Renaissance and Reformation Test
According to the Dutch humanist Erasmus, the key to reform was a) education b) control of the papacy c) a pious life e) the concerted effort that only a strong state could afford e) adherence to church dogma
a)
According to the text, how have Protestant historians tended to view the Reformation? a) as a revolutionary break with the past b) as continuous with earlier reform movements that remained within the Catholic church c) as a return to the Christianity of the late Roman Empire d) as primarily dricen by politics e) as a long-term consequence of the 1054 schism with Orthodoxy
a)
All of the following were consequences of the 100 years war except a) the developement of a French national assembly b) the emerence of the English Commons as a political force c) a rise of nationalistic feeling in England and France d) economic and social dislocation e) disruption of local government in England as sheriffs went absent on campaign
a)
As consumer habits changed, an aristocrat's greatest expense was usually his a) urban palace b) military hardware and training c) daughter's dowry d) food e) jewelry and clothing
a)
For ordinary women, the Renaissance a) had very little impact b) improved the material conditions of their lives c) worsened their status d) allowed them access to education for the first time e) opened up access a new livelihoods
a)
In 1521, Charles V ordered Luther to appear before the a) Diet of Worms b) Council of Augsburg c) Diet of Wittenburg d) Tribunal of the Holy Office e) Court of the Holy Office
a)
In the 14th century, Genoa and ________ dominated the Mediterranean slave trade a) Venice b) Rome c) Milan d) Naples e) Pisa
a)
In the 15th century, many clerics held more than one benefice, a practice known as a) pluralism b) simony c) investiture d) indulgences e) councilarism
a)
In the early 16th century, critics of the church attacked all of the following except a) the academic pursuits of the clergy b) clerica immorality c) the ignorance of the parish clergy d) the problems of pluralism and absenteeism e) the way money changed hands when a bishop entered office
a)
Italian balance-of-power diplomacy a) was designed to prevent a single Italian state from dominating the peninsula b) successfully prevented foreign domination of Italy c) was primarily concerned with controlling the papacy d) was critical to the economic success of Italy e) led to Venetian domination of the Italian Peninsula
a)
Italian humanists stressed the a) study of the classics for what they could reveal about human nature b) study of the classics in order to understand the divine nature of God c) absolute authority of classical texts d) role of the church in the reform of society e) study of Revelation for a clue to the date of the Second Coming
a)
The Florentine Office of the Night was created to control a) homosexual activities (sodomy) b) prostitution c) radical elements in the popolo d) the outbreak of heresy during the Renaissance e) taverns
a)
The French invasion of Italy at the end of the 15th century was predicted by a) Savonarola b) Dante c) Machiavelli d) Lorenzo de Medici e) Francesco Sfora
a)
The Reformation in England was primarily the result of a) dynastic and romantic concerns of Henry VIII b) the missionary activity of the Lollards c) the terrible conditions then existing in the English churches d) efforts by Luther and his followers e) Elizabeth I's conversion to Presbyterianism
a)
The Tridentine decree Tametsi stipulated that a) for a marriage to be valid, it had to be witnessed by a priest b) each diocese had to establish a seminary c) bishops had to live in their own dioceses d) the sale of indulgences was illegal e) no church offices would be sold
a)
The first artistic and literary manifestation of the Italian Renaissance appeared in a) Florence b) Rome c) Venice d) Naples e) Siena
a)
The period 1315 to 1322 is best described as a) a time of scarcity and starvation b) a time of plenty and prosperity c) stable and peaceful d) a time of civil war and bloodshed e) a time of rapid intellectual advancement
a)
By 1300, most of the Italians citystates were ruled by either signori or a) kings b) oligarchies c) elected assemblies d) ecclesiastical princes e) bishops
b)
Luther was the _______ as the special domain of women a) church b) home c) public market d) convent e) pulpit
b)
Recent research on the English church before Henry VIII's break with Rome indicates that a) a vast gap existed between the clergy and the English people b) the church was in a very healthy condition c) conditions in England mirrored those on the continent d) clerical abuse and ignorance was worse in England that on the continent e) a majority of English Catholics were Lollards
b)
The Protestant Reformation in Germany a) weakened the power of secular states b) compounded problems that had existed since the Middle Ages c) destroyed Habsburg influence in the Europe d) helped pave the way for a unified nation e) did not take root
b)
The doctrine of indulgences rests on all of the following except a) belief that God is both merciful and just b) belief in salvation by faith alone c) belief that Christ and the saints established a treasury of merit d) belief that the church has the authority to grant sinners access to the treasury of merit e) the doctrine rests on all four of these principles
b)
The northern humanists believed that human nature a) was fundamentally currupt b) was fundamentally good c) was incapable of improvement d) remained unaffected by Adam and Eve's fall e) was fixed and unchangeable
b)
According to Calvin, the elect were a) the leaders of the Genevan Consistory b) the intellectual leaders of the Reformation c) those individuals chosen for salvation d) all Protestants e) the elected ministers of the church
c)
All of the following were among the Italian powers that dominated the peninsula except a) the Papal States b) Florence c) Ferrara d) Venice e) Naples
c)
Calvin's reform movement a) was suppressed by the civil authorities in Geneva b) was restricted to Switzerland and France c) was thoroughly integrated into the civil government of Geneva d) rejected any role in the secular government of Geneva e) was quickly rejected by the citizens of Geneva
c)
During the 100 years' war, the English kings were supported by some French barons because the latter a) disapproved of the Babylonian Captivity b) were promised estates in England c) wanted to stop the French monarchy's centralizing efforts d) were economically dependent on the English wool trade e) were Lollards
c)
Economically, the Black Death resulted in a) a complete economic collapse b) a sharp drop in per capita wealth c) a sharp increase in per capita wealth d) a sharp increase in urban unemployment e) worse conditions for serfs al over Europe
c)
In religious affairs, Elizabeth I of England followed a policy that a) supported the efforts of the Puritans b) emphasized personal and public religious conformity c) was a middle course beween Catholic and Protestant extremes d) favored Catholics over Protestants e) imported Scottish Presbyterianism
c)
In terms of gender relations, Renaissance humanists argued that a) men and women were equals in intellectual pursuits b) the status women had improved since the Middle Ages c) men and men alone should act in the public sphere d) women should have equal opportunity in marital and extramarital sexual relations e) women lacked immortal souls
c)
In which century did the mechanical clock become commonplace in European cities? a) twelfth b) thirteenth c) fourteenth d) fifteenth e) sixteenth
c)
Rich individuals sponsored artists and works of art a) because it was good for business b) in order to please God c) to glorify themselves and their families d) to control unemployment e) to enlighten the masses
c)
The Brethren of the Common Life represent a) the extent of Protestant conversions in Italy b) the power and appeal of John Cavin's message c) an example of pre-Reformation reform movements within the church d) a typical response of the papacy to the Reformation e) the persistence of Lollardism in England
c)
The Catholic Reformation, started the 1540s as a response to the Protestant Reformation, a) sought to reform the liturgy of the Catholic church b) sought to restore the conciliar movement c) sought to initiate institutional reform d) sought to stimulate a new spiritualism e) was ineffectual
c)
The Italian Renaissance had as one of its central components a) Christian humility b) a concern for the improvement of society in general c) a glorification of individual genius d) the attempt to use art to educate the urban masses
c)
The highly infectious nature of the plague was enhanced by a) the imposition of quarantine measures b) an influx of peasants seeking medical care c) urban congestion and lack of sanitation d) the total absence of health-care facilities e) starving peasants' consumption of black rats
c)
The leaders of the Catholic church a) ignored the Renaissance b) attempted to crush the secularism of the Renaissance c) readily adopted the Renaissance spirit, especially when it came to art d) used Renaissance ideals to promote moral reform e) came to believe that the Renaissance had caused the Reformation
c)
The official attitude toward rape indicates that a) the status of women had improved b) it was a serious crime against the victim and society c) it was not seen as a serious crime against either the victim or society d) prostitution was designed to eradicate the crime e) homosexual rape was a worse offense than heterosexual rape
c)
Ulrich Zwingli attacked all of the following except a) indulgences b) monasticism c) the doctrine of the Trinity d) clerical celibacy e) the Mass
c)
According to Machiavelli, the sole test of "good" government was whether it a) provided the necessary public services b) was based on Christian morality c) protected the liberty of its citizens d) was effective e) improved the economy
d)
According to studies of the Florentine Office of the Night, the most common form of homosexual relationship between males was between a) noble and noble b) noblemen and manual laborers c) noblemen and servants d) adult men and boys e) artist and patron
d)
Luther viewed sex as a) an abomination b) inevitable but condemned by God c) allowed between consenting adults d) a good and natural thing within marriage e) an invention of the devil
d)
Martin Luther wrote his letter entitles "95 theses" to Archbishop Albert in response to a) Luther's personal struggle with the question of salvation b) the election of Charles V c) the draining of Germany's wealth by the papacy d) a new campaign to sell indulgences e) the construction of St. Peter's Basilica in Rome
d)
The Index was a) a list of official doctrines of the Catholic church b) a list of individuals condemned by the Roman inquisition c) the cardinals who directed the Roman inquisition d) a catalog of forbidden reading e) Luther's commentaries on the Scriptures
d)
The invention of movable type led to all of the following except a) increased literacy b) the use of government propaganda c) the inculcation of national loyalties d) the use of French as the language of polite society e) the creation of invisible publics of silent readers
d)
The subjugation of the Italian peninsula by outside invaders was a) the product of the invaders' overwhelming superiority b) the result of the economic collapse of Italy c) inevitable d) the result of the Italians' failure to coordinate a common defense e) the result of a papal invitation to the French king to intervene
d)
According to the text, the Calvinist doctrine of predestination led to a) a mood of fatalism among Calvin's followers b) a withdrawal from the world of business and politics c) a mass exodus from the ciy of Geneva d) a fashion for astrology e) a confidence among Calvinists in their own salvation
e)
All of the following ethnic groups were imported into western Europe as slaves during the 14th and 15th centuries except a) Africans b) Greeks c) Albanians d) Slavs e) Portuguese
e)
Anabaptists generally favored all of the following except a) opening the ministry to women b) religious tolerance c) self-government congregations d) pacifism e) abolition of baptism
e)
Castiglione's manual on gentlemanly conduct a) focused on ridding oneself of vermin b) suggested that early choice of a profession was crucial in becoming a gentleman c) asserted that real men need not learn French d) insisted that real gentleman show Christian humility and kindness toward the downtrodden e) suggested that gentlemen cultivate their abilities in a variety of fields, athletics to music to art to mathematics
e)
France supported the Protestant princes of Germany in order to a) spread Protestantism b) prevent English influence from inceasing in Germany c) contain Protestantism east of the Rhine d) facilitate the Turkish attack on the Habsburgs e) keep Germany politically fragmented
e)
Luther and Zwingli disagreed on which of the following issues? a) priestly celibacy b) the authority of Scripture c) indulgences d) monasticism e) the Eucharist
e)
Luther believed that the church consisted of a) the entire body of clergy b) the elect c) all those who supported his views d) the saints and Christ, not of human beings e) the entire community of Christian believers
e)
Martin Luther's first response to the demands made by the Swabian peasants of their lords was a) a call to the nobles to crush the peasants b) a call for the peasants to rebel c) a call for peasants and nobles to unite in a Crusade against the Turks d) a call for the confiscation of Catholic nobles' estates
e)
The term humanism, as used in the context of the Renaissance, refers to a) insistence that Italian cities respect individual human rights b) the belief that man was responsible for his own fate and God was dead c) an anthropomorphic conception of God d) belief in the perfect ability of man e) study of Latin classics for moral, education and insights into human nature
e)
