PSY-101 Ch. 5

Réussis tes devoirs et examens dès maintenant avec Quizwiz!

binocular cues

depth cues, such as retinal disparity, that depend on the use of two eyes

perceptual constancy

perceiving objects as unchanging even as illumination and retinal images change

psychokinesis

"mind over matter" ie levitating a table or influencing the roll of a die

red-green color blindness

A category of common, sex-linked human disorders involving several genes on the X chromosome; characterized by a malfunction of light-sensitive cells in the eyes; affects mostly males but also homozygous females.

linear perspective

A monocular cue for perceiving depth; the more parallel lines converge, the greater their perceived distance.

hair cells

After a rap concert, as Jamie walks out into the fresh air, she notices her ears are ringing. This ringing indicates possible damage to: ___________of the basilar membrane

perceptual adaptation

After some practice, Carol was able to read books while holding them upside down. This BEST illustrates:

binocular

Amber is participating in a local psychology experiment in which the research assistant asks Amber to hold two pencils in front of her and touch the tips together. She then asks Amber to do this with one eye closed. Amber finds this terribly difficult, which demonstrates the importance of ___________ cues to depth perception.

rod

Any of the long rod-shaped photosensitive receptors in the retina responsive to faint light.

Red; green

Damon, who is among the 8 percent of males with colorblindness, suffers from the most common form of color blindness. Which statement BEST illustrates Damon's experience of color? _________seems to be the same color as __________.

pitch

Enrico is having trouble telling the difference between the sound of a tuba and the sound of a piccolo. Even though a piccolo produces much briefer, faster sound waves than does a tuba, he has trouble picking out the differences in the ________ of these sounds.

fovea

James is threading a needle under a bright light bulb. During this task, James' vision is driven mainly by the cones in his:

a rod or cone cell.

Light makes its first contact with the nervous system at:

dilating

Mia is attracted to a man she is chatting with in a nightclub. What is probably happening to her eyes? Her pupils are __________.

telepathy

Mind-to-mind communication is known as

not recognize

Monte was born with cataracts. He had surgery when he was 30 years old, which restored his sight. After his surgery, he could: ____________objects by sight that were familiar to him by touch.

nose

Morrie has had a cold for five days, and his nose is so stuffy that he cannot smell anything. When he goes to drink your coffee, he finds that it is tasteless. What is the MOST likely reason for this? To savor a taste, we need to breathe the aroma through our ____________..

sensory systems

Our _________ adapt after prolonged exposure to a constant stimulus, so that we detect potentially important changes in what's going on.

linear perspective

Railroad tracks appear to converge in the distance. This provides a cue for depth perception known as

kinesthetic receptors

Receptors in the muscles, joints, and skin that provide information about movement, posture, and orientation.

synesthesia

Seeing the numeral 3, for instance, may evoke a particular taste sensation in a condition called

bottom-up; top-down

Tania was running outside and she felt a sensation on her leg and stopped to look. She saw a large red bump that she deduced was caused by getting stung by an insect. This deduction seemed only to increase her anxiety and pain. The influence of the sting itself on Tania's pain is a(n) ____________influence. The influence of her deduction is a(n) _____influence.

optic nerve

The axons of the ganglion cells form the:

psychokinesis

The cliché of the individual with extrasensory perceptual abilities bending a spoon with their mind illustrates the more specific phenomenon of:

perceptual constancy

The fact that we recognize objects as having a consistent form, regardless of how the viewing angle changes, illustrates:

faces

The human brain is especially sensitive to:

perceptual set

The phenomenon of _______________ underscores the contribution of top-down processes to perception.

cochlea > basilar membrane > hair cells

The sequence of the structures of the inner ear from the largest and most inclusive to the smallest and most specific.

hammer, anvil, and stirrup

The three tiny bones that transmit vibrations to the cochlea.

sensory interaction

Troy and Allan are in the mood to have a hamburger for lunch. Troy wants to grill the hamburger outside instead of cooking it on top of the stove because he says he likes the taste of a grilled hamburger more than one cooked on top of the stove. The difference in taste Troy prefers is actually caused by the smell of the charcoal embedded into the hamburger. This is an example of:

sensory adaption

When Thad arrived at the gym Tuesday morning, he noticed the musty odor of the showers in the locker room. As he finished changing, he did not notice the smell. This is probably the result of:

60; 85

When two friends talk over lunch, the amplitude of their conversation is about ________ decibels. A whisper is 20 decibels. Anything over _______ decibels will cause hearing loss. 500 is a jet engine.

amplitude

Which property of light waves is responsible for what we see as brightness or intensity?

embodied cognition

You are looking for a new roommate. You invite a person you hope will agree to be your new roommate to meet you in your apartment. Your mother, who is a real estate agent, tells you to bake cookies and make hot tea just before your prospective roommate arrives. She explains that the hot drink and smell of the cookies will affect this person's judgment of you. This is an example of:

semicircular canals

You are playing "Ring Around the Rosie" with your little cousins and are spinning around and around. When you stop you still feel as though you are spinning because your ___________________________ and kinesthetic receptors haven't returned to their neutral state.

low-frequency

You are waiting for your friend to give you a ride on his new motorcycle. As your friend pulls up the driveway, the brakes squeal loudly. You get on, and then your friend steps on the engine. As the motorcycle accelerates, the engine roars loudly. The high-pitched squeal of the brakes was caused by high-frequency sound waves, and the equally loud but low-pitched roar of the engine was caused by __________________ sound waves.

ineffectual

You wake up early in the morning and your room is fairly dark. You look over and see your shirt hanging on a hook. You know it's your red shirt because you hung it up there before you went to bed, but in the dark you can't see its color. It looks dark gray to you. Why is that? In the dim light, the cones in your eyes are _____________.

unaffected

Your 8-year-old cat Minnie ran away, got into a neighbor's cellar, and was stuck there for two months. Luckily, there was enough food and water in the basement for Minnie to survive. However, it was pitch black. When your neighbor returned from her two-month vacation, she found Minnie and returned her to you. How will this sensory deprivation affect Minnie's vision? Her vision will be _________ by this sensory deprivation.

sensory adaption

a decrease in sensitivity to a constant level of stimulation

tinnitus

a jingling; a ringing or buzzing in the ear

perceptual set

a mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another

basilar membrane

a structure in the inner ear that undulates when vibrations from the ossicles reach the cochlear fluid

Tinnitus

an auditory phantom limb sensation.

bottom-up processing

analysis that begins with the sensory receptors and works up to the brain's integration of sensory information

Low frequency sound waves...

are low pitched sounds.

Synesthesia

describing one kind of sensation in terms of another ("a loud color", "a sweet sound")

Nociceptors

initiate the sensation of pain.

embodied cognition

in psychological science, the influence of bodily sensations, gestures, and other states on cognitive preferences and judgments

perceptual adaptation

in vision, the ability to adjust to an artificially displaced or even inverted visual field

Bottom-up

processing that starts at the very basic level of sensory receptors and works up to higher levels of processing.

Nociceptors

sensory receptors that enable the perception of pain in response to potentially harmful stimuli

hair cells in ear

specialized auditory receptor neurons embedded in the basilar membrane

Fovea

the central focal point in the retina, around which the eye's cones cluster

sensory interaction

the principle that one sense may influence another, as when the smell of food influences its taste

top-down processing

the use of preexisting knowledge to organize individual features into a unified whole

semicircular canals

three canals within the inner ear that contain specialized receptor cells that generate nerve impulses with body movement

higher-wavelength

Snakes can detect infrared waves radiated by the bodies of their prey. As compared with humans, snakes can see _______________ waves.

cochlea

a coiled, bony, fluid-filled tube in the inner ear through which sound waves trigger nerve impulses


Ensembles d'études connexes

System Analysis and Design: Project Management, Ch7

View Set

the child with a respiratory disorder

View Set

U.S History Unit 3 Summer School

View Set

Nissan Intelligent All Wheel Drive

View Set