infection control- modes of transmission
Health care workers are potentially exposed to these diseases in one of two ways?
A percutaneous injury in which a health care worker is injured by a sharps object A mucocutaneous exposure incident with the contact of a mucous membrane or non-intact skin with blood, tissue, or other potentially infectious bodily fluids
what are the three of the most common bloodborne pathogens from which health care workers are at risk?
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus
what kind of instruments produce aerosols?
Power scalers produce an aerosol.
what is droplet transmisson?
Refers to spray with relatively large, short-range aerosols produced by sneezing, coughing, or even talking.
What is indirect transmission?
Refers to the transfer of an infectious agent from a reservoir to a host by suspended air particles, inanimate objects (vehicles), or animate intermediaries (vectors).
virus diameter? bacteria diameter? spores diameter?
Viruses are the smallest with diameters of 0.02-0.3 μm. Bacteria have diameters in the range of 0.5-10 μm. Spores are the largest with diameters in the range of 0.5-30 μm.
What is indirect transmission?
an infectious agent is transferred from a reservoir to a susceptible host by direct contact or droplet spread.
Direct contact also refers to contact with soil or vegetation harboring infectious organisms. is this statement correct?
correct
Droplet nuclei are dried residue of what size?
fewer than 5 microns in size.
Name some diseases that can be transmitted by droplet transmission.
group A streptococcus, Pertussis and meningococcal infection
what are bloodborne transmissions?
microorganisms spread through blood and other body fluids.
Heavy particles that remain airborne for a relatively long period. Aerosol is larger than 20 microns. both statements are false both statements are true the first statement is true the second statement is false the first statement is false the second statement is true
the first statement is false the second statement is true. Heavy particles that remain airborne for a relatively short period. Aerosol is larger than 20 microns.
true or false? N95 masks or higher blocks at least 95% down to 0.3 microns.
true
what droplet transmission classified as?
Droplet spread is classified as direct because transmission is by direct spray over a few feet before the droplets fall to the ground.
What are vehicles of transmission?
Food, water, biologic products (e.g., blood), and fomites (inanimate objects such as handkerchiefs, bedding, or surgical scalpels) that can carry an infectious agent A vehicle may passively carry a pathogen (e.g.,) food or water may carry the hepatitis A virus
name some diseases spread through direct contact.
Infectious mononucleosis, gonorrhea, herpes simplex virus, HIV, and hepatitis are transmitted by direct
What are vectors?
Mosquitoes, fleas, and ticks may carry an infectious agent through purely mechanical means or may support growth or changes in the agent.
name some disease transmitted airborne?
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, rubeola virus (measles), and varicella-zoster virus (chickenpox) can be transmitted by airborne transmission
What is OSHA?
OSHA is the organization that provides rules for the protection of employees in the workplace against occupational exposure to blood-borne pathogens.
how does direct contact transmission occur?
Occurs through skin-to-skin contact, kissing, and sexual intercourse.
What is airborne transmission?
Occurs when infectious agents are carried by dust or droplet nuclei suspended in air for long periods of time and maybe blown over great distances. Airborne dust includes material that has settled on surfaces and become resuspended by air currents as well as infectious particles blown from the soil by the wind.
