Quiz 1 ob
What phrase is used when the ureters pass under the uterine arteries on their way to the bladder ?
"Yellow water under red bridge"
Menarchal uterine size
10 cm cube
What is the length of the fallopian tubes? *hint centimeters
10-12 cm in length
premenarchal uterine size
3 cm cube
Postmenopausal uterine size
6 cm cube
What is the diameter of the fallopian tubes? *hint millimeter
8-10 mm
_____-Longest segment where fertilization occurs. Length: 5 cm
Ampulla
The most common position of the uterus is _____. (non-distended bladder)
Anterverted Anteflexed
How do you measure the endometrium? (do not include fluid between layer)
Basal to basal (hyperechoic to hyperechoic/ leading ledge to leading edge)
_____-Lies between the fundus and the cervix/neck and is the largest portion containing uterine cavity.
Body (corpus)
What 2 ligament anchor down the cervix?
Cardinal ligaments Uterosacral ligaments
_____-Lower cylindrical portion of the uterus
Cervix
List parts of the uterus(5): (refer to ppt slide 28 image)
Cervix Isthmus (neck, lower uterine segment) Corpus (body) Fundus Cornua
_____-Long axis of the uterine Body/Fundus deviated towards the right of the midline
Dextroversion
What are the 3 types of estrogen?
Estradiol Estrone Estriol
What are the 2 layers of the cervix?
Exocervix Endocervix
_____-Pair of coiled, muscular tubes
Fallopian tubes
Function: The Ovaries or Female Gonads are the primary reproductive organ in the female Dual purpose:
Female Gamete production Sex hormones production
____-Stimulates follicular growth and maturation
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
Where does the right ovarian vein drain?
IVC
List all the names for the imaginary line from the sacral promontory(3):
Iliopectineal Innominated line Linea terminalis
What organs are located @ the false pelvis(2)?
Illeum Sigmoid colon
list the muscles of the false pelvis(3):
Illiopsoas Iliacus Psoas major
_____-Stimulates ovulation of mature follicle
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
_____-Low estrogen and progesterone levels caused by ischemia of the spiral arteries
Menstrual phase (days 1-5)
_____-upper fold that drapes over the Fallopian tubes
Mesosalpinx
_____-posterior reflection that attaches to the ovary
Mesovarium
sexual cells gametes that has ONLY 23 chromosomes
Metosis
_____-somatic cells that has 46 chromosomes (23 pairs of chromosomes/ diploid/ 2n)
Mitosis
Uterus, fallopian tubes and upper third of the vagina are formed by fusion of the _____.
Mullerian ducts
List the muscle of the true pelvis:
Obturator Internus muscles Piriformis muscles Pelvic diaphragm muscles
_____-Serves as tendinous attachment for levator ani muscle. Found on the anterolateral walls of the true pelvis.
Obturator internus muscle
What organs are located @ the true pelvic(6)?
Pelvic colon Rectum Bladder Uterus Ovaries Adnexae
Most dependant space in the pelvis cavity
Posterior cul de sac
List the group of muscles for the levator ani(3):
Puborectalis muscles Pubococcygeus muscles Iliococcygeus muscles
List the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall(4):
Rectus abdominis muscles (anteriorly) External Oblique Internal Oblique Transversus abdominis muscles (anterolaterally)
_____-anchor to the labia majora Tilt the uterus anteriorly
Round ligaments
The bony pelvis is composed of 4 bones:
Sacrum & coccyx (forms the posterior wall) 2 innominate (coxal) bones
_____-Posterior to the Pubic symphysis and anterior to the urinary bladder
Space of Retzius
_____-Collapsed muscular tube
Vagina
Vesico-uterine pouch or vesico-uterine recess
anterior cul de sac
Adenohypophysis is also known as ____
anterior pituitary gland
Landmark: ovaries are _____to Internal Iliac vessels
anteromedial
The ovarian artery originate from _____.
aorta
rectro-
backward
What layer of the endometrium remains intact during menses?
basal layer
_____-double fold of the peritoneum. Incompletely divides the true pelvis into anterior and posterior regions.
broad ligament
At the lateral borders of the fundus are the _____ , at which the fallopian tubes enter the uterine cavity
cornua
The ovarian and uterine artery anastomose (join) at the _____.
cornua
_____-contains the ovarian follicles
cortex
_____-Innermost layer of the uterus Highly vascular, mucous membrane lining the endometrial/uterine cavity
endometrium
_____-stimulates the endometrial growth and proliferation
estrogen
follicle secretes
estrogen
The lower end of the cervix is the _____ cervical os.
external
FSHRF
follicle stimulating hormone releasing factor
What ovarian phase does 3 line sign occur?
follicular phase
ante-
forward
What layer of the endometrium shred with menses?
functional layer
The widest and most superior portion of the uterus?
fundus
______covers the surface of the ovary
germinal epithelium
List the ovary layer outer to inner for
germinal epithelium tunica albuginea cortex medulla
Hypothalamus secretes
gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
The false pelvis is also known as _____(2).
greater or major pelvis
Internal iliac is also known as ____
hypogastric artery
The true pelvis is the most _____ portion.
inferior
The upper end of the cervix is _____ cervical os.
internal
Where does the uterine artery arise from?
internal iliac artery
What uterine phase does 3 line sign occur?
late proliferative phase (day 10-13)
Where does the the LEFT ovarian vein drain?
left renal vein
The true pelvis is also known as _____(2).
lesser or minor pelvis
_____-muscle composing the pelvic floor
levator ani
_____-the term used for the isthmus(neck) of the uterus during pregnancy
lower uterine segment
LHRF
luteinizing hormone releasing factor
_____-Contains blood vessels, lymphatics and nerves
medulla
The reproductive and urinary systems are intimately associated in origin, they both develop from _____.
mesoderm
"If an ovary is twice the average volume expected for the age, or twice the size of its contralateral, a _____ should be suspected"
neoplasm
Arcuate artery are located between ______ & _____ layers
outer; intermediate
What is the main source of blood supply for the ovary? What artery is another source?
ovarian artery; uterine artery
The area below to the pelvic floor is the _____.
perineum
Ovaries are not covered by _____.
peritoneum
Vaginal fornices: Anterior, Posterior and 2 lateral. The _____ vaginal wall attaches higher on the cervix than the anterior.
posterior
_____-increase after ovulation. Induce the endometrial glands to become secretory
progesterone
corpus luteum secretes
progesterone
What feed the functional layer of the endometrium?
spiral arteries
What feed the basal layer of the endometrium?
straight arteries
The false pelvis is _____ portion.
superior
True/ False: In absence of pathology the fallopian tubes are not visualized with ultrasound Only visualized with ultrasound if there is pathology
true
_____-Hollow, pear-shaped muscular organ
uterus
What formula is used to find volume for the ovaries?
volume= length x width x height x 0.523
Deep basal layer also known as ______
zona basalis
Superficial functional layer also known as _____
zona functionalis
_____-Widest portion. Ends as fingerlike projections called fimbriae
Infundibulum
_____-Proximal portion. Enters the cornua. Length: 1 cm
Interstitial (intramural)
_____-Narrow segment of the Fallopian tube. Length: 1 cm
Isthmus
_____-Long axis of the uterine Body/Fundus deviated towards the left of the midline
Levoversion