psych 303 exam 4
psychopathy
a emtiomal disorder characterized by a lack of remorse, empathy, anxiety, and other social emotions (master of manipulation)
psychotic BPDO
paranoid and fierce need to defend ideas and thoughts distant, flat affect, apathy disconnected to reality disconnected to body and mind
paranoid PDO characteristics
pattern of distrust and suspiciousness victim mentality (shocked by loyalty, assume exploitation, harm, deception, very controlling)
Cleckley's Mask of Sanity (1941)
people with psychopathy hide their mental disorder by perfectly mimicking a normal person (lack of true emotions)
cognitions- BPDO
perceived abandonment (and frantic efforts to stop it)
why does treatment not work for antisocial pdo
they get burnt out
callous subtype- APDO
unemotional group has increased risk of becoming psychotic (very rare) (much more calculated aggression) (behave solely to harm others)
emotions- BPDO
unstable and last for minutes to days (emptiness, intense anger)
invalidation
whatever they're experiencing from the environment gets told to them it didn't really happen (from a trusted caregiver)
Callous-unemotional presentation- CD
young person with characteristics like an adult with psychopathy
what is cluster A for PDO
odd eccentric (paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal)
BPDO diagnosis (number of symptoms)
NEED to meet 5 or more symptoms out of 9 (247 permutations, can look different)
what is the most common PDO
OCPD
Cluster C personality disorders (anxious)
avoidant dependent obsessive-compulsive
what do personality DOs do
cause distress (pervasive and inflexible) (high comorbidity with other PDOs)
when is the onset for PDO
childhood (must have trait over lifetime)
cognitive (dialectical) theory- BPDO
childhood abuse/ trauma invalidation emotion dysregulation and self-invalidation
conduct disorder
children who violate society's norms
treatment for dependent pdo
cognitive and behavior therapies graduated exposure
how is avoidant pdo different than social phobia
have these feelings will all relationships
what is NPDO comorbid with
histrianic and antisocial pdo
associated features- psychopathy
impulsivity, reckless, poor family upbringing (same as antisocial pdo)
symptoms of schizotypal pdo
mild schizophrenia
dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT)
mindfulness emotional regulation interpersonal effectiveness distress tolerance
who do dependent PDO people get along well with
narcissistic (people)
dependent PDO
need to be cared for deny all thoughts and actions that might displease others cant make everyday decisions
do schizoid pdo people have goals
no (goals)
is there a medication for all symptoms of BPDO
no medication for all of BPDO
adolescent onset type- CD
no onset of (CD) symptoms before age 10
treatment for cluster C
only avoidant PDO is treatable
restricted affect- Schizoid PDO
no pleasure from relationships and interactions (lack of sensory pleasure, no hobbies, no joy, do not reciprocate smiles or waves to others)
grandiosity- NPDO
not psychotic, but overestimate self, boastful, preoccupied with fantasy (inflated sense of ego)
first 2 parts of PDO diagnosis
(A) significant impairment in sense of self and relationships (B) 1 or more pathological personality domains or traits facets
how id OCDPDO different than OCD
(OCDPDO) has obsession over all areas
average amount of meds for BPDO
(about) 10
BPDO symptoms are all related to what
(all related to) instability
childhood onset type- CD
onset of one symptom before age 10
obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
orderly and perfectionist inflexible rigid emotionally blocked dogmatic argumentative
antisocial PDO prevalence
.2-3.3% higher in males
Schizoid PDO prevalence
.8-1.7%
histrionic PDO prevalence
1.8 % (higher in females)
PDO prevalence
14% (1/6) people
how many parts are there in Cleckley's list?
16 (parts)
how many spectrums of BPDO
2 (psychotic and neurotic coexist)
paranoid PDO prevalence
2-2.5%
avoidant pdo prevalence
2.4% higher in females
schizotypal personality disorder prevalence
3.9%
dependent PDO prevalence
4.9% higher in females
borderline PDO prevalence
5.9% more females (from presentation)
narcissistic PDO prevalence
7.7% higher in male
OCDPDO prevalence
7.9% no gender difference
BPDO risk of suicide
75% attempt once 60% attempt more than once 10% complete
BPDO risk of self harm
90-95%
what are the schizotypal patterns marked by
acute discomfort in relationships (aware people think they're weird) cognitive and perceptual distortions eccentrics in behavior (dress weird)
when do you get diagnosed with PDO?
adulthood (once personality traits are set)
neurobiological theory- BPDO
amygdala= high activity hippocampus= high activity (negative experiences) prefrontal cortex- low activity (impulsive)
what is the only personality disorder that decreases over a lifetime
antisocial pdo
who do dependent PDO people not get along with
antisocial pdo
what is histrionic pdo comorbid with
anxiety and somatic (disorders)
what is psychopathy comorbid with?
anxiety, depression, substance abuse, ADHD
what is cluster C for PDO
anxious fearful (avoidant, dependent, obsessive-compulsive)
covert- APDO
cant see person coming (waiting until they're asleep to slash their tires)
behavioral treatment for HPDO
decrease reinforcement for helpless behavior increase reinforcement for independence
what is schizotypal comorbid with
depression
what 3 non PDO disorders is PDO comorbid with?
depression anxiety substance abuse
what is the main feature of Schizoid PDO
detatchment (lack of desire for relationships)
relationships- BPDO
devalue and idealize
associated features- antisocial PDO
dont conform to social norms deceitfulness impulsive (overt and covert)
histrionic PDO description
drama queen extreme need to be center of attention shallow, fleeting, shifting emotions sexually provocative no insight in relationships
what is cluster B for PDO
dramatic emotional interpersonal (borderline, antisocial, histrionic, narcissistic)
onset of psychopathy
early childhood (some argue that it's at birth)
(T/F) there is a formal diagnosis of psychopathy in DSM 5
false (no formal diagnosis in DSM 5)
early risk factors- APDO
family with inconsistent parental discipline criminal history post birth maternal difficulties cognitive deficits temper hyperaction rejection from peer
neurotic BPDO
intense need for relationships and approval of others high emotionality, unstable moods impulsive and erratic intense self-focus and self-criticism
factor 1 for psychopathy
interpersonal affective component (narcissistic) (callous= unemotional) (lack of remorse) (interpersonally manipulative) (graniose sense of worth)
invalidation correlation with psychopathology
invalidation leads to higher risk of developing disorder (not from the trauma)
self- BPDO
lack of consistent identity and self image (identity changes all the time because of outside environment changing)
why is treatment not successful for NPDO
lack of insight
antisocial PDO description
lack of regard for society's moral or legal standards (cheat on wife, lying, stealing)
etiology of HPDO
largely unknown (etiology) some form of reinforcement to keep behavior for life lack of social skills (variant of antisocial personality)
why does antisocial PDO decrease over a lifetime
less testosterone go to jail die
what needs to be present in PDO diagnosis
maladaptive/ deficits in 2 or more areas (ex: home, work, emotions, thoughts, etc)
are males or females more likely to have paranoid PDO
males (more belligerent and aggressive)
do more males or females have schizotypal pdo
males (schizotypal)
what must be ruled out before diagnosing APDO
manic episode schizophrenia psychosis
exploitation- NPDO
manipulate situation to better themselves; unintentional
schizotypal pdo diagnosis
pervasive pattern of social and interpersonal deficit
is the prognosis good or poor for PDO
poor (they have very ingrained characteristics )
superstition or preoccupation with paranormal phenomena- schizotypal
reference= read magical meaning in unconnected events (not a coincidence) comply with magical rituals perceptual alterations (sensing another person is present or hear their name murmured)
causes for avoidant pdo
reinforcement for being shy by parents
Behavior for paranoid PDO (PPDO)
sarcastic and blame others (many legal battles, veiled grandiose ideas, need simple straightforward situations)
overt- APDO
see the person coming (getting punched)
behaviors- BPDO
self-harm, suicidal, impulsive, sex, spending
when are schizoid pdo people shy
shy in childhood
avoidant pdo characteristics
social inhibition feel inadequate hypersensitive to negative evalutation
what is personality
stable thoughts perceptions and interations
NPDO description
strong need for admiration high levels of entitlement lack of empathy exploitative
Behavior based associated features- APDO
suicide homicide accidents assault interpersonal problems
what is in Cleckley's checklist
superficial charm absence of delusion not nervous (during act of crime) unreliable untruthful lack of remorse antisocial behavior poor judgement pathological grandiosity poverty of affect loss of insight no response to interpersonal relationships alcohol addiction suicide is rare sex life is trivial dont act on life plan
schizotypal people have that is odd
tangential speech behaviors (walking) mannerism (dressing)