Exam #3 GI, Respiratory
Ondansetron (zofran)
prevention of nausea and vomiting associated with initial and repeat courses of chemotherapy -8mg PO or IV -administer 30-60 minutes prior
what is the purpose of cromolyn
prevents release of inflammatory substances
antihistamines
produces drowsiness
what are proton pumps responsible for?
producing hydrogen ion
what is albuterol considered as?
"rescue inhaler" -used for acute exacerbations of lung disease
prevention and treatment for COPD
-Reduce environmental exposure to irritants -Smoking cessation -Avoid exposure to known irritants and allergens -Open the conducting airways through muscular bronchodilation -Decrease the effects of inflammation on the airway lining
Steps to using albuterol inhaler
1. remove cap and shake inhaler 2. breathe out all the way 3. breathe in and press down on the inhaler 4. hold your breath and count to 10 5. slowly breathe out
What drug enhances the output of respiratory tract fluid by reducing the adhesiveness and surface tension of the fluid, which facilitates the removal of viscous mucous? A. guaifenesin B. flunisolide C. acetylcysteine D. dextromethorphan
A. guaifenesin
The nurse is caring for a patient taking Budesonide. What would be an appropriate nursing diagnosis for this patient? A. risk for injury related to immunosuppression B. risk for injury related to CNS effects C. risk for injury related to CVS effects D. risk for injury related to age and risk of infection
A. risk for injury related to immunosuppression
A nurse is teaching a client who is to start taking famotidine for peptic ulcer disease. Which of the following client statements should the nurse identify as understanding of the teaching? A. "I will stop taking famotidine when my stomach pain is gone" B. "I know smoking makes famotidine less effective" C. "I will take famotidine anytime my stomach hurts" D. "I know that famotidine will turn my stool black"
B. "I know smoking makes famotidine less effective"
Which of the following is a very popular OTC laxative? A. cascara B. magnesium citrate C. Bisacodyl D. polycarbophil
B. Magnesium Citrate
What H2 antagonist has been associated with antiandrogenic effects? A. famotidine B. cimetidine C. nizatidine D. ranitidine
B. cimetidine
A nurse is planning care for a client who is prescribed metoclopramide following bowel surgery. For which of the following adverse effects should the nurse monitor? A. muscle weakness B. sedation C. tinnitus D. peripheral edema
B. sedation
A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has gastric ulcer and a new prescription for ranitidine. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? A. "take the medication on an empty stomach for full effectiveness" B. "you may discontinue this medication when stomach discomfort subsides" C. "report yellowing of the skin" D. "store the medication in the refrigerator"
C. "report yellowing of the skin" -Hepatotoxic
Which of the following is an adverse reaction to topical steroids? A. increased nasal drainage B. rebound effect C. suppression of healing D. local ulceration
C. Suppression of healing
A nurse if providing teaching to a client who has peptic ulcer disease and is to start a new prescription for sucralfate. Which of the following actions of sucralfate should the nurse include in the teaching? A. decreases stomach acid secretion B. neutralizes acids in the stomach C. form a protective barrier over ulcers D. treats ulcers by eradicating H. pylori
C. form a protective barrier over ulcers -antipeptic agent that forms a healing complex
Drug act in several ways on the secretions of the GI tract. Which action affects the GI secretions least? A. decreases secretory activity B. blocks secretions C. replaces secretions D. prevents erosions
C. replaces secretions
A nurse is providing teaching to a client who is to start treatment for asthma with beclomethasone and albuterol inhalers. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching? A. "take beclomethasone to avoid an acute attack" B. "use beclomethasone 5 minutes before using albuterol" C. "limit your calcium and vitamin D intake when taking beclomethasone" D. "rinse your mouth after inhaling the beclomethasone"
D. "rinse your mouth after inhaling the beclomethasone"
what can guaifenesin be combined with?
DM
peptic ulcer disease
Erosions in the lining of the stomach and adjacent areas of the GI tract
cause of peptic ulcer disease
H. pylori
adverse effects of Aluminum salts?
constipation
adverse effect of prostaglandins?
contraction of uterus -if patient is pregnant, baby will be aborted
sympathetic adverse effects of oral decongestants
increase BP
what is the antidote for acetaminophen toxicity?
acetylcysteine
cimetidine (Tagamet)
anti-androgenic that will cause gynecomastia in males
advantage of ICS
anti-inflammatory effect
why should antacids be given daily?
avoid rebound acid effect
which antidiarrheal drug produces Reyes syndrome?
bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol)
antitussives
block the cough reflex
advantage of anticholinergics?
bronchodilator but does not increase HR
what is an example of a stress-induced ulcer?
burn injury
peptic ulcer disease symptoms
burning pain, often occurring after meals
decongestants
decrease blood flow to the upper respiratory tract and decrease overproduction of secretions -alpha 1 agonist
Adverse effects of Magnesium salts?
diarrhea
mucolytics
directly lyse to liquefy secretions
what is the most common adverse effect of ipratropium?
dry mouth
what are antacids coupled with?
electrolytes
what are antipeptic agents good for?
good for existing ulcer to prevent further injury or contact with acid
why is an adverse effect of antacids alkalosis?
if acids are neutralized, pH will increase and alkalosis will dominate
onset effects of antacids
immediate onset -give first, then H2 second as maintenance
expectorants
increase productive cough to clear airways
disadvantage of ICS
increases blood sugar (hyperglycemia) increases risk for infection
function of prostaglandins?
inhibits acid but favors mucous
why should you avoid alcohol when taking antihistamines?
it will exacerbate drowsiness and sedation
purpose of inhaled corticosteroids
maintenance pump to control asthma
1st gen antihistamines
more profound sedation
rebound congestion
opposite of intended effect of the drug
what is famotidine (Pepcid) usually used for?
pediatrics
why is a spacer needed for children with asthma as a way to suspend medication and administer?
reduces the amount of coordination required to inhale the particles
duodenal ulcer
relieved by food intake
gastric ulcer
relieved by skipping meals