AP Gov Chapter 2 quiz

The _________ Amendment protects against unreasonable searches and seizures.

4th

The _________ protects against excessive bail, excessive fines, and cruel and unusual punishment.

8th amendment

Before it could take effect, the Constitution had to be ratified by __________ states.

9

Including the Bill of Rights, __________ amendments have been added to the Constitution.

27

Which political philosopher inspired the phrase "life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness" in the Declaration of Independence?

John Locke

Which document proclaimed, "Each state retains its sovereignty, freedom, and independence, and every power, jurisdiction, and right, which is not ... expressly delegated to the United States"?

Articles of Confederation

Which document proclaimed, "Each state retains its sovereignty, freedom, and independence, and every power, jurisdiction, and right, which is not ... expressly delegated to the United States"?

The Articles of Confederation

The Great Compromise provided for

a two-chamber legislature with equal representation for all states in one chamber and population-based representation in the other.

According to pluralist theory, group struggle is democratic if

all groups are allowed to participate.

The chief obstacle to ratification of the Constitution by the states wa

the omission of a bill of rights.

Those who support elite theory claim that the United States is governed by a relatively small class of people whose power is based on

control of wealth and corporations.

Congress exercises a potential check on the judicial branch through its constitutional power to

create or eliminate lower federal courts.

A sign that pluralist democracy might not be working well in the United States is the

discovery that the best represented sectors in Washington are business and professional groups.

Capitalism is best described as a(n)

economic system in which production and property are privately owned, with a minimum of government interference.

Liberals are more likely to favor generous government support for

education, housing, public transportation, and a whole range of social programs.

A constitutional clause that allows for a broad interpretation of implied powers is known as a(n) __________ clause.

elastic

__________ became a major objective of government after industrialization and urbanization.

equality

Shays's Rebellion consisted of

farmers trying to prevent foreclosure on their property for debts and taxes owed.

Conservatives strongly favor

firm police action and swift punishment for criminals, traditional patterns of social relations, and less government regulation of business.

Unless they are impeached, federal judges serve

for life.

The three-fifths formula that was used in regard to representation in the House

had been used in 1783 under the Articles to allocate government costs among the states.

The national government under the U.S. Constitution

lacks a general police power.

One similarity between the Virginia Plan and the New Jersey Plan was that both plans

left unspecified how many people the executive might have.

Article I of the Constitution refers to the

legislative branch

According to John Locke, the fundamental purpose of government is the protection of

life, liberty, and property

The "unalienable rights" identified by the Declaration of Independence are

life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.

Elite theory is discredited as an explanation of American national politics because studies show that

no one identifiable group regularly prevails on different issues.

In general, libertarianism

opposes all government action except that which protects life and property.

The division of authority in the U.S. Constitution among competing branches and levels of government has encouraged the development o

pluralism.

Whereas majority rule is defined as decision making by 50 percent plus one person, _________ is defined as decision making by most participants.

plurality rule

A country abiding by the principle "one man, one vote" is practicing

political equality

Each citizen having one vote demonstrates

political equality

Public goods can best be described as benefits and services

provided by government to benefit all citizens

An alleged weakness of the majoritarian democratic model is its

reliance on the American public to be knowledgeable and participatory.

A republic is a government

resting on the consent of the governed through their representatives.

Originally, the Constitutional Convention's purpose was to

revise the Articles of Confederation.

A government pursuing laissez-faire policies would

take a hands-off attitude toward the economy.

Which of the following statements concerning the framers of the Constitution is correct?

They believed "experience must be our only guide, reason may mislead us."

John Locke's views on government are expressed in

Two Treatises on Government.

A group of delegates to the Constitutional Convention proposed a powerful national government to replace the weak confederation of states. This was known as the

Virginia Plan

A confederation can best be described as

a loose association of independent states.

Compared with majoritarian thought, the pluralist model of democracy shifts the focus of democratic decision making from __________ to ________

the mass electorate; organized groups

The assignment in the Constitution of lawmaking, law-enforcing, and law-interpreting functions to the legislative, executive, and judicial branches respectively is known as

a separation of powers.

A key component of the Virginia Plan was

a strong national legislature.

Antifederalists attacked the proposed Constitution on the grounds that

the national government it created was too strong

According to Madison in Federalist No.10, the most common and durable source of factions has been

unequal distribution of property.

Under separation of powers, the U.S. system keeps power among branches balanced by enabling one branch to counter the actions of another by the use of

checks and balances.

The primary contribution of the Federalist papers is

their insight into the reasons for constitutional provisions.

Federalism, or the division of power between a national government and regional units, stands in contrast to

unitary government.

Shays's Rebellion indicated the

urgent need to maintain domestic order.

The _________ guaranteed citizenship to all persons, including blacks.

14th

The idea that the most important government decisions are made by an identifiable and stable minority that shares certain characteristics is called

Elite Theory

Supporters of the Constitution named themselves

Federalist

According to the New Jersey Plan, how was representation to be structured in Congress?

There would be one house, and all states would have equal representation in it.

The primary goal of Federalist No. 10 was to demonstrate that the new government

would not fall under the dominance of any one faction.

The framers of the Constitution intended _________ to be the strongest branch(es) of government.

congress

The constitutional amendment process requires

extraordinary majorities.

An organized group that seeks to influence government policy is called a(n)

interest group.

To amend the Articles of Confederation required a

unanimous vote.

The Bill of Rights consists of the first __________ amendments to the Constitution.

10

The _________ guarantees that citizens' right to vote cannot be denied "on account of sex."

19th amendment

The Federalist papers were written by

Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison.

The idea of republicanism may be traced to the philosopher

Aristotle.

The power of Congress to charter a bank is an example of what type of power?

Implied

Which document proclaimed, "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights"?

The Declaration of Independence

A popular election is the primary mechanism for democratic government in which model?

The majoritarian model

The Declaration of Independence was based on input from many people, but its primary author was

Thomas Jefferson.

Government policies aimed at redistributing wealth

are strongly favored by communists.

The main argument against the need for a bill of rights was that

the Constitution established a government of limited powers; because the government was not given the power to regulate individual liberties, no bill of rights was necessary.