M&E HW

Cells perform catabolism to generate ATP , which can be used for all of the following except diffusion glycogen synthesis . ion transport . muscle contraction . protein synthesis .

diffusion

Fatty acids that are necessary for proper health but cannot be synthesized by the body are called low - density lipoproteins . chylomicrons . high density lipoproteins . essential fatty acids . water - soluble vitamins .

essential fatty acids .

Linoleic acid and linolenic acid are examples of essential amino acids . lipoproteins . transport proteins . essential fatty acids . Onon - essential amino acids

essential fatty acids .

The sum of all of the biochemical processes going on within the human body at any given time is called glycolysis metabolism oxidative phosphorylation catabolism anabolism

metabolism

In oxidative phosphorylation , energy for the synthesis of ATP is directly obtained from the splitting of oxygen molecules . breaking of the covalent bonds in glucose . movement of hydrogen ions through channels in the inner mitochondrial membrane combination of two atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen to form water . oxidation of acetyl - CoA .

movement of hydrogen ions through channels in the inner mitochondrial membrane .

When chyme arrives in the duodenum , cholecystokinin ( CCK ) release triggers the secretion of which enzyme ? gastric inhibitory peptide ( GIP ) maltase salivary amylase pancreatic alpha - amylase

pancreatic alpha - amylase

A vitamin obtained from meat that is a coenzyme in amino acid and lipid metabolism is pantothenic acid . pyridoxine ( B6 ) . niacin . riboflavin folic acid ( folate ) .

pyridoxine ( B6 ) .

The function of the citric acid cycle is to produce carbon dioxide . transfer the acetyl group produce water hydrolyze glucose . remove hydrogen atoms from organic molecules and transfer them to coenzymes .

remove hydrogen atoms from organic molecules and transfer them to coenzymes .

The vitamin that is part of coenzymes in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle is folic acid ( folate ) . thiamine . niacin cobalamin . riboflavin .

riboflavin .

In transamination , the amino group of an amino acid is yielding a different amino acid . transferred to another molecule converted to ammonia transferred to acetyl - CoA absorbed by water converted to urea

transferred to another molecule

Impaired fat absorption in the intestine would interfere with the absorption of vitamin C. vitamin A. niacin . Ovitamin B12 riboflavin .

vitamin A.

Which fat - soluble vitamin is essential for liver synthesis of prothrombin and other clotting factors ? vitamin E vitamin D3 vitamin A vitamin K

vitamin K

Obesity is defined as a body weight more than percent above the ideal body weight for an individual . 20 5 10 30 15

20

Of all the energy released in catabolism , about . percent is lost as heat which warms the surrounding tissues . 20 20 60 80 40 10

60

Wally decides to go on a hunger strike to further one of his favorite causes . After many days with nothing but water you would expect to observe ketone bodies in his urine . elevated levels of glucocorticoids . lowered blood pH . All of the answers are correct . None of the answers is correct .

All of the answers are correct .

An excess of which water - soluble vitamin results in polycythemia ? B6 ( pyroxidine OB2 ( riboflavin ) B3 ( niacin ) B12 ( cobalamin )

B12 ( cobalamin )

Poisons like cyanide bind to and prevent electron transfer . enzymes Othe endoplasmic reticulum cytochromes Omitochondria acetyl - CoA

cytochromes

The USDA has an interactive food recommendation program online , called the Mediterranean Diet . MyPyramid . Dietary Guidelines for Americans . the DASH diet . ChooseMyPlate .

ChooseMyPlate .

The food pyramid recommends many servings a day of dark - green and orange vegetables and citrus fruits . Which vitamin is not particularly abundant in these food groups ? C A D All of the answers are correct ; folic acid

D

The vitamin that is required for proper bone growth and for calcium absorption and retention is vitamin A. B. C. D. E.

D.

Which nutrient group provides vitamins A , B12 , pantothenic acid , thiamine , and riboflavin ? fruits grains dairy vegetables

dairy

carry excess cholesterol from peripheral tissues to the liver . Intermediate - density lipoproteins ( IDLs ) Low - density lipoproteins ( LDLs ) Very - high density lipoproteins VHDLS High - density lipoproteins HDLS ) Very - low - density lipoproteins ( VLDLS )

High - density lipoproteins ( HDLS )

Which response is coordinated by the heat - gain center ? The vasomotor center increases blood flow to the dermis . Shivering decreases body temperature . Parasympathetic stimulation of the adrenal medullae releases epinephrine . In children , hypothalamic TRH release increases .

In children , hypothalamic TRH release increases .

Which statement regarding the citric acid cycle is true ? An acetyl group , CH3CO , from acetyl - CoA is attached to a six - carbon molecule . The citric acid cycle occurs in the cytoplasm . Its function is to remove hydrogen atoms from organic molecules and transfer them to coenzymes . Cytochromes are the coenzymes that play a key role in the citric acid cycle .

Its function is to remove hydrogen atoms from organic molecules and transfer them to coenzymes .

Keith is concerned that his brain cells will not receive energy - rich nutrients without carbohydrates in his diet . Which of the following molecules is a product of lipid catabolism that his brain cells could use to create ATP ? Triglycerides Glycogen Ketone bodies Amino acids

Ketone bodies

Which statement regarding long - term regulation of appetite is true ? Leptin , a peptide hormone released by adipose tissues as they synthesize triglycerides , stimulates the satiety center . Ghrelin , which is secreted by the gastric mucosa , stimulates appetite . Neuropeptide Y , a hypothalamic neurotransmitter , stimulates the feeding center . Several hormones of the digestive tract , including CCK , suppress appetite during the absorptive state .

Leptin , a peptide hormone released by adipose tissues as they synthesize triglycerides , stimulates the satiety center .

Which of the statements below represents one potential disadvantage to Keith's proposed all - meat diet ? Lipid catabolism is slower than carbohydrate catabolism Amino acids are preferred over lipids in aerobic metabolism Our bodies cannot use lipids as an energy source Lipids contain much less stored energy than carbohydrates

Lipid catabolism is slower than carbohydrate catabolism

Which characteristic correctly applies to lipid metabolism ? Stored lipids provide large amounts of ATP very quickly . Most lipids can be synthesized on demand . Excess lipids can be stored as pyruvate . Triglyceride reserves are water - soluble droplets .

Most lipids can be synthesized on demand .

Which of the following is a response coordinated by the heat - loss center ? The vasomotor center is stimulated . The respiratory centers are stimulated . A gradual increase in muscle tone occurs . Hormones are released to increase the metabolic activity of all tissues .

The respiratory centers are stimulated .

Which statement regarding amino acid metabolism is true ? When broken down in the mitochondrion , the energy yield of an amino acid is negligible The removal of the amino group is the first step in amino acid catabolism . The body synthesizes all 10 essential amino acids . Liver cells must break down amino acids into urea , a toxic compound .

The removal of the amino group is the first step in amino acid catabolism .

Which is a characteristic of oxidative phosphorylation ? The diffusion of potassium ions powers the production of ATP . It results in the production of pyruvate . It occurs in the cytoplasm using a series of enzymatic reactions . The stepwise passage of electrons by coenzymes embedded in the cristae of the mitochondrion releases energy .

The stepwise passage of electrons by coenzymes embedded in the cristae of the mitochondrion releases energy

Choose the correct statement regarding glycolysis . It occurs in the mitochondrion . NAD accepts carbon atoms that can be transferred to mitochondria . It is an aerobic process that breaks down a six - carbon glucose molecule into two three - carbon molecules of pyruvate . There is a net gain of two ATP molecules for each glucose molecule .

There is a net gain of two ATP molecules for each glucose molecule .

If Keith adopts an all - meat diet , with which vitamin below should he make sure to supplement his diet to avoid deficiency ? Vitamin A Vitamin E Phosphorous Vitamin By

Vitamin A

In the absorptive state of metabolic activity : insulin inhibits glucose uptake and glycogenesis Oglucocorticoids stimulate the mobilization of lipid and protein reserves . epinephrine is important in stimulating glycogenolysis in skeletal and cardiac muscle . androgens , estrogens , and growth hormone stimulate protein synthesis .

androgens , estrogens , and growth hormone stimulate protein synthesis .

Chylomicrons : are lipoproteins - lipid - protein complexes that contain insoluble lipids . enter the bloodstream at the inferior vena cava . diffuse into the hepatic portal vein , after they are released from the intestinal cells by exocytosis . diffuse into blood capillaries .

are lipoproteins - lipid - protein complexes that contain insoluble lipids .

Which activity expends the greatest amount of energy per hour ? speed walking jogging climbing stairs competitive swimming

competitive swimming

A ( n ) contains all of the essential amino acids . complete protein carbohydrate water - soluble vitamin essential fatty acid fat - soluble vitamin

complete protein

Which primary mechanism of heat transfer is the direct transfer of energy through physical contact ? conduction evaporation radiation convection

conduction

Which process describes the synthesis of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources ? glycogenolysis glycolysis glycogenesis gluconeogenesis

gluconeogenesis

Although other nutrients can feed into the citric acid cycle ,. yields energy the quickest . glycogen glucose fat protein All of the answers yield energy at the same rate .

glucose

Which condition results when body fluids become saturated with uric acid ? ketoacidosis phenylketonuria gout kwashiorkor

gout

The area of the brain that regulates body temperature is the pons pineal gland . medulla oblongata . hypothalamus . cerebral cortex .

hypothalamus .

Glucose is absorbed and converted to pyruvate as needed by the liver . is transported to the liver by way of the hepatic portal vein . leaves the cytosol of the epithelial cells and reaches the interstitial fluid by simple diffusion . is generally used for catabolism after protein and lipid sources are used .

is transported to the liver by way of the hepatic portal vein .

All of the following are true of beta - oxidation except that it occurs in the mitochondria lipids are converted into glycogen molecules . fatty acids break down into acetyl - CoA that enter the citric acid cycle . it ultimately yields large amounts of ATP . it requires coenzyme A , NAD , and FAD .

lipids are converted into glycogen molecules .

In the process of digestion , most nutrient absorption takes place in the duodenum small intestine . liver . stomach large intestine .

small intestine .