood pressure and the pulse will _______________ a. Increase, decrease b. Decrease, decrease c. Decrease, increase d. Increase, increase
Correct Answer: b. Decrease, decrease
The collection of fluid in a body part that is closest to the ground is called: a. Pulmonary edema b. Dependent edema c. Dependent lividity d. Congestive edema
Correct Answer: b. Dependent edema
Which of the following signs is commonly observed in patients with right-sided heart failure? a. Labored breathing b. Dependent edema c. Pulmonary Edema d. Flat Jugular Veins
Correct Answer: b. Dependent edema
In which part of the skin are nerve endings located? a. Epidermis b. Dermis c. Subcutaneous layer d. Fascia
Correct Answer: b. Dermis
You respond to a dispatch of an unknown medical event. As you arrive on scene an elderly gentleman greets you at the door and motions you to step inside. you are directed to the rear of the house, where an elderly woman presents to you sitting on the bed. she appears to be in severe respiratory distress..... When should you place the patient on oxygen? a. After the focused assessment b. During the initial assessment c. After taking baseline vital signs d. After medical command gives you permission
Correct Answer: b. During initial assessment
The anterior aspect of the cerebrum controls: a. Touch b. Emotion c. Movement d. Vision
Correct Answer: b. Emotion
You are en route to the receiving facility with a 71 year old male patient with a history of heart disease. The patients distress has been relieved with nitroglycerin, and his vital signs are stable. How often should you reassess the patients vital signs? a. Every 5 minutes or less b. Every 15 minutes c. Every 30 minutes d. There is no need to reassess a stable patient
Correct Answer: b. Every 15 minutes
Egg fertilization normally occurs in the: a. Uterus b. Fallopian tubes c. Eustachian tube d. Ovary
Correct Answer: b. Fallopian tube
The coccyx is composed of ______________ a. two to three b. four to five c. seven d. three
Correct Answer: b. Four to five
Glipizide, a non-insulin-type medication, is another name for: a. Glucophage b. Glucotrol c. Micronase d. Diabinese
Correct Answer: b. Glucotrol
A condition where a patient lacks one or more of the body's clotting factors is called: a. Anemia b. Hemophilia c. Leukemia d. Neutropenia
Correct Answer: b. Hemophilia
Which of the following medications would an EMT be LEAST likely to administer to a patient with a medical complaint? a. Aspirin b. Ibuprofen c. Albuterol d. Oral glucose
Correct Answer: b. Ibuprofen
After ______ minutes without oxygen cells in the nervous system may die or be permanently damaged a. Four to six b. Two to four c. Zero to four d. One to three
Correct Answer: b. Two to four
Your patient is a 19 year old male who has been in a motorcycle crash. Vital signs are pulse 92 and weak, respirations are 24 and shallow, BP 116/80. He has a suspected spinal injury as well as a painful, deformed, swollen right foot. Blood loss is not significant. what should your treatment plan focus on? a. Immobilizing the injured foot in a position of function b. Immobilizing the patient and transporting him rapidly c. Opening the airway and ventilating the patient d. Applying the PASG and inflating all compartments
Correct Answer: b. Immobilizing the patient and transporting him rapidly
Delayed capillary refill is a reliable test of peripheral circulation in: a. Elderly patients b. Infants and children c. Patients in early shock d. Pregnant women
Correct Answer: b. Infants and children
In contrast to type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes: a. occurs when antibodies attack insulin- producing cells b. Is caused by resistance to insulin at the cellular level c. Is caused by a complete lack of insulin in the body d. is commonly diagnosed in children and young adults
Correct Answer: b. Is caused by resistance to insulin at the cellular level
Your patient is found lying unconscious on the sidewalk. No obvious trauma is noted. How would you open the patients airway? a. Head - tilt/ chin- lift b. Jaw thrust maneuver c. Using the forefinger and thumb in a crossover motion d. None of the above
Correct Answer: b. Jaw thrust maneuver
Which of the following assessment findings is MOST indicative of a cardiovascular problem? a. Unequal breath sounds b. Jugular venous distention c. Use of the accessory muscles d. Palpable pain to the epigastrium region
Correct Answer: b. Jugular Venous Distention
You are assessing a patient who was involved in a motor vehicle crash. He has injuries to his shoulder and temporal region. by this injury pattern, you would suspect a: a. Frontal impact b. Lateral impact c. Rear impact d. Rollover
Correct Answer: b. Lateral impact
You have assisted your patient in taking his nitroglycerine. His next set of vital signs indicates that he is now hypotensive and he is still complaining of chest pain your next action should be to: a. Administer the second dose of nitroglycerine b. Lay the patient flat c. Apply the AED d. Contact Medical control for orders
Correct Answer: b. Lay the patient flat
A pregnant female should be transported: a. Supine b. Left lateral recumbent c. Semi - Fowler's position d. Trendelenburg position
Correct Answer: b. Left lateral recumbent
Who is responsible for communicating with other agencies? a. Logistics section chief b. Liaison officer c. Incident commander d. Safety officer
Correct Answer: b. Liaison officer
The upper section of the sternum is called the: a. Angle of Louis b. Manubrium c. Xiphoid process d. Thoracic cage
Correct Answer: b. Manubrium
What method delivers the highest tidal volume to a patient? a. BVM to face b. Mouth to mask c. Blow by O2 d. Nebulizer
Correct Answer: b. Mouth to mask
While en route to a major motor vehicle crash, an on-scene police officer advises you that a 6-year-old male who was riding in the front seat is involved. He further states that the child was only wearing a lap belt and that the air bag deployed. On the basis of this information, you should be MOST suspicious that the child has experienced: a. Open abdominal trauma b. Neck and Facial injuries c. Blunt trauma to the head d. Lower extremity fractures
Correct Answer: b. Neck and facial traumas
How many incident command posts should be established on the scene of an incident? a. One for every ten units b. One c. Two d. Three
Correct Answer: b. One
You are called to the scene of a car crash. The rescue crew tells you that the patient who is still trapped inside the car, is not breathing. An emergency move is not possible at this time, as the patient is pinned. After determining that the scene is safe to enter, you should: a. Assist the rescuer crew in extricating the patient b. Open the patients airway while extrication is going on c. Call for further backup to the scene d. Perform a complete physical exam immediately
Correct Answer: b. Open the patients airway while extrication is going on
ou respond to a dispatch of an unknown medical event. As you arrive on scene an elderly gentleman greets you at the door and motions you to step inside. you are directed to the rear of the house, where an elderly woman presents to you sitting on the bed. she appears to be in severe respiratory distress..... After a few minutes of supplemental oxygen therapy, the patient states that she feels much better. What do you do now? a. Discontinue oxygen since she feels better b. Perform a reassessment of her vital signs c. Have her sign a refusal of care form d. Contact her private physician
Correct Answer: b. Perform a reassessment of her vital signs
The external visible part of the ear is the: a. Earlobe b. Pinna c. External auditory meatus d. Mastoid process
Correct Answer: b. Pinna
________________ helps the blood to clot a. Red blood cells b. Platelets c. White blood cells d. Plasma
Correct Answer: b. Platelets
The oropharynx is the area directly: a. Posterior to the nose b. Posterior of the mouth c. Anterior to the nose d. Anterior to the mouth
Correct Answer: b. Posterior of the mouth
When assessing a patient who experienced a blast injury it is important to remember that: a. Secondary blast injuries are usually the least obvious b. Primary blast injuries are typically the most obvious c. Solid organs usually rupture from the pressure wave d. Primary blast injuries are the most easily overlooked
Correct Answer: b. Primary blast injuries are typically the most obvious
A 22 year old female patient is complaining of dyspnea and numbness and tingling in her hands and feet after an argument with her fiancé her respirations are 40 breaths per min you should: a. Have her breathe into a paper or plastic bag b. Provide reassurance and give oxygen as needed c. Request a paramedic to give her a sedative d. Position her on her left side and transport at once
Correct Answer: b. Provide reassurance and give oxygen as needed
When transporting a stable stroke patient with a paralyzed extremity, place the patient in a: a. Recumbent position with the paralyzed side up b. Recumbent position with the paralyzed side down c. Sitting position with the head at a 45 degree to 90 degree angle d. Supine positon with the legs elevate 6 inches to 12 inches
Correct Answer: b. Recumbent positon with the paralyzed side down
Your patient is a 67 year old female with chest pains and a history of heart disease. After helping her take a dose of her prescribed nitroglycerin, you find that her blood pressure is 96/68 and she is still in severe pain. Medical direction tells you to administer a second dose of nitroglycerin and transport. You should: a. Administer the medication and document the vital signs and the order b. Repeat the blood pressure reading and the order to medical control c. Ask to speak to a senior physician d. Request advance cardiac life support (ACLS) back up immediately
Correct Answer: b. Repeat the blood pressure reading and the order to medical direction
The sinoartrial node is located within the: a. Purkinje fibers b. Right atrium c. Left atrium d. Right ventricle
Correct Answer: b. Right atrium
Functions of the liver include: a. Absorption of nutrients and toxins b. Secretion of bile and filtration of toxic substances c. Production of hormones that regulate blood sugar levels d. Release of amylase, which breaks down starches into sugar
Correct Answer: b. Secretion of bile and filtration of the toxic substances
The heart is divided down the middle into two sides (right and left) by a wall called the: a. Atrioventricular wall b. Septum c. Pericardium d. Transverse septal wall
Correct Answer: b. Septum
Your patient is a 9 year old male with severe nosebleed and no other signs of trauma. In which position should you place him? a. Flat on his back with lower extremities elevated b. sitting up and leaning forwards c. Prone d. Supine
Correct Answer: b. Sitting up and leaning forwards
Which part of the nervous system regulates activities in which there is voluntary control, such as talking, walking etc. a. Voluntary nervous system b. Somatic nervous system c. Autonomic nervous system d. Central nervous system
Correct Answer: b. Somatic nervous system
Your patient is agitated and confused and seems to be displaying symptoms of drug use. The best way to prevent the situation from becoming dangerous to the patient, yourself or others is to: a. Restrain the patient as soon as possible b. Speak calmly and quietly to the patient c. Refuse to treat the patient until he calms down d. Inform the patient of your self defense techniques
Correct Answer: b. Speak calmly and quietly to the patient
The bottom quadrant of the diamond- shaped NFPA symbol contains information about any: a. Health hazards b. Special hazards c. Reactivity d. Fire hazards
Correct Answer: b. Special hazards
You are dispatched to a residence of a patient who has jumped into the shallow end of a pool head first. The scene is safe and the patient is breathing your first action should be to: a. Remove the patient from the water b. Stabilize the patient's c- spine while the patient is still in the water c. Insert an oropharyngeal airway d. Place the patient on a backboard
Correct Answer: b. Stabilize the patient's c- spine while the patient is still in the water
Your patient is a 67 year old female whom you found in cardiac arrest. you have resuscitated her by using an AED and are now transporting her. If she becomes pulseless, you should: a. Request online medical direction b. Stop the ambulance and use the AED c. Begin CPR and continue en route d. Defibrillate quickly while en route
Correct Answer: b. Stop the ambulance and use the AED
a 23 year old male has suffered a penetrating head wound that is bleeding profusely and a cervical spine injury. During your rapid trauma assessment, you should: a. Treat the head wound and continue your rapid assessment b. Stop your exam and provide appropriate care for both injuries c. Manage the cervical spine injury and continue your rapid assessment d. Make a mental note of both injuries and continue the assessment
Correct Answer: b. Stop your exam and provide appropriate care for both injuries
After safety, what is the first priority when rendering treatment to a burn patient? a. Maintaining a sterile field b. Stopping the burning process c. Pain management d. Transport decision
Correct Answer: b. Stopping the burning process
A patient with arthoscelrotic heart disease experiences chest pain during exertion because: a. The coronary arteries suddenly spasm and cause a marked reduction in myocardial blood flow b. The lumen of the coronary artery is narrowed and cannot accommodate increased blood flow c. Tissues of the myocardium undergo necrosis secondary to a prolonged absence of oxygen d. The ragged edge of a tear in the coronary artery lumen causes local blood clotting and arterial narrowing
Correct Answer: b. The lumen of the coronary artery is narrowed and cannot accommodate increased blood flow
In an unconscious patient the most common airway obstruction is caused by: a. Foreign objects b. The patients own tongue c. Dentures d. Oral secretions
Correct Answer: b. The patients own tongue
How does the air pressure outside of the body normally compare with the pressure within the thorax? a. The pressures are the same b. The pressure outside of the body is higher c. The pressure outside the body is lower d. The pressure varies with the age of the patient
Correct Answer: b. The pressure outside of the body is higher
Who should direct the movement of a patient when a spinal injury is suspected? a. The crew leader b. The rescuer who is positioned at the head c. The rescuer who is positioned at the feet d. The first rescuer on scene
Correct Answer: b. The rescuer who is positioned at the head
You would apply the PASG in which of the following conditions? a. A transport time of 30 minutes or less b. To control massive soft tissue bleeding in the lower extremities c. Pulmonary edema d. A distal femur fracture
Correct Answer: b. To control massive soft tissue bleeding in the lower extremities
The valve that separated the right atrium from the right ventricle is the: a. Bicuspid valve b. Tricuspid valve c. Aortic valve d. Pulmonic valve
Correct Answer: b. Tricuspid valve
The __________ carries oxygenated blood from the mother to the baby's heart a. Placenta b. Umbilical vein c. Umbilical artery d. Amniotic sac
Correct Answer: b. Umbilical vein
The spleen is located in the: a. Upper right quadrant b. Upper left quadrant c. Retroperitoneal d. Lower Left quadrant
Correct Answer: b. Upper left quadrant
The gallbladder is located in the: a. Lower right quadrant b. Upper right quadrant c. Lower left quadrant d. Upper left quadrant
Correct Answer: b. Upper right quadrant
What should you do if you do not have the right sized cervical collar to fit a patient with a suspected spinal injury? a. Use the next larger or smaller size collar b. Use rolled towels secured with tape c. Leave the neck unsecured and tape the head d. Place the patient on a backboard without a collar
Correct Answer: b. Use rolled towels secured with tape
Which of the following carries sperm from the testicles to the urethra? a. Ureter b. Vas deferens c. Seminal vesicle d. Seminal ducts
Correct Answer: b. Vas deferens
Disorganized quivering of the ventricles is called: a. Atrial fibrillation b. Ventricular fibrillation c. Asystole d. Atrial flutter
Correct Answer: b. Ventricular fibrillation
The strength or ability of a pathogen to produce a disease is: a. Transmission b. Virulence c. Effectivity d. Ineffectivity
Correct Answer: b. Virulence
Which situation might constitute legal abandonment of a patient? a. You leave your patient because the fire in an adjacent building reaches the room you are in b. You begin CPR on a patient and ask a bystander to continue while you assess another patient c. Your patient states that he or she doe not want treatment and signs a statement to that effect d. You transport a patient to the hospital and leave him or her in the care of a nurse who signed your patient- care report
Correct Answer: b. You begin CPR on a patient and ask a bystander to continue while you assess another patient
In which of the following situations might you be found to have committed assault against your patient? a. You leave your patient at the scene of an accident before additional help arrives b. You tell the patient, " if you don't let splint your leg I'll tie you up" c. You tell the patient, " your over 18 and you have the right to refuse treatment" d. You transfer care of your patient to a first responder who has just arrived on scene
Correct Answer: b. You tell the patient, " if you don't let splint your leg I'll tie you up"
For which type of wound should you use an occlusive dressing that is taped on only three sides? a. An Impaled object b. A sucking chest wound c. an abdominal evisceration d. an amputation
Correct Answer: b. sucking chest wound
When caring for a patient who takes multiple medications it is best to: a. Document the medications on your patient care report, but leave them at home so they do not get misplaced. b. Take all the patients medications with you to the hospital and document them on your patient care report c. Send the patients medications to the hospital with a family member or other persons who will safe guard them d. Let the hospital staff retrieve the patients medical records which should show a list of his or her current medications
Correct Answer: b. take all the patients medications with you to the hospital and document them on your patient care report
An infant who is between 1 month old and 1 year old should have a pulse rate of: a. 90 - 180 bpm b. 80 - 140 bpm c. 100 - 160 bpm d. 70 - 110 bpm
Correct Answer: c. 100 - 160 bpm
When should you expect an infant to start to breathe spontaneously? a. One to five seconds after birth b. 10 - 15 seconds after birth c. 20- 30 seconds after birth d. one minute after birth
Correct Answer: c. 20 - 30 seconds after birth
A normal respiratory rate for a newborn is: a. 60- 80 b. 40-60 c. 30- 50 d. 20-30
Correct Answer: c. 30-50
Which of the following is a priority patient who should be transported immediately? a. 27 year old female, 40 weeks pregnant crowning with no complications b. 67 year old male history of heart disease, pain leaved after taking nitroglycerine c. 32 year old female allergic reaction to bee sting, rapid pulse, difficulty breathing d. 15 year old male fell off bicycle possible fractured wrists, cuts and bruises
Correct Answer: c. 32 year old female allergic reaction to bee sting, rapid pulse, difficulty breathing
Deliveries that occur before _______________ weeks gestation are considered premature a. 26 b. 28 c. 36 d. 22
Correct Answer: c. 36
The hear has _________________ chambers a. 2 b. 3 c. 4 d. 5
Correct Answer: c. 4
Which of the following patients is showing signs and symptoms of imminent respiratory arrest? a. 2 year old male: respirations 60/ min severe retractions, cyanosis b. 3 year old female: respirations 50/ min nasal flaring, wheezing c. 4 year old male: respirations 8/ min unresponsive, limp muscle tone d. 3 year old female: respirations 10/min, cyanosis, decreased muscle tone
Correct Answer: c. 4 year old male: respirations 8/ min unresponsive, limp muscle tone
You are assessing a newborn who has pink body and blue extremities, pulse rate of 98/min no response to suctioning, moderate flexion of the extremities and a respiratory rate of 38/min. What is the APGAR score? a. 2 b. 4 c. 6 d. 8
Correct Answer: c. 6
Your patient opens his eyes, moans and pulls away from you when you pinch his trapezius muscle. You should assign a Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score of: a. 6 b. 7 c. 8 d. 9
Correct Answer: c. 8
Full thickness burns are characterized by: a. Blisters b. Redness and pain c. A dry leathery appearance d. Mottled skin
Correct Answer: c. A dry leathery appearance
Your patient is a 2 year old female who has injured her leg. The best way to calm her while examining her is to: a. Explain what you are doing in technical language b. Tell her that if she doesn't cooperate, she won't get any better c. Examine her while she is sitting on her parents lap d. Do any painful procedure first so she can calm down
Correct Answer: c. Examine her while she is sitting on her parents lap
In which of the following circumstances should you suspect the possibility of child abuse? a. A parent tells you the 4 month old infant's injuries were caused by rolling off the bed b. A distraught parent promptly reports and requests treatment for a seriously injured child c. A parent tells you that the child walked into a door at school, but the teacher disagrees d. The child and the parent give you an identical account of how an injury occurred
Correct Answer: c. A parent tells you that the child walked into a door at school, but the teacher disagrees
The electrical impulse is slowed to one- or two- tenths of a second to allow blood to pass into the ventricles at what part of the heart? a. SA node b. Internodal pathway c. AV node d. Left bundle branch
Correct Answer: c. AV node
If you extend your arm parallel to the ground this movement is called: a. Pronation b. Adduction c. Abduction d. Flexion
Correct Answer: c. Abduction
A legal statement that states the patients wishes regarding his or her own health care is called a(n): a. Do not resuscitate order b. Statuatory will c. Advance directive d. Testamentary trust will
Correct Answer: c. Advance directive
You are dispatched to an apartment complex for a young male with abdominal pain. your priority upon arriving to the scene should be to: a. Quickly gain access to the patient b. Notify the dispatcher of your arrival c. Assess the scene for potential hazards d. Place a paramedic ambulance on standby
Correct Answer: c. Assess the scene for potential hazards
Your patient does not speak English and you do not speak his native language. You should: a. Do your best to keep treating the patient without communicating b. Speak louder and slower c. Attempt to get a translator d. Ignore the patient's rambling and treat his injuries or illness the best you can
Correct Answer: c. Attempt to get a translator
You respond to a residence and find an elderly male in cardiac arrest. His caregiver states that she remembers seeing a DNR and is going to look for it. What should you do? a. Wait for a caregiver to return with the proper documentation before rendering treatment b. Contact the patient's physician c. Begin CPR d. Advise the police and have them determine the next step
Correct Answer: c. Begin CPR
While evaluating your 56 year old male patient with chest discomfort, he suddenly collapses and becomes unconscious. He is apneic and pulseless which of the following will most likely reverse this condition? a. Provide high flow oxygen with a non-rebreather mask b. Begin chest compressions at a rate of 80 beats per minute c. Begin the process of defibrillating the patient with an AED d. Ventilate the patient with a pocket mask and supplemental oxygen
Correct Answer: c. Begin the process of defibrillating the patient with an AED
Baseline vital signs in the unresponsive medical patient includes the patients: a. Past medical history b. Signs and symptoms c. Blood pressure d. Allergies
Correct Answer: c. Blood pressure
The bladder of the blood pressure cuff should be centered over the: a. Carotid artery b. Radial artery c. Brachial artery d. Femoral artery
Correct Answer: c. Brachial artery
Muscle control and body coordination are controlled by the: a. Cerebrum b. Cerebellum c. Brain Stem d. Cerebral Cortex
Correct Answer: c. Brain Stem
Which of the following is a contraindication for an oxygen powered ventilation device? a. CHF b. Respiratory arrest c. COPD d. Respiratory distress
Correct Answer: c. COPD
In contrast to hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia: a. Is rapidly reversible if oral glucose is given b. Commonly results in excess water retention c. Can only be corrected in hospital setting d. Is a rapidly developing metabolic disturbance
Correct Answer: c. Can only be corrected in the hospital setting
What part of the brain is responsible for coordination? a. Brain stem b. Cerebrum c. Cerebellum d. Medulla Oblongata
Correct Answer: c. Cerebellum
Which of the following is the largest part of the brain? a. Brain stem b. Cerebellum c. Cerebrum d. Cerebrospinal fluid
Correct Answer: c. Cerebrum
While performing a rapid trauma assessment of a patient who was injured in a motor vehicle accident, you note paradoxical motion. This indicates the presence of: a. Pelvic fracture b. Internal bleeding c. Chest injury d. Head injury
Correct Answer: c. Chest Injury
Which of the following is considered a high priority severe burn? a. Partial thickness burn affecting 15%- 30% of total body surface b. Full thickness burns only affecting 3% of the body area excluding hands, face, genitals and upper airway c. Circumferential burns to the arm d. Superficial burns affecting 40% of the total body surface area
Correct Answer: c. Circumferential burns to the arm
A patient with receptive questioning after a traffic accident most likely has a: a. Cerebral hemorrhage b. Skull fracture c. Concussion d. Herniation
Correct Answer: c. Concussion
Which of the following MOST accurately describes what the patient will experience during the postictal state that follows a seizure? a. Hyperventilation and hypersalivation b. A rapidly improving level of consciousness c. Confusion and fatigue d. A gradually decreasing level of consciousness
Correct Answer: c. Confusion and fatigue
The two sizes of oxygen cylinders that an EMT will primarily use are: a. A and M b. A and D c. D and M d. D and G
Correct Answer: c. D and M
Which of the following is a definitive sign of death? a. No deep tendon or corneal reflexes b. No systolic blood pressure c. Dependent lividity d. Lowered or decreased core temperature
Correct Answer: c. Dependent lividity
What separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity? a. Umbilicus b. Costal arch c. Diaphragm d. Xiphoid Process
Correct Answer: c. Diaphragm
Normal skin is ___________to the touch a. Cool b. Diaphoretic c. Dry d. Moist
Correct Answer: c. Dry
The major hazard associated with using an transporting oxygen tanks is that they can: a. Fail to function properly if chilled b. Leak and emit poisonous fumes c. Explode if dropped or handled roughly d. run out of batter power at any time
Correct Answer: c. Explode if dropped or handled roughly
Your patient is complaining of dyspnea and you notice paradoxical movement upon inspiration and expiration. What does this indicate? a. Pneumothorax b. Tension pneumothorax c. Flail chest d. Umbilical hernia
Correct Answer: c. Flail chest
_________ is the bending of a joint a. Extension b. Adduction c. Flexion d. Abduction
Correct Answer: c. Flexion
You arrive to find your patient sitting upright in a chair, This position is called: a. Trendelenburg's b. Semi Fowler's c. Fowler's d. Laterally recumbent
Correct Answer: c. Fowler's
You are assessing an awake, alert patient complaining of abdominal pain he denies any trauma. When conducting a focused history and physical exam what should you do first? a. Conduct a rapid physical exam b. Obtain baseline vital signs c. Gather the history of the present illness d. Question the patient about his past medical problems
Correct Answer: c. Gather the history of the present illness (OPQRST)
Expiratory grunting in a pediatric patient is indicative of: a. An upper airway obstruction b. Inflammation of the glottis c. Inadequate oxygenation d. Partially blocked small airways
Correct Answer: c. Inadequate oxygenation
In a healthy individual, the brain stem simulates breathing on the basis of: a. increased oxygen levels b. decreased oxygen levels c. increased carbon dioxide levels d. decreased carbon dioxide levels
Correct Answer: c. Increased carbon dioxide levels
Following a blunt injury to the head, a 22-year-old female is confused and complains of a severe headache and nausea. On the basis of these signs and symptoms, you should be MOST concerned with the possibility of: a. Spinal cord injury b. Airway compromise c. Intracranial bleeding d. A fracture to the skull
Correct Answer: c. Intracranial bleeding
Your patient has accidentally sprayed insecticide in his eye. What should immediate first aid involve? a. Placing an airtight dressing over the eye b. Administering activated charcoal to the patient c. Irrigating the eye with clean water for 20 minutes d. Placing 10 cc of sterile saline solution in the eye
Correct Answer: c. Irrigating the eye with clean water for 20 minutes
The energy of a moving object is called: a. Velocity b. Potential energy c. Kinetic energy d. Work
Correct Answer: c. Kinetic energy
The lower airway begins with the: a. Trachea b. Bronchioles c. Larynx d. Epiglottis
Correct Answer: c. Larynx
a 29 year old pregnant woman has had severe vomiting for the last 2 days. Today, she is vomiting large amounts of blood. Her skin is cool and pale and she is tachycardic. The EMT should suspect: a. Esophagitis b. Esophageal varies c. Mallory- weiss tear d. Acute pancreatitis
Correct Answer: c. Mallory- weiss tear
Your patient is a 19 year old female with severe vaginal bleeding. As part of the SAMPLE history it is particularly important to ask the patient if she: a. Feels dizzy b. Has vomited c. May be pregnant d. Has ingested poison
Correct Answer: c. May be pregnant
The manner in which a traumatic injury occurs is the: a. Nature of illness b. Injury pattern c. Mechanism of injury d. Chief complaint
Correct Answer: c. Mechanism of injury
A monitor/ defibrillator that delivers a shock by sending energy in a flow from negative to positive is: a. Automated b. Biphasic c. Monophasic d. Triphasic
Correct Answer: c. Monophasic
If a patient's respiratory rate is irregular, you should count the respirations for how long? a. 15 seconds and multiply by 4 b. 30 seconds and multiply by 2 c. One full minute d. Two full minutes
Correct Answer: c. One full minute
Which of the following organs lies in the retroperitoneal space? a. Liver b. Spleen c. Pancreas d. Gallbladder
Correct Answer: c. Pancreas
The EMT should use an AED on a child between 1 month and 8 years of age if: a. He or she is not breathing and has a weakly palpable pulse b. His or her condition is rapidly progressing to cardiac arrest c. Pediatric pads and an energy reducing device are available d. Special pads are used and the child has profound tachycardia
Correct Answer: c. Pediatric pads and an energy reducing device are available
You respond to a dispatch of an unknown medical event. As you arrive on scene an elderly gentleman greets you at the door and motions you to step inside. you are directed to the rear of the house, where an elderly woman presents to you sitting on the bed. she appears to be in severe respiratory distress..... After assessing the scene for hazards, what should you do next? a. Establish the patient's baseline vital signs b. Establish a SAMPLE history c. Perform an initial assessment d. Perform a focused assessment
Correct Answer: c. Perform an initial assessment
The bones that make up the toes are the: a. Tarsals b. Metatarsals c. Phalanges d. Carpals
Correct Answer: c. Phalanges
The bottom of the foot is referred to as the _________ surface. a. Superior b. Palmar c. Plantar d. Ventral
Correct Answer: c. Plantar
Treatment of a patient on Cardiogenic shock should include: a. Defibrillation b. Cardioversion c. Preservation of body heat d. Compression
Correct Answer: c. Preservation of body heat
The most effective way to control disease transmission is by using: a. Universal precautions b. Body substance isolation c. Proper hand washing d. Indirect contact
Correct Answer: c. Proper hand washing
Which patient should be placed in the recovery position? a. Pregnant woman who has been in a car accident b. Conscious cardiac patient complaining of shortness of breath c. Unresponsive patient who has a suspected spine injury d. Child in respiratory distress with a rate of 6/min
Correct Answer: c. Unresponsive patient who has a suspected spine injury
A 29 year old female presents with confusion and disorientation. Her respirations are rapid and shallow and her pulse is 120 beats per min and thready. She is markedly diaphoretic and has an oxygen saturation of 89%. You should: a. Transport immediately b. Administer oral glucose c. Provide ventilatory support d. Treat her for hyperglycemia
Correct Answer: c. Provide Ventilatory support
When caring for a patient whose baby whose delivering in breech presentation, you should do all of the following EXCEPT: a. Position the mother with her knees flexed, drawn up and widely separated b. Administer high flow oxygen to the mother and begin transport quickly c. Pull gently on the infants trunk or legs if delivery of the head is delayed d. allow the delivery to occur spontaneously until the trunk is delivered
Correct Answer: c. Pull gently on the infants trunk or legs is delivery of the head is delayed ( Never pull on the baby - instead place hands in the birth canal to hold cord and vagina away from the baby's head and transport rapidly)
After the contraction of the right ventricle the blood enters the: a. Aorta b. Left Atrium c. Pulmonary artery d. Pulmonary vein
Correct Answer: c. Pulmonary artery
When the speed of a motor vehicle doubles, the amount of kinetic energy: a. Doubles b. Triples c. Quadruples d. is not affected
Correct Answer: c. Quadruples
At an MCI, a pediatric patient who is breathing independently at a rate of 12 breaths per minute should be tagged with what color using the Jump- Start system? a. Green b. Yellow c. Red d. Black
Correct Answer: c. Red (because of decreased breathing rate)
You arrive on the scene to find an unconscious and unresponsive patient lying supine on the ground with his lower extremities in a puddle. By standers state that he was complaining of chest pain prior to falling to the ground. Before defibrillating this patient you should. a. Establish an airway b. Do 4 cycles of CPR c. Remove the patient from the puddle d. Start compressions
Correct Answer: c. Remove the patient from the puddle
All of the following are signs of inadequate breathing EXCEPT: a. Slow rate of breathing b. Cool, clammy skin c. respiratory rate of 12-20 d. Shallow breathing
Correct Answer: c. Respiratory rate of 12-20
What stage of labor begins with full dilation of the cervix? a. Pre- labor b. First stage c. Second stage d. Third stage
Correct Answer: c. Second stage
Treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) would MOST likely be contraindicated in which of the following situations? a. Pulmonary edema, history of hypertension, and anxiety b. Difficulty breathing, two-word dyspnea, and tachycardia c. Shortness of breath and blood pressure of 76/56 mm Hg d. Conscious and alert patient with an oxygen saturation of 85%
Correct Answer: c. Shortness of breath and blood pressure of 76/56 mm Hg
Your patient is a young male who appears to have dislocated his patella. How should you splint this injury? a. In a position of comfort b. Straighten the leg, the splint with a rigid splint c. Splint in the position found d. None of the above
Correct Answer: c. Splint in the position found
An injury that is caused by the stretching or tearing of tendons or ligaments is: a. Fracture b. Strain c. Sprain d. Pull
Correct Answer: c. Sprain
A bystander is doing CPR on a patient in cardiac arrest. You size up the scene, practice BSI and begin your initial assessment by having the bystander: a. Verify pulses b. Continue CPR c. Stop CPR d. Provide a history of cardiac arrest
Correct Answer: c. Stop CPR
The _______ supply blood to the upper extremities a. Brachial arteries b. Carotid arteries c. Subclavian arteries d. Radial arteries
Correct Answer: c. Subclavian arteries
Your patient has a large laceration to the top of his head. This area is best described as: a. Anterior b. Posterior c. Superior d. Proximal
Correct Answer: c. Superior
Your patient has suffered from an apparent heart attack. You should transport this patient to: a. The closes hospital b. A facility that has the capabilities for emergent angioplasty c. The facility that is approved by and stated in your protocols d. A level one cardiac center
Correct Answer: c. The facility that is approved by and stated in your protocols
In a frontal impact motor vehicle crash, there are typically three collisions that take place, the second collision is: a. The vehicle against another vehicle or object b. The organs against another structure or organ in the body c. The patient against the interior of the vehicle d. None of the above
Correct Answer: c. The patient against the interior of the vehicle
Which of the following is a sign that a patient is NOT getting an adequate amount of oxygen? a. The patient is coughing b. The patient is sitting forward c. The patient has an increased respiratory rate d. The patient states that he feels short of breath
Correct Answer: c. The patient has an increased respiratory rate
The left cerebral hemisphere controls: a. The right side of the face b. Heart rate and pupil reaction c. The right side of the body d. Breathing and blood pressure
Correct Answer: c. The right side of the body
The MOST important treatment for a patient with severe abdominal pain and signs of shock is: a. Administering high- flow oxygen b. Giving oral fluids to maintain perfusion c. Transporting the patient without delay d. Positioning the patient on his or her side
Correct Answer: c. Transporting the patient without delay
A condition where severe force or weight is placed upon the thorax, forcing blood from the right atrium into the circulation of the head and neck is: a. A hemothorax b. Pericardial tamponade c. Traumatic asphyxia d. Tension pneumothorax
Correct Answer: c. Traumatic asphyxia
A team that is assigned to a specific task is a: a. Group b. Division c. Unit d. Branch
Correct Answer: c. Unit
Which of the following is NOT immunization recommended for EMS personnel? a. Mumps b. Tetanus c. Varicella d. Measles
Correct Answer: c. Varicella
If a newborn isn't breathing immediately after birth or suctioning of the mouth and nose: a. Begin chest compressions b. use a neonatal BVM and administer breaths at a rate of 40- 60 per minute c. give tactile stimulation d. Invert the newborn and slap his or her buttocks
Correct Answer: c. give tactile stimulation
When performing chest compressions on an infant, compress the chest a. One inch to one and a half inches b. One inch c. one third to one half its depth d. One and one half inches to two inches
Correct Answer: c. one third to one half its depth
Which statement by a patient is most likely to suggest that the patient's thinking is psychotic: a. "I've never felt this bad before" b. "I know you can't help me" c. "Am I going to die?" d. " They sent you to lock me up "
Correct Answer: d. " They sent you to lock me up "
Using a reservoir with a bag- valve- mask system will allow oxygen levels to increase to nearly: a. 70% b. 90% c. 80% d. 100%
Correct Answer: d. 100%
What is the normal tidal volume of the bag of an adult BVM device? a. 800-1200 ml b. 500 - 700 ml c. 500 - 1200 ml d. 1200-1600 ml
Correct Answer: d. 1200-1600 ml
At a minimum, AED's should be checked every: a. Week b. Day c. Two weeks d. 30 days
Correct Answer: d. 30 days
When testing your suction equipment prior to use, you should turn it on and make sure that is able to generate a vacuum of more than ___________________mmHg a. 100 b. 550 c. 1000 d. 300
Correct Answer: d. 300
A full term pregnancy is usually_____________ weeks from the first day of the mothers last menstrual period a. 30 - 36 weeks b. 32- 38 weeks c. 36- 38 weeks d. 36 - 40 weeks
Correct Answer: d. 36 - 40 weeks
For which patient can you safely perform only a focused assessment, after taking vital signs and a SAMPLE history? a. 6 year old male, who fell off his bicycle in the road b. 11 year old male, who had a diving accident c. 25 year old female with cuts and bruises after a car crash d. 43 year old female who cut her finger in the kitchen
Correct Answer: d. 43 year old female who cut her finger in the kitchen
Which trauma patient is at greatest risk for serious injury? a. 43 year old male who fell seven feet from a step ladder b. 24 year old female, involved in a moderate speed vehicle collision c. 17 year old male, who fell off a bicycle on to concrete d. 5 year old female involved in a moderate speed collision
Correct Answer: d. 5 year old female involved in a moderate speed collision
The sudden blood loss of ___________ in a 1 to 8 year old can be life threatening a. 1,000 cc b. 200 cc c. 1,200 cc d. 500 cc
Correct Answer: d. 500 cc
In which situation would you be treating a patient under an assumption of implied consent? a. 4 year old male with broken leg parent gives permission for treatment b. 19 year old female with seizure, who refuses treatment or transport c. 47 year old male with chest pain requests transport to the hospital d. 80 year old female unconscious, no friends or family members present
Correct Answer: d. 80 year old female unconscious, no friends or family members present
When healthcare professionals speak of trending, they are referring to: a. New styles and methods of care delivery b. The tendency of depressed patients to refuse treatment c. A general change in the nation's health status d. A comparison of a patient's present and past condition
Correct Answer: d. A comparison of a patient's present and past condition
Older patients with abdominal problems may not exhibit the same pain response as younger patients because of: a. Chronic dementia with inhibits communication b. Interactions of the numerous medications they take c. Progressive deterioration of abdominal organ function d.Age- related deterioration of their sensory systems
Correct Answer: d. Age- related deterioration of their sensory systems
Nitroglycerine is supplied in which of the following forms? a. Sublingual tablets b. Transdermal patches c. Sublingual sprays d. All of the above
Correct Answer: d. All of the above
The logistics function of the Incident Command System includes: a. Providing resources b. Providing support to meet the incident c. Providing all services to support the incident d. All of the above
Correct Answer: d. All of the above
Upon arrival to the scene of a motor vehicle crash you should look for: a. Hazardous material and leaking materials from the vehicles b. Vehicle position and stability c. Overhead hazards, such as power lines, trees etc. d. All of the above
Correct Answer: d. All of the above
The type of amnesia where the patient is not able to recall events that have happened after a traumatic injury or event is: a. Retrograde amnesia b. Intermittent amnesia c. False amnesia d. Anterograde amnesia
Correct Answer: d. Anterograde amnesia
You arrive on the scene to find a 59 year old male patient sitting in his living room, complaining of crushing chest pain. He rates the pain 10:10, his skin is pale and he is diaphoretic. Your next action should be to immediately a. Administer .4 mg NTG SL b. Apply the AED c. Obtain a SAMPLE history d. Apply oxygen
Correct Answer: d. Apply oxygen
A young male sustained a gunshot wound to the abdomen during an altercation. As your partner is assessing and managing his airway, you should control the obvious bleeding and then: a. Apply a cervical collar b. Obtain baseline vital signs c. Auscultate bowel sounds d. Assess for an exit wound
Correct Answer: d. Assess for an exit wound
What is the most common cause of wheezing in pediatric patients? a. Pneumonia b. Pulmonary contusion c. Upper airway obstruction d. Asthma
Correct Answer: d. Asthma
Low blood flow to the heart is usually caused by: a. Hypovolemia b. Anemia c. Ischemia d. Atherosclerosis
Correct Answer: d. Atherosclerosis
The upper chambers of the heart are the: a. Ventricles b. Myocardium c. Septum d. Atria
Correct Answer: d. Atria
Your first preparation for the delivery of an infant should be: a. Contacting medical control b. Calming the mother c. Making a transport decision d. BSI precautions
Correct Answer: d. BSI precautions
At what point should you assess circulation, sensation, and movement when using a short spine board? a. Before the device is applied b. After the device is completely secured c. Before padding the voids d. Both a and b
Correct Answer: d. Both a and b
The smallest branches of the bronchi are the: a. Alveoli b. Pulmonary capillaries c. Bronchus d. Bronchioles
Correct Answer: d. Bronchioles
__________ have the thickness of approximately one cell and connect arterioles to venules a. Bronchioles b. Red blood cells c. Venule branches d. Capillaries
Correct Answer: d. Capillaries
Which of the following is NOT a component of a BVM a. Air chamber b. Face mask c. One way valve d. Capnography
Correct Answer: d. Capnography
Radio communications on an MCI or multi-system response incident should use: a. Radio codes b. Ten codes c. Numerical signals d. Clear text
Correct Answer: d. Clear text
What blood vessels supply blood to the heart muscle and are located inferiorly to the aortic valve, starting at the first part of the aorta? a. Plutonic arteries b. Plutonic veins c. Superior vena cava d. Coronary arteries
Correct Answer: d. Coronary arteries
The most common error that occurs with the operation of the AED is: a. Lead/ pad placement b. Sensitivity of the machine c. Difficulty of the machine d. Dead battery
Correct Answer: d. Dead battery
Which of the following findings would be LEAST suggestive of the presence of high- energy trauma? a. Dismounted seats b. Steering wheel deformity c. Intrusion into the vehicle d. Deployment of the air bag
Correct Answer: d. Deployment of the airbag
A conscious alert 29 year old female with a history of asthma complains of difficulty breathing that began after her morning jog. The temperature outside is 40 degrees Fahrenheit. on exam you hear bilateral expiratory wheezing. after providing supplemental oxygen you should: a. Place her in a recumbent position to facilitate breathing b. Contact medical control and administer an antihistamine c. Call medical control and ask how to proceed with treatment d. Determine if she has been prescribed a beta-agonist inhaler
Correct Answer: d. Determine if she has been prescribed a beta-agonist inhaler
When a patient is in anaphylaxis the exaggerated immune response causes blood vessels to __________ and the airway passages to __________ a. Constrict, dilate b. Dilate, dilate c. Constrict, Constrict d. Dilate, constrict
Correct Answer: d. Dilate, constrict
You respond to a dispatch of an unknown medical event. As you arrive on scene an elderly gentleman greets you at the door and motions you to step inside. you are directed to the rear of the house, where an elderly woman presents to you sitting on the bed. she appears to be in severe respiratory distress..... Which of the following questions would you NOT ask during your OPQRST of the present illness? a. When did you begin having trouble breathing b. Does anything else cause you pain or discomfort? c. Does anything make the breathing easier or worse? d. Do you have any respiratory problems?
Correct Answer: d. Do you have any respiratory problems?
The artery that can be palpated on the anterior surface of the foot is the: a. Femoral artery b. Brachial artery c. Anterior tibial artery d. Dorsalis pedis artery
Correct Answer: d. Dorsalis pedis artery
Which of the following is an atypical symptom of an acute myocardial infarction? a. Chest pain b. Nausea c. Neck pain d. Fatigue
Correct Answer: d. Fatigue
During delivery, the mother will experience some bleeding. What amount of bleeding is considered excessive? a. Greater than 275 ml b. Greater than 300 ml c. Greater than 375 ml d. Greater than 500 ml
Correct Answer: d. Greater than 500 ml
What color is used to identify a medical grade oxygen cylinder? a. Gray b. Brown c. Yellow d. Green
Correct Answer: d. Green
A contraindication for inserting an oropharyengenal airway is that a patient: a. is unconscious b. is being ventilated with a BVM c. Requires airway suctioning d. Has an intact gag reflex
Correct Answer: d. Has an intact gag reflex
A 75 year old male with type 1 diabetes presents with chest pain and a general feeling of weakness. He tells you that he took his insulin today and ate a regular meal approximately 2 hours ago. you should treat this patient as though he is experiencing: a. Hypoglycemia b. An acute stroke c. Hyperglycemia d. A heart attack
Correct Answer: d. Heart attack
The injury potential of a fall is directly related to the: a. Patient's height b. Patient's weight c. Patient's age d. Height from which the patient fell
Correct Answer: d. Height from which the patient fell
Which of the following most closely mimics the sign and symptoms of an acute stroke? a. Hypotension b. Carbon monoxide c. Hypoxia d. Hypoglycemia
Correct Answer: d. Hypoglycemia
Your patient is a 14 year old male who struck his head on a diving board and nearly drowned. Your first reaction should be to: a. Remove the patient from the water and warm him b. Release gastric distention and provide artificial ventilation c. administer oxygen and provide artificial ventilation d. Immobilized the patient while still in the water
Correct Answer: d. Immobilize the patient while still in the water
Your patient is an adult male who was found in a state of collapse. He has no identification and no one else is nearby. When you care for this patient, you are acting under the legal doctrine of: a. Expressed consent b. Eminent domain c. Advanced directives d. Implied consent
Correct Answer: d. Implied consent
Upon arrival to an incident, an EMT should report to the: a. First unit on scene b. Triage group c. Staging area d. Incident Commander
Correct Answer: d. Incident Commander
Injury to a hollow abdominal organ would MOST likely result in: a. Pain secondary to blood in the peritoneum b. Profound shock due to severe internal bleeding c. Impairment in the blood's clotting abilities d. Leakage of contents into the abdominal cavity
Correct Answer: d. Leakage of contents into the abdominal cavity
The ________ divides into two major branches, which supply blood to the left ventricle: a. Left pulmonary vein b. Left pulmonary artery c. Right pulmonary vein d. Left coronary artery
Correct Answer: d. Left coronary artery
Which of these situations is a true emergency that cannot be managed in the field? a. Breech presentation b. Meconium in the amniotic fluid c. Multiple births d. Limb presentation
Correct Answer: d. Limb presentation
What are the principle signs of hypovolemic shock? a. Normal blood pressure and rapid weak pulse b. Low blood pressure and bounding pulse c. Low blood pressure and normal pulse d. Low blood pressure and rapid weak pulse
Correct Answer: d. Low blood pressure and rapid weak pulse
Your patient complains of headache, stiff neck, fever and has an altered mental status. You should suspect: a. Stroke b. Traumatic brain injury c. Viral syndrome d. Meningitis
Correct Answer: d. Meningitis
A standard of care is the: a. Highest level of care an EMT can legally provide b. List of skills EMT's are required to perform in your state c. National description of all procedures EMT's may perform d. Minimum level of care that is normally provided in your locality
Correct Answer: d. Minimum level of care that is normally provided in your locality
When you arrive at the residence of a patient who has a possible airway obstruction, you notice that the patient is coughing forcefully. Bystanders state that he was chewing a piece of steak, laughed and then began coughing. Your next action should be to: a. Start performing abdominal thrusts (i.e Heimlich maneuver) b. Attempt to remove the object manually c. Tell the patient to extend his arms over his head d. Monitor the patient closely and encourage him to continue coughing
Correct Answer: d. Monitor the patient closely and encourage him to continue coughing
When transmitting a radio report to the receiving facility, you should not include the patients: a. Medical history b. Age c. Mechanism of injury d. Name
Correct Answer: d. Name
Your patient os a conscious, injured male who is in control of his own actions and is refusing care. You can treat this patient legally under: a. Implied consent b. Verbal consent c. Expressed consent d. No circumstances
Correct Answer: d. No circumstances
Good Samaritan Laws protect EMT- B's from a lawsuit: a. Only if proper care is provided b. As long as willful negligence is not proven c. As long as EMT- B acts outside his or her scope of practice d. None of the above
Correct Answer: d. None of the above
An umbilical cord that is wrapped around the infant''s neck is called a: a. Prolasped cord b. Granulomar umbilicus c. Umbilical hernia d. Nuchal cord
Correct Answer: d. Nuchal cord
In order for efficient pulmonary gas exchange to occur: a. The percentage of inhaled carbon dioxide must exceed the percentage of inhaled oxygen b. There must be low quantities of pulmonary surfactant to allow for full alveolar expansion c. the pulmonary capillaries must be completely constricted and the alveoli must be collapsed d. oxygen and carbon dioxide must be able to freely diffuse across the alveolar- capillary membrane
Correct Answer: d. Oxygen and carbondioxide must be able to freely diffuse across alveolar- capillary membrane
Your patient is an elderly female who is found lying supine in bed. She is cool to the touch with a decreased body temperature she suffered heat loss due to: a. Evaporation b. Conduction c. Convection d. Radiation
Correct Answer: d. Radiation
A hazardous Class 7 indicates: a. Flammable materials b. Toxic materials c. Corrosive materials d. Radioactive materials
Correct Answer: d. Radioactive materials
What component in the blood contains hemoglobin? a. White blood cells b. Platelets c. Plasma d. Red blood cells
Correct Answer: d. Red blood cells
A patient in cardiac arrest is wearing an external defibrillator vest, which is interfering with effective chest compressions. the EMT should: a. Leave the battery attached to the monitor and remove the vest b. Remove the battery from the monitor and leave the vest in place c. Perform ventilations only and allow the vest device to defibrillate d. Remove the battery from the monitor and then remove the vest
Correct Answer: d. Remove the battery from the monitor and then remove the vest
You are employed as an EMT in a tiered- response system. After assuring scene safety and BSI, your patient is found lying unconscious and unresponsive. upon exiting the ambulance you should first a. Check his airway b. Check the patient for a pulse c. Apply oxygen d. Request paramedics to be dispatched to your location
Correct Answer: d. Request paramedics to be dispatched to your location
Cardiopulmonary arrest in children is most commonly caused by: a. Underlying cardiac disease b. Traumatic injuries c. Child abuse d. Respiratory failure
Correct Answer: d. Respiratory failure
When a patient's breathing is reduced to the point where the oxygen intake is not enough to support life, the result is: a. Respiratory distress b. Agonal respirations c. Adventitious breath sounds d. Respiratory failure
Correct Answer: d. Respiratory failure
If a cold injury appears to be deep you should NOT: a. Splint the injury b. Cover the injury c. Remove jewelry d. Rewarm the injury
Correct Answer: d. Rewarm the injury
The most important aspect of an MCI is: a. The appropriate number of responding units b. Establishing a unified command c. Establishing incident command d. Scene Safety
Correct Answer: d. Scene Safety
When you and your partner arrive to a medical call that is only five minutes from the hospital, the patient is walking toward the ambulance. What should be your first course of action? a. Initial assessment b. Focused history and physical exam c. Detailed physical exam d. Scene size up
Correct Answer: d. Scene size up
Which of the following is a strong indicator of circulatory status in a child who is less than a year old? a. Blood pressure b. Respiratory rate c. Pulse pressure d. Skin
Correct Answer: d. Skin
Which of the following is NOT part of the major functions of the incident command system? a. Planning b. Finance c. Operations d. Staffing
Correct Answer: d. Staffing
The scope of practice is most commonly defined by: a. Your medical director b. Your standard operating procedures c. Medical control d. State law
Correct Answer: d. State law
Which symptoms are signs of partial upper airway obstruction due to the presence of a foreign body? a. Increased work of breathing during expiration with a wheezy cough b. Gasping respiratory efforts and the patient is unable to cough or speak c. No effort of breathing, absent chest wall movement, unable to cough or speak d. Stridor during inspiration, inability to speak and dyspnea
Correct Answer: d. Stridor during inspiration, inability to speak and dyspnea
You have responded to the scene of a motor vehicle accident and suddenly feel overwhelmed. You should: a. Ask bystanders to call 911 and have them tell the dispatcher that you need more help b. Tell yourself it is not your emergency and you are there to help c. Not show outward signs of anxiety d. Take a step back and call for additional resources
Correct Answer: d. Take a step back and call for additional resources
How will you know if the application of the PASG has been effective? a. The bleeding has stopped b. The affected limb has been immobilized c. Distal pulses are present d. The blood pressure increases
Correct Answer: d. The blood pressure increases
The treatment group is responsible for: a. The direction of incoming resources b. The sorting of patients according to their seriousness and injuries c. Obtaining resources for the transport of patients to the appropriate facility d. The establishment of a treatment area, where patients can be treated and collected
Correct Answer: d. The establishment of a treatment area, where patients can be treated and collected
The use of reasonable force when dealing with a patient with a behavioral disorder refers to a. The force necessary to incapacitate the patient. b. Calling in police backup in a reasonable way. c. Using soft restraints rather than handcuffs. d. The force necessary to restrain the patient.
Correct Answer: d. The force necessary to restrain the patient
In addition to obvious injuries, what information is needed to determine injuries or suspected injuries in a trauma patient? a. The patients medical history b. Bystander's accounts of what happened c. The patient's account of what happened d. The mechanism of injury
Correct Answer: d. The mechanism of injury
The third stage of labor is complete when: a. The baby is born b. Contractions begin c. Contractions cease d. The placenta delivers
Correct Answer: d. The placenta delivers
You should allow family members to remain with a patient EXCEPT when: a. The patient is in the process of dying b. The patient has gruesome injuries c. They want to reassure the patient d. They interfere with patient care
Correct Answer: d. They interfere with patient care
What is the proper order for securing a patient to a long spine board? a. Head, torso, extremities b. Head extremities torso c. Torso, head, extremities d. Torso extremities, head
Correct Answer: d. Torso extremities, head
To help determine what poison a patient has ingested, you should be alert for chemical burns around the mouth as well as: a. Burns on the hands b. Red colored vomitus c. Moist or dry skin d. Unusual breath odors
Correct Answer: d. Unusual breath odors
Your patient has had a previous laryngectomy, is conscious, atraumatic and has agonal respirations. He is lying supine on the floor. How would you ventilate this patient? a. Use an adult sized mask directly over the stoma and ventilate with a BVM using a hand to seal the patients nose and mouth b. Use head tilt chin lift and a BVM c. Insert an ET tube directly into the stoma and ventilate using a BVM d. Use an infant or child sized mask, make a seal over the stoma, ventilate with a BVM, and use a hand to seal the patients nose and mouth
Correct Answer: d. Use an infant or child sized mask, make a seal over the stoma, ventilate with a BVM, and use a hand to seal the patients nose and mouth
Which of the following lists the correct order for cardiopulmonary circulation? a. Vena cava, left atrium, left ventricle, pulmonary veins, lungs, pulmonary arteries, right atrium, right ventricle, aorta b. Aorta, right ventricle, right atrium, pulmonary arteries, lungs, pulmonary veins, left ventricle, left atrium, vena cava c. Aorta, right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary veins, lungs, pulmonary arteries left atrium, left ventricle, vena cava d. Vena cava, right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary arteries, lungs, pulmonary veins, left atrium, left ventricle, aorta
Correct Answer: d. Vena cava, right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary arteries, lungs, pulmonary veins, left atrium, left ventricle, aorta
After receiving a medication order by medical control, you should a. Reassess vital signs b. Check the expiration date of the medication c. Administer the medication d. Verify the proper medication form and dose
Correct Answer: d. Verify the proper medication form and dose
After receiving a medication order by medical control, you should: a. Reassess vital signs b. Check the expiration date of the medication c. Administer the medication d. Verify the proper medication form and dose
Correct Answer: d. Verify the proper medication form and dose
What is the membrane that is attached to the lung surface? a. Parietal pleura b. Diaphragm c. Pleural membrane d. Visceral pleura
Correct Answer: d. Visceral pleura
In which situation should you assist a patient with using a prescribed inhaler? a. 47 year old male: history of severe asthma; respirations 28/min; wheezing, unresponsive b. 6 year old female: history of upper respiratory infection; respiratory rate 24/ min and coughing c. 69 year old male: history of emphysema; difficulty breathing; inhaler was prescribed for his son d. 14 year old female: history of asthma respirations, 24/min; alert; used the inhaler one time yesterday
Correct Answer: d. d. 14 year old female: history of asthma respirations, 24/min; alert; used the inhaler one time yesterday
Which of the following destinations is most appropriate for a 41 year old male patient who was involved in a rollover motor vehicle collision and is unconscious and unresponsive. assuming that travel times to each is equal? a. Only a level 1 trauma center b. A level 1 or level 2 trauma center c. A level 4 or level 3 trauma center d. Any designated trauma center is acceptable
Correct Answer: b. A level 1 or level 2 trauma center
What is the difference between ventilations and respirations?
Correct Answers: - Ventilations are the bodies ability to move air in and out of the lungs - Respiration is the exchange of gases in the alveoli of the lung
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, which of the following is the third leading cause of death in the 15 to 24 year old age group? a. Suicide b. Motor vehicle accidents c. Head injuries d. Respiratory disorders
Correct Answers: a. Suicide
The agency that develops the National Standard Curricula for various levels of providers is the: a. National Registry of Emergency Medical Technicians b. National Highway Traffic Safety Administrations c. National Associations of Emergency Medical Technicians d. National Association of Prehospital Medical Providers
Correct Answers: b. National Highway Traffic Safety Administrations
When the level of arterial carbon dioxide rises above normal: a. The brain stem inhibits respirations b. Respirations increase in rate and depth c. Exhalation lasts longer than inhalation d. Respirations decrease in rate and depth
Correct answer: b. respirations increase in rate and depth
What allows for the exchange of waste and nutrients at a cellular level? a. Venules b. Mitochondria c. Capillaries d. Platelets
Correct answer: c. Capillaries
Which of the following is a risk factor for SIDS? a. A mother older than 40 years old b. Infant who was recently diagnosed with an upper respiratory infection c. Infant with poor hygiene d. Mother who smoked during pregnancy
Correct answer: d. Mother who smoked during pregnancy
If the velocity of a bullet is doubled, the energy that is available to cause damage is: a. The same b. Doubled c. Tripled d. Quadrupled
Correct answer: d. Quadrupled
Which types of motor vehicle collisions present the greatest potential for multiple impacts? a. Lateral and rollover b. Frontal and rotational c. Rear- end and rotational d. Rotational and rollover
Correct answer: d. Rotational and rollover
