TEAS practice test (ATI)

difference between radiation, conduction, and convection are?

Conduction: This is a flow of heat by direct contact. Heat travels from a warmer object toward a colder object. A pan warming on a stove is an example. Convection: This is a transfer of heat by mixing a fluid molecules through boiling water. occurs in liquid and gas. Radiation: Radiation is the transfer of energy by electromagnetic radiation.

Scientists rely on which of the following to provide critical feedback when revising scientific explanation? A) Null Hypothesis B) Dogma C) Opinion D) Peer review

D

On a hot summer day, you place a cup of ice water outside. Using your knowledge of states of matter, describe what will likely happen in three to five sentences.

A change from solid to liquid (melting) requires an addition of heat, which causes the molecules to become more energized, which increases their vibrational and translational motion. Adding heat (energy) causes the forces holding particles together in a solid state to break.

ability of solvent

A solvent is a molecule that has the ability to dissolve other molecules, known as solutes. A solvent can be solid, liquid or gas. The molecules of the solvent work to put the solute molecules apart. Eventually, the molecules of solute become evenly distributed in throughout the solvent.

solvent ability

A solvent is simply a substance that can dissolve other molecules and compounds, which are known as solutes. ... Because of its polarity and ability to form hydrogen bonds, water makes an excellent solvent, meaning that it can dissolve many different kinds of molecules.

carboxyl group

COOH; found at the end of every amino acid. O C R OH

Communication skills are important to success in any profession, but effective communication takes practice. First, decide upon the key message you want to convey in clear, straightforward language. Engage your listener by asking questions and soliciting feedback. Then take time to listen carefully and respond to your listener's ideas. The best communicators are the best listeners. If you have not been understood, think of ways to put your ideas in other words, or use examples to make your thoughts more clear to others. 4. Which of the following sentences uses ideas and language that fit the passage? A. Maintaining eye contact builds credibility and shows your listener that you care about their ideas. B. Bouncing from topic to topic can make your listener feel like they have whiplash. C. talking with your home skillet will be boss if you cool your jets and really focus on your listener. D. Computer skills such as using Excel spreadsheets are critical to success in many jobs today.

(A)

Navigating the vast wilderness of Denali National Park in Alaska requires that hikers have equipment that can determine their location and other things. 4. Which of the following words in above sentence is an example of ambiguous language? A. navigating B. requires C. hikers D. things

(A) Language can also be ambiguous. This means that words and phrases can be unclear to the reader. For example, what does the writer mean by "quiet nature"? Does this mean peaceful and serene or soundless?

Which sentence uses commas correctly to clarify the meaning of the sentence? A. In order to begin training as a long-distance runner, you will need high-quality shoes, socks, and running clothes. B. In order to begin training as a long-distance runner you will need high-quality shoes, socks, and running clothes. C. In order to begin training as a long-distance runner, you will need high-quality shoes socks, and running clothes. D. In order to begin training as a long-distance runner you will need high-quality shoes socks and running clothes.

(A) Place a comma before and after dependent phrases and clauses that interrupt the main clause of a sentence. Place commas after items in a series. The comma before the "and" in a series is a preference.

I think we can take advantage of our organization's vertical synergy to produce a quality proposal by EOD. 1. Which of the following publications would most likely contain this sentence? A. Business memo B. Scientific journal C. Novel D. Motivational speech

(A) When you're reading these passages, ask yourself the following questions. •Is the author using conventions or language that seems specific to a certain type of audience? •Does the author use slang or colloquialisms? •Is the language neutral, or does it imply negative or positive judgments? •What kind of descriptors does the author use? Do these infl uence the reader's interpretation of the material?

While the other windows shone with candlelight, the opaque window was completely dark. 3. Which of the following best defines the word "opaque" based on its use in the sentence? A. Not transparent B. Warmly glowing C. Partially broken D. Mostly visible

(A) You also find context clues to word meaning by using logical inferences about the cause and effect of events in a sentence.

Maria was unable to complete her 10-mile hike,_________she had trained for several months. 2. Which transition word or phrase best completes the sentence? A. although B. in other words C. accordingly D. meanwhile

(A) You should be able to identify appropriate transitions based on context and recognize when a transition word is misused or another word is needed for clarity.

Which of the following is likely to occur after decreasing the pressure of a liquid? A. Increase in intramolecular forces between molecules B. Increase in boiling point C. Decrease in boiling point D. Increase in temperature

(A). The phase of a substance depends on two conditions: temperature and pressure. Increasing temperature has a tendency to move the particles of matter apart, and increasing pressure has a tendency to pack them closer together.

Which of the following best describes non-Mendelian inheritance patterns? A. Occurs when there are factors other than dominant and recessive traits B. Each trait has one dominant and one recessive allele C. Heterozygous monohybrid crosses result in a 1:1 ratio of dominant-to-recessive phenotypes D. Traits are only inherited on the somatic chromosomes

(A). non-Mendelian inheritance occurs when there are factors other than dominant and recessive alleles in play.

Which of the following uses correct punctuation for a quotation? A. "A good laugh and a long run," she said. "Are the two best cures for anything." B. "A good laugh and a long run," she said, "are the two best cures for anything." C. "A good laugh and a long run are the two best cures for anything." she said. D. "A good laugh and a long run are the two best cures for anything," She said.

(A)A direct quotation indicates that the words within the quotation marks are exactly what someone else has written or stated. The exact words must be placed within quotation marks, with the end mark within the quotation marks.

Malik is writing a research paper on a national park near his home. He consulted several reliable sources, created an outline to plan his paper, wrote a rough draft, and then revised his draft. Which element of the writing process does Malik need to add? A. Citing sources B. Adding an opposition C. Developing a writing plan D. Adding captions

(A)Another important part of the writing process is referencing the sources used in the text. Writers must identify the source of a quotation or idea that is not their own.

Based on an examination of the word parts, which of the following means "to breathe too quickly or too much"? A. hypoventilate B. hyperventilate C. superventilate D. interventilat

(B)

In which of the following does the suffix create a word that has a different meaning from the root word? A. goodness B. demonstrated C. running D. writes

(B)

The explorers travelled across the desert, and it seemed that it's heat would stop their progress. 1. Which of the following corrects an error in the sentence above? A. "Desert" should be "dessert." B. "It's" should be "its." C. "Seemed" should be "seamed." D. Their" should be "they're."

(B)

Which of the following sentences would indicate that the setting is the United States in the 1920s? A. Many people were able to endure the Blitz by the Germans during World War II. B. The film critics felt that the new actor was the bee's knees, but the film itself was all wet. C. You could feel the tension in the air as the gunslinger entered the room to confront his enemies. D. She was a cool cat who had a new hit that she was about to introduce at a gig in Chicago.

(B)

Which of the following uses a correct punctuation pattern for a complex sentence? A. Although I enjoy running I would never want to run a marathon. B. Although I enjoy running, I would never want to run a marathon. C. Although, I enjoy running I would never want to run a marathon D. Although I enjoy running I would never want to run, a marathon.

(B) A complex sentence has an independent clause and a dependent clause. Use a comma following an introductory subordinate clause to separate it from the independent clause.

Which of the following best describes the triple point? A. Point where temperature, pressure, and volume all equal one another B. Point where a substance can exists as a solid, liquid, and gas C. Point where no more energy can be absorbed by a substance D. Point where a substance starts to lose its shape

(B) At the triple point, solid, liquid, and gas coexist; above the critical point, liquid and gas coexist.

Which of the following is true of liquids? A. They have definite shape and volume. B. They have no definite shape, but they have definite volume. C. They have a definite shape but no definite volume. D. They have no definite shape and no definite volume.

(B) Liquid matter has definite volume but no definite shape, meaning that it will conform to the shape of the container.

Maria loved to travel, and no advice about safety is going to keep her from taking a trek across Alaska. 3. Which grammar error appears in the following sentence? A. Inappropriate transition word choice B. Tense disagreement C. Poor diction D. Ambiguous word choice

(B) The basic tenses are past, present, and future, but tense can also capture whether an action is complete. An action can be progressive, meaning incomplete, or perfective, meaning complete.

Which of the following is an example of prewriting? A. Citing sources B. Brainstorming C. Proofreading D. Editing

(B) While brainstorming, researching, and outlining could be considered prewriting, they often occur throughout the writing process.

Which of the following is a sentence fragment? A. Go hike a glacier! B. According to many experts on Alaska. C. Hiking is a great activity for your health. D. Maria loves to hike she also enjoys travel.

(B) You will also need to recognize incomplete sentences called fragments, which are missing a subject or predicate.

Which of the following is the name for a segment of DNA that codes for a protein? A. Nucleotide B. Gene C. Chromosome D. DNA

(B) genes, Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a macromolecule that contains genes that are the coded instructions for a cell to produce proteins.

Which of the following describes the process of diffusion? A. It is the movement of substances from a solid to liquid state. B. It is the movement of a substance from high concentration to low concentration. C. It requires a large amount of energy. D. It is specific to the movement of water only.

(B). Diffusion is the movement of any substance from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration. One example of this is when perfume is sprayed in a room.

Which of the following is a dependent clause? A. Swimming is a great form of exercise. B. Despite the fact that swimming can be difficult. C. There are four main swimming strokes to learn. D. Although it is time-consuming, everyone should learn to swim.

(B)A dependent clause cannot stand on its own because it doesn't finish a complete thought.

In which of the following sentences does "current" mean "a flow of electricity"? A. The current carried the kayak downstream. B. Before installing the ceiling fan, David turned off the current. C. The air current tossed the leaves on the trees. D. Bryan prefers to learn about current events by watching the news.

(B)Another strategy for using context clues is looking at words in a series. The meaning of each word should fit with the meaning of the other words in the group.

Which of the following is a key part of a paragraph? A. Sources B. Topic sentence C. Introductory phrase D. Opposition

(B)The key to an effective paragraph is that information about a topic is presented in a logical way.

Concentrations of sodium dissolved in water are higher inside the cell than outside. Which of the following best predicts which way the water will flow? A. Water will remain in equal concentrations on both sides of the cell membrane. B. Water will move from its low concentration (outside the cell) to the higher concentration (inside the cell). C. Water will move from its high concentration (outside the cell) to the lower concentration (inside the cell). D. Water will increase in concentration inside and outside the cell.

(B)Water moves from regions where solvent concentration is high to areas where solvent concentration is low. One example of osmosis is how plants take in water through their roots. Root cells contain minerals, sugars, and salts dissolved in water.

Based on an examination of the word parts, which of the following means "to stop doing something"? A. continuation B. continuous C. discontinue D. anticontinue

(C)

Which of the following examples would most likely act as a transition sentence? A. When you tap on the screen to refocus, a sun icon appears. B. Manually tapping on the subject of your photo adjusts the focus of the camera and also adjusts the exposure. C. Another phone camera feature that can improve your photography is manually setting exposure times. D. If you make the sun icon brighter, this will increase the light exposure of the photo.

(C)

You might also want to improve your phone photography by setting the focus on your phone camera. Most people don't realize that the automatic focus setting of most phone cameras is on the foreground of the image in the viewfinder. Most people don't bother to read the instruction manual of their phone. This can be a problem if the subject of your photograph is centered or in the background. It is also a problem if there is not a single subject for a photograph. Luckily, you can change the focus feature on your phone camera easily. Open your camera application, and simply tap on the screen where you want to sharpen the view. A square icon will appear on your screen. The focus of your photo will be the images inside the icon. 4. Which of the following sentences contains information that does not belong in the paragraph? A. You might also want to improve your phone photography by setting the focus on your phone camera. B. Open your camera application, and simply tap on the screen where you want to sharpen the view. C. Most people don't bother to read the instruction manual of their phone. D. It is also a problem if there is not a single subject for a photograph.

(C)

Which of the following best explains the cause of osteoporosis? A. Pathogens eat away at bone tissue. B. Ligaments degrade, causing joints to malfunction. C. Osteoclasts break down bone faster than osteoblasts deposit minerals. D. Osteoclasts break down bone slower than osteoblasts build them up

(C) If osteoclasts break down bone faster than osteoblasts deposit minerals, the bones become weakened and brittle. This is what happens in osteoporosis.

Which of the following uses the "double the consonant" rule correctly? A. "bleed" to "bleedding" B. "vomit" to "vomitted" C. "travel" to "travelled" D. "plow" to "plowwed"

(C) In a verb ending in a consonant, double the final consonant when adding a suffi x. However, never double "w," "x," or "y." In some cases, though, there isn't a defi nitive spelling for a word when it comes to this rule.

Which of the following statements best describes peristalsis? A. The partly digested food moving from the stomach to the small intestine. B. The mechanical breakdown of food entering the stomach. C. Muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract. D. Chemical digestion of food with the help of enzymes

(C) Peristalsis, which is the contractions of muscle in the esophagus, moves the bolus through the gastric sphincter to the stomach. The gastric sphincter prevents reflux of food back into the esophagus.

Which of the following statements best describes the function of veins? A. Veins carry deoxygenated blood. B. Veins carry oxygenated blood. C. Veins carry blood back to the heart. D. Veins carry blood away from the heart.

(C) Then, the oxygenated blood returns to the heart through veins.

Which of the following statements about nucleotides and genes is correct? A. A gene contains thousands of chromosomes. B. A nucleotide contains many genes and chromosomes. C. Nucleotides form strings of DNA that make up genes. D. Nucleotides form strings of chromosomes that make up DNA.

(C).

Which of the following is the number of chromosomes found in a human cell? A. 1 circular chromosome B. 22 (11 pairs) C. 46 (23 pairs) D. 50 (25 pairs)

(C). Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes, for a total of 46 chromosomes.

Which of the following is spelled correctly, showing an exception to a spelling rule? A. recieve B. beleive C. codeine D. feirce

(C)before 'e' except after 'c' or when sounding like 'a' as in 'neighbor' and 'weigh.'"

Uncle Bob placed the sandpaper, saw, plane, and T square in his shop. 4. Which of the following best defines the word "plane" based on its use in the sentence? A. Model aircraft B. Imaginary flat surface C. Tool for working wood D. Clearly visible

(C)the general ideas of a passage can provide clues to the meaning of a word. If we know, for instance, that the setting of a story is a spaceship, then we can determine that a reference to a "hatch" probably does not refer to an animal emerging from an egg but rather to a small door.

I. By the time I returned home from vacation, I was starting to get excited about the new courses I would be taking. II. I headed to my final exam with a mixture of fear and confidence. I couldn't wait for the exam to be over so I could take a break from my studies. III. The exam was difficult, but by keeping to my study schedule, I was well prepared. IV. As soon as I completed my exam, our family headed to my grandmother's home for the holiday. 3. Which of the following is the best chronological sequence to construct a paragraph with these sentences? A. IV, II, I, III B. IV, III, II, I C. I, II, III, IV D. II, III, IV, I

(D)

Julio decided to try a radical new approach to the stubborn, invasive weeds in his yard. 1. Which of the following best defines the word "radical" based on its use in the sentence? A. Politically liberal B. Progressive C. Carefully planned D. Complete and thorough

(D)

Which of the following sentences contains informal language? A. Many people are unaware of the variety of ways they can enhance the privacy settings on their mobile devices. B. A recent study found that using a passcode is more secure than using a swipe pattern to unlock a mobile phone. C. Write down your 15-digit International Mobile Equipment Identity (IMEI) in case your phone is ever lost or stolen. D. Having a phone case with bling may make your phone a target for theft, so don't use too flossy of a cover.

(D)

Which of the following is a correctly punctuated compound sentence? A. I've decided to run a 5K race; but running a long race requires training. B. I plan on taking two rest days per week and this will help me avoid injury. C. I'll run long distances on the weekend, and rest on the following day. D. Running a 5K race would be a great accomplishment, and exercise will improve my health.

(D) A compound sentence has two independent clauses. Use a comma before the conjunction that joins the clauses. Use a semicolon between two related independent clauses. Use a semicolon before a transition word that connects two independent clauses and a comma after a transition.

Which of the following situations requires the inclusion of a citation? A. The author is stating his or her own ideas. B. The author feels that the ideas described are important. C. The author is describing a setting in a story. D. the author is using a quotation from another person.

(D) Writers must identify the source of a quotation or idea that is not their own.

Using your knowledge of word parts, which of the following means "the act of judging beforehand"? A. judged B. judicious C. postjudgment D. prejudgment

(D) pre-before

Thinking about what you are grateful for is one of the keys to happiness. 2.Which of the following is the simple subject in the sentence above? A. Thinking B. is C. one D. keys

(D) the simple subject is the noun (or noun substitute), and the complete subject includes the noun and all its complements and modifiers.

Which of the following can lead to the breakdown of glycogen? A. High levels of insulin B. High levels of glucose C. Low levels of insulin D. Low levels of glucose

(D). If blood glucose levels are too low, glucagon is released, causing the liver to break down glycogen into glucose.

Which of the following examples is a compound-complex sentence? A. The large amusement park was packed with people, and they had all come for the opening of a new roller coaster. B. Although the weather forecast called for rain, people came to the park to ride the roller coaster. C. Just as the roller coaster was about to open, the crowd looked to the cloudy sky. D. The sun came out and was surrounded by a rainbow that brought gasps of awe from the crowd.

(D)A compound-complex sentence has two independent clauses and a dependent clause.

If all the following tasks are used in writing, which of the following would likely occur last? A. Researching potential sources B. Mapping possible topics and subtopics C. Developing an organizational outline D. Editing and proofreading

(D)For a professionally published piece of writing, there typically will be reviews by copy editors, fact checkers, and/or proofreaders with the chance for the writer to revise based on feedback.

The explorers became thirstier and their vision blurred as they travelled further across the arid desert and tryed to make their way to the oasis. 2. Which of the following corrects a misspelling in the sentence above? A. "Blurred" should be "blured." B. "Thirstier" should be "thirstyer." C. "Travelled" should be "traveled." D. "Tryed" should be "tried."

(D)When adding a suffix to a word ending in "y" preceded by a consonant, change the "y" to "i" and add the suffix. Don't change the "y" if the suffi x begins with "i."

amine group

(NH2); found at the end of every amino acid H R--N H

Phenotype vs. Genotype

- Phenotype: expressed physical traits - Genotype: Genetic make-up (combination of two alleles)

Which of the following is the density of a substance that has a mass of 22.5 g and a volume of 5 cubic cm? A. 0.22 g/ cubic cm B. 4.5 g/cubic cm C. 15 g/cubic cm D. 27.5g/cubic cm

4.5g/ cubic cm. (Physical properties can be used to identify substances. For example, density is the ratio of mass to volume)

Pea plants have seeds that are either green or yellow. Green seeds are dominant to yellow seeds. Two pea plants that are heterozygous for seed color are crossed. Predict the percentage of their offspring that will have green seeds. A. 0% B. 25% C. 50% D. 75%

75%. (When these two parents (the P 1 generation) are crossed, each parent contributes one allele. The "PP" parent can only contribute a "P" or dominant allele. The "pp" parent can only contribute a "p" or recessive allele. All offspring of this cross (the F 1 generation) will have the heterozygous genotype "Pp." They will all have the phenotype of purple because they contain a dominant allele)

F generation

Filial generation, offspring

Largest atomic radius

Francium (Fr)

Smallest atomic radius

Helium (He)

Which of the following structures secretes releasing hormones? A. Hypothalamus B. Pituitary C. Pancreas D. Liver

Hypothalamus. (Specialized cells in the hypothalamus secrete hormones called "releasing hormones" or "inhibiting hormones" to the pituitary.)

cytotoxic T cells is similar to?

Natural killer cell

P generation

Parental generation, the first two individuals that mate in a genetic cross

Which of the following chambers pumps blood toward the lungs? A. Left atrium B. Right atrium C. Left ventricle D. Right ventricle

RV. (The right ventricle pumps the blood toward the lungs, where it picks up oxygen and loses carbon dioxide.)

Which of the following blood components is responsible for transporting oxygen? A. Red blood cells B. Plasma C. Dissolved gases D. Leukocytes

Red blood cells ( RBC contain hemoglobin and transport oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body.)

In three to five sentences, describe how the skeletal and muscular system work together.

Skeletal muscles attach to bones, and these muscles are connected to and communicate with the central nervous system. When the muscle receives a signal to contract from the central nervous system, the muscle contracts, moving a bone it is connected to. Muscles connect to bones with tendons, which is a connective tissue. For example, triceps and bicep muscles control the movement of the elbow. Biceps and triceps connect to the arm bones, and when contracted, they move the arm bones into different positions. Muscles work in tandem in pairs. As one of the pair relaxes, the other contracts for one type of movement as shown in the following diagram. The contracting muscle is called the "prime mover," and the relaxed muscle in the pair is called the "antagonist."

In two to three sentences, describe how the integumentary system reacts to a rise in body temperature.

The integumentary system plays a vital role in thermoregulation. When the body becomes too warm, sebaceous glands produce sweat. The evaporation of the water on the skin creates a cooling effect. Blood vessels in the skin can also dilate when the body is warm. The dilated blood vessels carry more blood closer to the skin surface, and this can appear as flushed cheeks. The blood is then cooled and returned to deeper tissue at a cooler temperature. If the body is too cold, blood vessels constrict so that less blood is carried to the skin surface.

region of tibia and fibula

The leg is the region between the knee and ankle joints, and contains the tibia (medially) and the fibula (laterally). The knee joint is formed by the articulations between the medial and lateral condyles of the femur, and the medial and lateral condyles of the tibia.

In two to three sentences, explain the purpose of blood pressure in the kidney.

The pressure of the blood helps the glomerulus filter out wastes and return vital nutrients through the renal vein to the blood. Nephrons are a system of microscopic tubes that use various pressure levels to remove wastes and reabsorb important molecules and water.

What is simple predicate?

The simple predicate is the verb, and the complete predicate includes the verb and all its complements and modifiers.

order of bone fracture repair

There are four stages in the repair of a broken bone: 1) the formation of hematoma at the break, 2) the formation of a fibro cartilaginous callus, 3) the formation of a bony callus, and 4) remodeling and addition of compact bone.

In three to five sentences, explain why ice floats in liquid water. Use the concept of density in your answer.

This means that a sample of liquid water has a density of 1 gram per cubic centimeter (1 g/cubic cm) independent of the sample size. Denser substances will sink, whereas less dense substances will fl oat. For example, solid water (ice) is less dense than liquid water. That is why ice fl oats in liquid water; think about icebergs and ice cubes.

A pea plant has a dominant homozygous genotype. Which of the following letters best represent this genotype? A. WW B. Ww C. ww D. WX

WW. (The first parent plant has a genotype of "PP," which means two dominant alleles. This plant would express the dominant trait or phenotype of purple flowers. This parent is homozygous dominant for this trait.)

What causes suppression of immune system?

Your immune system can also be weakened by smoking, alcohol, and poor nutrition. AIDS. HIV, which causes AIDS, is an acquired viral infection that destroys important white blood cells and weakens the immune system.

Iron reacts with oxygen to form iron oxide, or rust. Which of the following describes the property of rust? A. A physical property B. A chemical property C. An ionic property D. Specific heat

a chemical property. (But if the sugar cube is burned, the sugar combines with oxygen, converting sugar to the new substances carbon dioxide and water. How sugar reacts is considered a chemical property.)

Emphysema/Chronic Bronchitis

a condition in which the air sacs of the lungs are damaged and enlarged, causing breathlessness. Emphysema is a lung condition that causes shortness of breath. In people with emphysema, the air sacs in the lungs (alveoli) are damaged. Over time, the inner walls of the air sacs weaken and rupture — creating larger air spaces instead of many small ones.

Define allele

a version of a gene

Which of the following glands releases epinephrine during stress? A. Hypothalamus B. Adrenal glands C. Pancreas D. Pituitary gland

adrenal gland (When the adrenal glands secrete epinephrine into the bloodstream, heart rate, blood pressure, muscle strength, and metabolism increase. This response is called "the fight-or-flight" response.)

In three to five sentences, explain what happens to the levels of blood glucose and hormones after eating.

after eating, blood glucose levels rise dramatically. soon after, the pancreas releases insulin. the increase in insulin results in the glucose being taken up by cells where it is either stored or used for energy. as a result of this blood glucose levels decrease.

Which of the following monomers form enzymes? A. Glucose and fructose B. Amino acids C. Nucleotides D. Fatty acids

amino acids. (Proteins are polymers of long chains of amino acid monomers.Enzymes are an important class of proteins that catalyze biochemical reactions without being consumed in the reaction.)

Researchers conducted an experiment on the effects of new antimold product. Which of the following is the dependent variable that should be measured to establish an effect in this experiment? A. Amount of antimold product B. Amount of mold growth C. Humidity D. Temperature

amount of mold growth. (The dependent variable is what is measured after the independent variable is changed. It is the observed condition that responds to the manipulation of the independent variable.)

Which of the following best describes the outcome if the kidneys stopped functioning? A. Blood would increase its carbon dioxide concentration. B. Blood would fill with waste and the human body would not be able to maintain homeostasis. C. The kidneys would fill with urine. D. The frequency in which a human excretes urine would increase.

blood would fill with waste and the human body would not be able to maintain homeostasis.

In the human body, which of the following organs is in a superior position to the lungs? a. Stomach b. Brain c. Spleen d. Heart

brain

Which of the following groups is synthesized from monosaccharides like glucose? A. Carbohydrates B. Lipids C. Protein D. Nucleic acid

carbohydrates. (For example, C6H12O6 is a common monosaccharide known as "glucose." Two monosaccharides join by dehydration synthesis to form disaccharides.)

Which of the following is considered a short bone? A. Skull bone B. Radius and ulna C. Carpals and tarsals D. Humerus and scapula

carpals and tarsals; Short bones have the same length and width. Examples of short bones are the square bones of the wrist and ankle.

Which of the following best describes the kind of message sent in the endocrine system? A. Electrical signals between axons B. Chemical signals that travel through the bloodstream C. Physical sensory signals received through the integumentary system D. Audiovisual signals processed through the brain

chemical signals that travel through the bloodstream (Hormones are various chemicals formed and then released by the body into the blood and act as signals to organs to perform various functions.)

Which of the following layers of the skin contains hair follicles? A. Dermis B. Sudoriferous C. Sebaceous D. Epidermis

dermis. (The dermis contains collagen, blood vessels, glands, hair follicles, and nerve endings. The innermost layer is the hypodermis.)

Which of the following layers of the skin contains a layer of dead cells? A. Dermis B. Hypodermis C. Sudoriferous D. Epidermis

epidermis. (The epidermis is made up of dead cells on the outside, and it has an inner layer of living cells. The epidermis also includes cells known as "melanocytes." Melanocytes produce and distribute melanin, which has many functions such as skin pigmentation and sleep regulation.)

Which of the following is the layer of skin that forms a protective, waterproof barrier? A. Dermis B. Sudoriferous C. Sebaceous D. Epidermis

epidermis. (The inner cells of the epidermis divide quickly, pushing older cells toward the surface. These old cells die and create a tough, waterproof outer surface.)

Which is the location where fertilization typically takes place? A. Vagina B. Penis C. Vas deferens D. Fallopian tubes

fallopian tube. (Fertilization normally occurs in the Fallopian tubes.)

Which of the following phase changes requires the loss of heat? A. Melting B. Evaporation C. Freezing D. Sublimation

freezing. (Removing heat from matter is required to change gas to liquid (condensation) or liquid to solid (freezing).

Which of the following units is appropriate for measuring the mass of a coin? A. Grams B. Meters C. Kilograms D. Kilometers

grams. (The mass of atoms is measured using atomic mass units, whereas the mass of an elephant is measured in kilograms.)

A bacteria cell enters the body through a cut in the skin. Which of the following describes the immune response that would occur next? a) cytotoxic t-cells b)helper t-cells are activated c)histamines are released d) antigens are released

histamines (inflammatory response) are released

Which of the following best describes the purpose of hyaline cartilage in the skeletal system? A. It forms the matrix of a bone. B. It develops into osteocytes. C. It strengthens the entire skeletal system. D. It reduces friction at joints.

it reduces friction at joints. (The articulating surfaces of bones are covered in hyaline cartilage, which prevents them from grinding against each other.)

Which of the following units is most appropriate for measuring the height of a giraffe? A. Centimeters B. Meters C. Kilometers D. Millimeters

kilometer .(For example, the diameter of human hair can be measured in micrometers (millionths of a meter), and the height of a human would more commonly be measured in meters.)

In two to three sentences, describe the part of the arm that is most distal to the shoulder of the human body.

ligaments, wrist and elbows are all distal (away) to the human body's arm

Circulatory function

lymph vessels reclaim fluids lost by capillaries and return it to the superior vena cava

Which of the following best describes one function of estrogen? A. Production of sperm cells B. Maturation of eggs C. Release of egg D. Fertilization

maturation of eggs. (Release of estrogen causes the egg to mature in the ovary's Graafian follicle and the uterine endometrium to thicken.)

Which of the following structures absorbs nutrients in the small intestine? A. Mucus B. Microvilli C. Enzymes D. Hormones

microvilli. (Villi and microvilli in the small intestine (largely the ileum) absorb polar-digested nutrients into blood, lipids into lacteals as chylomicrons, and vitamin B12.)

Because muscle cells require large amounts of energy to function correctly, which organelles would be prevalent in those types of cells? a. Ribosomes b. Mitochondria c. Cytoskeleton d. Cell membrane

mitochondria (Skeletal muscle cells contain high numbers of MITOCHONDRIA because of the energy needed for movement.)

In which of the following organs does digestion begin? A. Mouth B. Stomach C. Small intestine D. Pancreas

mouth (First, food is ingested through the mouth where mechanical digestion begins.)

which of the following helps to prevent pathogens from invading the body? a) histamines b)mucus c)t-cells d)macrophages

mucus, skin, secretion (first step).

Which of the following lists the primary parts of the heart? A. Blood cells B. Muscle tissue split into two chambers C. Muscle tissue split into four chambers D. Four ventricles

muscle tissue split into four chambers

Which of the following structures is the functional unit of the kidney? A. Renal capillaries B. Glomerulus C. Nephron D. Cortex

nephron (The functional unit of the kidney is the nephron.)

Which of the following waste products from digestion does the kidney remove? A. Nitrogen B. Sodium chloride C. Protein D. Carbon

nitrogen nitrogenous waste from protein digestion is toxic and must be removed because it will form ammonia.

Which of the following macromolecules stores genetic information? A. Carbohydrates B. Lipids C. Protein D. Nucleic acid

nucleic acid. (The two nucleic acids in living systems are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). DNA is a double-stranded helix that stores genetic information.)

Which of the following organelles is responsible for storing genetic information? a. Nucleus b. Ribosomes c. Cell membrane d. Lysosomes

nucleus ( nucleus holds all genetic information such as DNA, and conducts the building of ribosomes)

Which of the following foods contain mostly lipids? A. Potatoes B. Oil C. Chicken D. Lettuce

oil. (Lipids are subdivided into four groups: fats and oils, waxes, phospholipids, and steroids, and all are insoluble in water. Fats are a dietary component found in oils, butter, and meat.)

Which of the following breaks down bone material? A. Osteoclasts B. Osteoblasts C. Canaliculi D. Osteocytes

osteoclast. (Osteoclasts break down bone minerals of the matrix. This building up and breaking down of bone is important for strengthening bones.)

Which of the following organs produce female gametes? A. Ovary B. Testes C. Prostate D. Uterus

ovary. (In females, FSH signals the ovaries to produce more estrogen.)

Which of the following best describes the expression of alleles? A. Heritable trait B. Genotype C. Phenotype D. P generation

phenotype.(The alleles that are present in an organism determine the phenotype of the organism; a "phenotype" is the expression of the genes for that trait. Phenotypes are visible traits such as seed color and unseen traits such as blood type.)

Which of the following types of cells produce antibodies? a) T-cell b)plasma-cells c)memory cells d)macrophages

plasma-cells (The helper T cell induces the B cell to multiply rapidly into secretory cells called "plasma cells." These plasma cells will then produce large amounts of an antibody that can bind the antigen.)

Which of the following best describes the function of melanocytes? A. Secretion of substances like minerals and alcohol B. Production of melanin C. Absorption of vitamin D D. Sensing the environment

production of melanin. (Melanocytes in the epidermis produce melanin, which helps to protect the body from ultraviolet radiation from the Sun.)

Which of the following describes the function of the ribosome? a. Protein synthesis b. Energy production c. Cell movement d. Storage of molecules

protein synthesis

Which of the following is a function of the pineal gland? A. Releasing growth hormone B. Releasing melatonin C. Releasing insulin and glucagon D. Releasing luteinizing hormone

releasing melatonin. (The pineal gland releases the hormone melatonin, which is involved in regulating sleep cycles.)

In two to three sentences, describe two chambers of the heart that have thicker walls. Why would these chambers be thicker?

right and left ventricles was thick-walled because they pump blood towards the whole body which needs more energy then pumping blood into the heart itself.

In which of the following organs does the breakdown of proteins begin? A. Mouth B. Stomach C. Small intestine D. Pancreas

stomach (There are three main secretions of the stomach: PEPSINOGEN, mucus, and hydrochloric acid. Mucus lines the stomach, hydrochloric acid creates an acidic environment, and PEPSIN helps digest proteins in this acidic environment.)

which of the following results from the production of luteinizing hormone (LH) in males? A. Bone growth B. Facial hair growth C. Testosterone production D. Sperm production

testosterone production. (In males, LH is released and signals the testes to produce more testosterone. Testosterone and FSH stimulate the production of sperm cells.)

Which of the following nucleotides pairs with adenine? A. Guanine B. Adenine C. Cytosine D. Thymine

thymine. (The base A (adenosine) always pairs with T (thymine) on the other strand, and G (guanine) always pairs with C (cytosine). Thus A-T and G-C are referred to as complementary base pairs.)

which of the following best describes the purpose of a vaccine? A.)To produce extra inflammatory responses such as the release of histamines B.)To practice passive immunity C.)To produce antibodies in case of future infection D.)To increase macrophage production

to produce antibodies in case of future infection. (Vaccinations introduce antigens, which are weakened or killed, to elicit an immune response.)

Which of the following parts of the male genitourinary system also transports sperm? A. Ureter B. Urethra C. Uterus D. Urinary bladder

urethra (In males, the urethra passes through the penis and also carries sperm. Females have a much shorter urethra)

A pea plant has a recessive homozygous genotype. Which of the following letters best represent this genotype? A. WW B. Ww C. ww D. WX

ww. (The second individual has the genotype "pp." This second parent plant would express the recessive phenotype of white flowers because there is not dominant allele present. This parent is homozygous recessive for this trait.)