Introduction management science chapter 8
The early start for an activity on the critical path is always equal to the earliest finish of the preceding activity.
True
The early start of an activity that has only one predecessor is equal to the early finish of that predecessor.
True
The expected project completion time is assumed to be normally distributed.
True
The sequence of activities in a project is depicted by the precedence relationships.
True
When earliest finish is subtracted from latest finish, we obtain the slack value for the activity.
True
Given the following information for a project, identify the critical path and determine the total completion time of the project (120 graph)
Critical path = BCEH. Project completion time = 25 days.
A work breakdown structure is a useful tool because it addresses the timing of individual work elements.
False
In PERT, the expected project completion time is assumed to be distributed according to a beta distribution.
False
In PERT, three time estimates (optimistic, most likely, and pessimistic) provide an estimate of the mean and variance for each activity, based on the normal distribution.
False
One aspect of project control is team building.
False
Shortening the project's duration by deleting unnecessary activities is called crashing.
False
The PERT pessimistic time estimate is an estimate of the minimum time an activity will require.
False
The critical path is the shortest path through the project network.
False
The early finish for an activity on the critical path is equal to the latest finish of the preceding activity.
False
Two concurrent activities in a project can be represented in an AOA network by starting and ending on the same node.
False
A(n) ________ chart is a graph or a bar chart for each activity that shows the project schedule and the passage of time.
Gantt Chart
What are the estimated slack times (in weeks) for activities A-H?(View graph 106-114)
(0; 5; 15; 0; 5; 15; 0; 0)
Given the following information for a project, draw the AON (Activity-On-Node) project network. (118)
Image
Within what amount of time (in weeks) is there a 90% probability that the critical path for this project will be completed?(View graph 106-114)
81.4
What is the early finish time for activity K?(View project san mandala) A) 36 B) 35 C) 34 D) 33
A) 36
Elements of project planning include: A) defining project objectives. B) identifying activities to crash. C) calculating expected times and standard deviations. D) conducting a "lessons learned" session.
A) defining project objectives
How long will it take to complete the project?(View activity durations network graph (88-94)) A) 24 days B) 25 days C) 26 days D) 27 days
B) 25 days
On an AOA diagram, a ________ represents an activity of a project. A) route B) branch C) path D) node
B) Branch
What is the standard deviation of the AC path?(view thai construction graph) A) 1.83 B) 1.67 C) 1.43 D) 2.00
C) 1.43
Some of the benefits of working with a high tech startup are the free private chefs, yoga lessons, and bicycle shops available to the employees assigned to the project. These amenities cost Elon $450 million per month. What is the least expensive project completion cost?
$32,350 million by crashing both B and F by two months.
What are the estimated expected completion (mean) times (in weeks) for activities A-H?(View graph 102-105)
(15; 20; 10; 35; 25; 30; 20; 5)
What are the estimated standard deviations (in weeks) in the times for activities A-H?(View graph 106-114)
(2; 1.67; 2; 4; 1.33; 3; 2; 1)
Given the following information for a project, what are the estimated slack times (in weeks) for activities A-H? (Graph 121)
(A = 2; B = 0; C = 0; D = 2; E = 0; F = 4; G = 2; H = 0)
Compute the probability that the project will be completed in 22 days.
0.128
What is the probability that the critical path for this project will be completed within 75 weeks?(View graph 106-114)
0.5
What is the probability that the critical path for this project will be completed within 80 weeks?(View graph 106-114)
0.8413
How long will it take to complete the project?
25 days
Which activity has a slack time that is different from all others? (View dinnertime graph) A) hire quartet B) hire valets C) schedule butler D) schedule cleaning crew
A) hire quartet
Which of these is not a critical path activity? (View dinnertime graph) A) hire quartet B) hire valets C) schedule butler D) schedule cleaning crew
A) hire quartet
Identify all paths in the network.
ABDFH, ACEFH, ACEGH, ACGH
What is the critical path for this project network?(View graph 102-105)
ADGH
What is the late start time for the Stock wine cellar activity? (View dinnertime graph) A) 12 B) 17 C) 20 D) 24
C) 20
Which activity should be crashed to reduce the project completion time by one day?(View diagram 95-96) A) E B) B C) C D) D
C) C
Elements of project planning include: A) identifying time-cost tradeoffs. B) determining the project critical path. C) comparing project schedule objectives. D) all of the above
C) Comparing project schedule objectives
In an AOA network, a(n) ________ activity is used to show a precedence relationship, but it does not represent passage of time.
Dummy
In PERT, the project variance is the sum of the variance of all project activities.
False
The early start for a non-critical activity is always equal to the earliest finish of the preceding activity.
False
The early start of an activity that has more than one predecessor is the minimum of the earliest finishes of all predecessors.
False
The standard deviation of project duration is the average of the standard deviation of all activities on the critical path.
False
The expected project completion time is assumed to be ________ distributed based on the central limit theorem.
Normally
A(n) ________ breaks down a project into modules: subcomponents, components, activities, and tasks.
Word breakdown structure
A work breakdown structure breaks down a project into: A) weeks. B) areas. C) arcs. D) modules.
D) modules
On an AOA diagram, a(n) ________ represents the beginning and end of activities, referred to as events. A) path B) arc C) branch D) node
D) Node
Determine the slack for activity F.(view graph) A) 3 days B) 2 days C) 1 days D) 0 days
C) 1 days
What is the least expensive 30-month project? (Amounts are in millions.)(view elon's graph) A) $18,900 B) $19,200 C) $19,500 D) $19,800
A) $18,900
Determine the latest start for activity E.(View graph 106-114)
25 weeks
The project manager is negotiating a contract that will provide a substantial bonus if they can complete the project within an agreed deadline. What deadline would give them an 80% chance of finishing the project?
27.2 days
If the early start for activity A is equal to 23 months and the duration of activity A is equal to 5 months, what is the earliest finish for activity A?(View graph 102-105)
28 months
What is the estimated standard deviation (in weeks) for the critical path completion time?(View graph 106-114)
5
If the earliest finish for activity C is equal to 10 months and its duration 3 months, what is its earliest start? (View graph 102-105)
7 months
What is the estimated expected mean time (in weeks) for the project completion?(View graph 106-114)
75
Within what amount of time (in weeks) is there a 99% probability that the critical path for this project will be completed? (View graph 106-114)
86.65
Some of the benefits of working with a high tech startup are the free private chefs, yoga lessons, and bicycle shops available to the employees assigned to the project. These amenities cost Elon $450 million per month. The federal government is so eager to reach the surface of the sun to mine the helium that they impose a $250 million fine for every month the project requires beyond 22 months. What is the least expensive project completion cost? (Amounts are in millions.)(view elon's graph) A) $33,700 B) $33,100 C) $32,850 D) $32,350
A) $33,700
Determine the slack for activity D. (View graph) A) 0 days B) 1 days C) 2 days D) 3 days
A) 0 days
Moses used a project management software package and has determined the following for his upcoming project: Expected completion time of the project = 40 years Variance of project completion time = 10 What is the probability of completing the project within 37 years? A) 0.17 B) 0.24 C) 0.31 D) 0.38
A) 0.17
What is the likelihood that the B path is completed in under 15 days?(view thai construction graph) A) 0.56 B) 0.27 C) 0.43 D) 0.16
A) 0.56
How much can activity F be delayed without delaying the project completion? (view graph) A) 1 day B) 2 days C) 3 days D) 4 days
A) 1 day
What is the expected time for activity B?(view thai construction graph) A) 14.83 B) 15.00 C) 14.67 D) 14.33
A) 14.83
What deadline is equally likely for path DE and path AC?(view thai construction graph) A) 18.6 days B) 17.4 days C) 16.2 days D) 15.0 days
A) 18.6 days
What is the late start time for activity H?(View project san mandala) A) 21 B) 24 C) 17 D) 23
A) 21
The project manager is negotiating a contract that will provide a substantial bonus if they can complete the project within an agreed deadline. What deadline would give them a 75% chance of finishing the project?(View activity durations network graph (88-94)) A) 26.78 days B) 27.86 days C) 28.67 days D) 26.87 days
A) 26.78 days
Which path is the critical path?(View activity durations network graph (88-94)) A) ABDFH B) ACEFH C) ACEGH D) ACGH
A) ABDFH
Project management differs from management of more traditional day-to-day activities because: A) it has limited time frame. B) it has an unlimited budget. C) it is more expensive. D) it involves more of the workforce.
A) It has limited time frame
The critical path is the ________ path through the network.
A) Longest
A list of the tasks, broken down into modules, components, and individual tasks, is called a: A) work breakdown structure (WBS). B) PERT. C) planning matrix. D) critical path.
A) Wbs
The LS and LF are calculated using the: A) backward pass through the network. B) forward pass through the network. C) values for ES and EF. D) backward and forward pass through the network.
A) backward pass through the network.
Identify the critical path.
ABDFH
Fill in all of the missing information for activity A and for activity K.
Activities A and K must both be on the critical path, so A has early and late start times of 0. The early finish for A was given as 10, so its late finish must also be 10, hence its duration must be 10. The late finish for activity K was provided as 36, thus its early finish must be 36. The late finish for activity J, its immediate predecessor, was given as 28, so K's early and late starts must both be 28. K's duration is then 8.
Some of the benefits of working with a high tech startup are the free private chefs, yoga lessons, and bicycle shops available to the employees assigned to the project. These amenities cost Elon $450 million per month. The federal government is so eager to reach the surface of the sun to mine the helium that they impose a $250 million fine for every month the project requires beyond 22 months. What is the least expensive project completion cost for a 29-month duration project? (Amounts are in millions.) (view elon's graph) A) $34,700 B) $34,100 C) $33,850 D) $33,350
B) $34,100
What is the likelihood that the project takes longer than 21 days to complete?(view thai construction graph) A) 0.83 B) 0.24 C) 0.43 D) 0.16
B) 0.24
What is the late finish time for activity A?(View project san mandala) A) 9 B) 10 C) 11 D) 12
B) 10
What is the slack time for the Stock wine cellar activity?(View dinnertime graph) A) 8 B) 10 C) 12 D) 14
B) 10
What is the early start time for the Hire valets activity? (View dinnertime graph) A) 31 B) 27 C) 23 D) 20
B) 27
A PERT/CPM activity has an optimistic time estimate of 4 days, a most likely time estimate of 6 days, and a pessimistic time estimate of 10 days. The expected time (in days) of this activity is: (view thai construction graph) A) 6.0. B) 6.33. C) 7.0. D) 7.5.
B) 6.33.
A PERT/CPM activity has an optimistic time estimate of 3 days, a most likely time estimate of 8 days, and a pessimistic time estimate of 10 days. The expected time (in days) of this activity is: A) 7.0. B) 7.5. C) 8.0. D) 8.5.
B) 7.5.
A PERT/CPM activity has an optimistic time estimate of 3 days, a most likely time estimate of 8 days, and a pessimistic time estimate of 10 days. The standard deviation of this activity is:(view thai construction graph) A) 7/9. B) 7/6. C) 1/3. D) 2/3.
B) 7/6.
A Gantt chart represents mainly: A) an immediate identification of predecessor task. B) a record-keeping device used in scheduling activities. C) a general identifier. D) the number of workers directly involved in the project.
B) A record-keeping device used in scheduling activities
If an activity cannot be delayed without affecting the entire project, then it is a ________ activity. A) completed B) critical C) crashed D) normal
B) Critical
The activities that must be completed prior to the start of an activity in question are called the immediate ________ of the activity in question. A) successors B) predecessors C) successors and predecessors D) followers
B) Predecessors
A dummy activity in a PERT network allows us to: (view graph) A) specify the positive time and resources required to complete the activity. B) maintain the precedence relationships. C) add more starting nodes. D) add more ending nodes.
B) maintain the precedence relationships.
Three time estimates (optimistic, most likely, and pessimistic) provide an estimate of the mean and variance for each activity, based on the ________ distribution.
Beta
What is the probability that the project will be completed in 22 days?(View activity durations network graph (88-94)) A) 0.029 B) 0.065 C) 0.128 D) 0.225
C) 0.128
Moses used a project management software package and has determined the following for his upcoming project: Expected completion time of the project = 40 years Variance of project completion time = 10 What is the probability of completing the project over 42 years? A) 0.232 B) 0.247 C) 0.263 D) 0.281
C) 0.263
What is the early start time for activity G?(View project san mandala) A) 11 B) 13 C) 15 D) 19
C) 15
Due to a downturn in the car business, the project manager is informed that he needs to keep the budget at a maximum of $20,000 million. How quickly can the project be completed with that budget constraint?(view elon's graph) A) 32 months B) 30 months C) 28 months D) 26 months
C) 28 months
Which activity should be crashed to reduce the project completion by 2 days? (View diagram 95-96) A) Crash activity B by 1 day and Activity C by 1 day. B) Crash activity E by 2 days. C) Crash activity C by 1 day and activity E by 1 day. D) Crash activity B by 2 days.
C) Crash activity C by 1 day and activity E by 1 day.
Which of these statements regarding project crashing is true? (View activity durations network graph (88-94)) A) Crashing is not possible unless there are multiple critical paths. B) Activities not on the critical path cannot become critical after crashing. C) Crashing shortens the project duration by assigning more resources to one or more of the critical tasks. D) Crashing a project often reduces the time it takes for lengthy or complex, but noncritical activities.
C) Crashing shortens the project duration by assigning more resources to one or more of the critical tasks.
If t is the expected completion time for a given activity, then: A) LF = LS - t. B) EF = ES - t. C) EF = ES + t. D) EF = LS - t.
C) EF=ES+t
The advantage of a Gantt chart over other charts is its: A) feasibility. B) practicality. C) simplicity. D) linearity.
C) Simplicity
When applying linear programming models to project crashing, the objective is to minimize ________.
Cost of crashing
Determine which activities should be crashed to shorten the project by 1 day. (View graph 127-129)
Crash C by 1 day
Determine which activities should be crashed to shorten the project by 2 days.(View graph 127-129)
Crash C by 1 day, E by 1 day
Determine which activities should be crashed to shorten the project by 3 days. What is the cost?(View graph 127-129)
Crash C by 1 day, E by 1 day, and then B by 1 day and E by an additional day. Total cost = $1400. Crash schedule: Path Normal time Crash C Crash E Crash B & E ABF 18 18 18 17 CEDF 20 19 18 17 Cost: $300 $500 $600
Project ________ is a method for shortening the project completion time by reducing the completion time of one or more critical activities at a cost.
Crashing
What are the early and late start times for activities C, D, E, and F?
D has a late start of 14, so C must be critical, therefore C's late start time is also 10. D has an early finish of 15, so its late finish must be 4 more than its early finish, or 19. D's duration is 5 as the difference of its early start and early finish times. C has a duration of 7, so it must have early and late finish times of 10 + 7 = 17. B's early finish is given as 7 and late finish as 11, so E and F's early start must be 7. E's early finish is given as 11 and late finish as 19. its early start must be 7 from B's early finish, so adding E's slack to the 7 yields a late start for E of 15. E's duration is therefore 4. F's duration is given as 10. With an early start of 7, the early finish must be 17. With B's late finish of 11, then the late start for F is also 11. FG's late finish is 21 as it is 10 more than its late start.
The normal cost for an activity is $7,000 and the crash cost is $12,000. The normal time to complete this activity is 8 days and crash time is 4 days. If this activity is crashed by 2 days, it will cost an additional: (View activity durations network graph (88-94)) A) $1000 B) $1250 C) $2000 D) $2500
D) $2500
Some of the benefits of working with a high tech startup are the free private chefs, yoga lessons, and bicycle shops available to the employees assigned to the project. These amenities cost Elon $450 million per month. What is the least expensive project completion cost? (Amounts are in millions.)(view elon's graph) A) $30,650 B) $31,150 C) $31,850 D) $32,350
D) $32,350
What is the slack time for activity C?(View project san mandala) A) 3 B) 2 C) 1 D) 0
D) 0
A PERT/CPM activity has an optimistic time estimate of 4 days, a most likely time estimate of 6 days, and a pessimistic time estimate of 10 days. The standard deviation of this activity is: (view thai construction graph) A) 7/6. B) 1/3. C) 2/3. D) 1.0.
D) 1.0.
What is the expected completion time for the project?(view thai construction graph) A) 14.83 B) 16.67 C) 18.83 D) 19.00
D) 19.00
What is the standard deviation of path ABDFH?(View activity durations network graph (88-94)) A) 2.236 days B) 5 days C) 7 days D) 2.645 days
D) 2.645 days
Determine the estimated completion time of the project. (View graph) A) 23 days B) 22 days C) 25 days D) 26 days
D) 26 days
What is the slack time for activity H? (View project san mandala) A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4
D) 4
What is the fastest this project can be completed? (View dinnertime graph) A) 34 B) 38 C) 44 D) 48
D) 48
Determine the critical path.(view graph) A) ACEH B) ACFH C) BDFH D) BDGH
D) BDGH
Project control involves: A) crashing. B) three time estimates. C) a backward or forward pass. D) earned value analysis.
D) Earned value analysis
In a CPM/PERT network the critical path is the: A) lowest path through the network. B) highest path through the network. C) shortest path through the network. D) longest path through the network.
D) Longest path through the network
A dummy activity is used to show a precedence relationship, but it does not represent a: A) relationship between activities. B) change in relationship. C) real activity. D) passage of time.
D) Passage of time
Once a project is underway, the project manager is responsible for the: A) people. B) cost. C) time. D) all of the above
D) all the above
Fill in all of the missing information from the table. (View graph 115)
Displayed here
The critical path is the longest path through the project network.
True
When applying linear programming models to project planning, the objective is to minimize
Project duration
When the earliest start time (ES) of an activity is subtracted from the latest start time (LS) of an activity, the value obtained is called ________.
Slack
________ is the amount of time an activity can be delayed without delaying the project.
Slack
Project teams are made up of individuals from various areas and departments within a company
TRUE
Some of the benefits of working with a high tech startup are the free private chefs, yoga lessons, and bicycle shops available to the employees assigned to the project. These amenities cost Elon $450 million per month. The federal government is so eager to reach the surface of the sun to mine the helium that they impose a $250 million fine for every month the project requires beyond 22 months. What is the least expensive project completion cost?
The least expensive project completion cost is $33,700 million in 27 months by reducing B(2), C(1), E(3) and F(2). A 29-month project costs $34,100 million and crashes B(2) and F(2).
If the project manager wishes to finish the project in 30 months, what is the lowest cost achievable? If the project manager must work with a budget of a paltry $20,000 million, what is the fastest completion time? (Graph elon musk 130-132)
The lowest possible cost is $18,900 million by reducing B by 2 months and F by 1 month. With a budget of $20,000 million, the shortest duration project is 28 months, achieved by crashing B by 2 months and F by 2 months.
The earliest finish time for the final activity on a project network is also the total completion of the project.
True
A statement of work is a written description of the goals, work, and time frame of a project.
True
A work breakdown structure breaks down a project into subcomponents, components, activities, and tasks.
True
An AON network will never require dummy activities
True
An element of project planning is to compare the project schedule objectives.
True
Determining project completion time is an element of project planning.
True
Project crashing is a method for shortening the project completion time by reducing the completion time of one or more critical activities at a cost.
True
Slack is the amount of time an activity can be delayed without delaying the project
True
The critical path activities have no slack.
True
