Project Management

If cost variance is a positive number, it means that performing the work costs more than planned

false

In an earned value chart, when the actual cost line is right on or above the earned value line, it indicates that costs are less than planned.

false

In project time management, the next step after sequencing activities is to define these activities

false

Integration testing involves testing of each individual component to ensure that it is as defect-free as possible

false

Managers who believe in Theory Y assume that workers dislike and avoid work if possible, so managers must use coercion, threats, and various control schemes to get workers to make adequate efforts to meet objectives

false

The email is the most appropriate medium for all types of communications

false

The main disadvantage of crashing is that it lengthens the time needed to finish a project.

false

Validated changes and validated deliverables are the outputs of the quality assurance process

false

When deciding what projects to invest in or continue, one should include sunk costs

false

many projects fail because of unclear requirements and expectations, so starting with a payback analysis makes a lot of sense

false

the ROI is always positive

false

the scope baseline in a WBS consists of the requirements documentation and enterprise environmental factors

false

The final process in project time management is developing the schedule

false controlling the schedule

After defining project activities, the next step in project time management is developing the schedule

false determining their dependencies

The first step in the framework for defining and assigning work is ___

finalizing the project requirements

AOA network diagrams use only ___ dependencies

finish-to-start

___ communication happens when two or more people to exchange information via meetings, phone calls, or video conferencing

interactive

___ involves identifying and managing the points of interaction between various elements of the project.

interface management

The capacity to understand the motivations, intentions and desires of others is

interpersonal intelligence

which of the following is true of return on investment or ROI

it is always a percentage

the ___ theory states that when many items are produced repetitively, the unit cost of those items decreases in a regular pattern as more units are produced

learning curve

The items discussed in a(n) ___ include reflections on whether project goals were met, whether the project was successful or not, the causes of variances on the project, the reasoning behind corrective actions chosen, the use of different project management tools and techniques, and personal words of wisdom based on team members' experiences

lessons-learned report

the critical path is the ___ path through a network diagram, and it represents the ___ amount of slack or float.

longest; shortest

a work package is a task at the ___ level of the WBS

lowest

___ is a technique that uses branches radiating out from a core idea to structure thoughts and ideas

mind mapping

Validated changes and validated deliverables are the outputs of the ___ subprocess of project quality management

monitoring and controlling

Project managers must conduct cash flow analysis to determine ___

net present value

___ analysis is a method of calculating the expected net monetary gain or loss from a project by discounting all expected future cash inflows and outflows to the present point in time.

net present value

An important technique for ___ is the status review meeting

performance reporting

the ___ is the portion of the approved total cost estimate planned to be spent on an activity during a given period

planned value

The first process involved in project time management is ___

planning schedule management

which of the following is a proactive process undertaken to reduce the probability of negative consequences associated with project risks

preventive actions

Project costs, like project schedules, grow out of the basic documents that initiate a project, like the ___

project charter

the main outputs of scope definition are the ___ and project document updates

project scope statement

According to Thamhain and Wilemon, ___ is the ability to improve a worker's position

promotion

___ refers to the process of developing a working replica of the system or some aspect of the system

prototyping

Performing ___ involves periodically evaluating overall project performance to ensure that the project will satisfy the relevant quality standards

quality assurance

A(n) ___ is a structured review of specific quality management activities that help identify lessons learned that could improve performance on current or future projects

quality audit

Performing ___ involves monitoring specific project results to ensure that they comply with the relevant quality standards while identifying ways to improve overall quality

quality control

The timeframe for a(n) ___ estimate is often three or more years prior to project completion

rough order of magnitude

Taking time to renew oneself physically, spiritually, mentally and socially is

sharpening the saw

the ___ model focuses on defining user requirements and planning software projects

software quality function deployment (SQFD)

In the Tuckman model, ___ occurs as team members have different opinions as to how the team should operate

storming

the business case includes information on ___

the project objective, high-level requirements, and time and cost goals

A dependency pertains to the sequencing of project activities or tasks

true

A schedule management plan includes information which describes the format and frequency of schedule reports required for the project.

true

IT project managers must be able to present and discuss project information both in financial and technical terms

true

Maslow's hierarchy of needs states that people's behaviors are guided or motivated by a sequence of needs

true

People who need institutional power or social power want to organize others to further the goals of the organization

true

Project managers are ultimately responsible for quality management on their projects

true

The Six Sigma approach works best for a project where a quality problem is identified between the current and desired performance

true

The first dimension of psychological type in the MBTI signifies whether people draw their energy from other people (extroverts) or from inside themselves (introverts)

true

Using Six Sigma principles is an organization-wide commitment and all employees must embrace its principles

true

an annual discount factor is a multiplier for each year based on the discount rate and year

true

change requests are always made in writing

true

information from the project charter provides a basis for further defining the project scope

true

interface management involves identifying and managing the points of interaction between various elements of a project

true

some organizations initiate projects using a contract in place of a project charter

true

___ is a process for identifying and modeling business events, who initiated them, and how the system should respond to them

use case modeling

___ refers to the difference between planned and actual performance

variance

___ are the system's special characteristics that appeal to users

Features

Which of the following is an output of schedule control

Lessons-learned reports

___ costing considers the total cost of ownership, or development plus support costs, for a project

Life cycle

___ involves tracking team member performance, motivating team members, providing timely feedback, resolving issues and conflicts, and coordinating changes to help enhance project performance

Managing the project team

___ help users to identify the vital few contributors that account for most quality problems in a system

Pareto charts

___ involves using incentives to induce people to do things

Reward power

Which of the following is a relationship in which the "from" activity cannot start until the "to" activity is started

Start-to-start

___ describe where the project stands at a specific point in time

Status reports

According to McClelland's acquired-needs theory, people with a high need for ___ desire harmonious relationships with other people and need to feel accepted by others

affiliation (nAff)

in the ___ approach for constructing a WBS, you use a similar project's WBS as a starting point

analogy

a(n) ___ is the original project plan plus approved changes

baseline

a(n) ___ is a formal, documented process that describes when and how official project documents may be modified, the people authorized to make modifications, and the paperwork required for these changes.

change control system

According to Blake and Mouton, project managers who use the ___ method use a give-and take-approach to resolving conflicts

compromise

A ___ is a graphic display of data that illustrates the results of a process over time

control chart

___ should result in improvements in project performance

corrective actions

Accountants define ___ as a resource sacrificed or foregone to to achieve a specific objective.

cost

a(n) ___ is a time-phased budget that project managers use to measure and monitor cost performance

cost baseline

The technique for making cost and schedule trade-offs to obtain the greatest amount of schedule compression for the least incremental cost is known as ___

crashing

the majority of time on a project is usually spent on ___, as is most of the project's budget

execution

Which of the following dependencies involve relationships between project and non-project activities

external

A budgetary estimate is the most accurate of the three types of estimates

false

A disadvantage of using Gantt charts is that they do not provide a standard format for displaying planned project schedule information

false

A drawback of the precedence diagramming method is that it cannot be used unless dummy activities are employed

false

___ involves reviewing the project charter, requirements documents, and organizational process assets to create a scope statement, adding more information as requirements are developed and change requests are approved

defining scope

A negative schedule variance means that it took lesser than planned to perform the work

false

The main outputs of the ___ process are team performance assessments and enterprise environmental factors updates

developing the project team

Analogous estimates are the most accurate technique to estimate costs

false

In project time management, which of the following processes involve analyzing activity sequences, activity resource estimates, and activity duration estimates to create the project schedule

developing the schedule

___ are new requirements imposed by management, government, or some external influence

directives

___ involves assigning the needed personnel to work on the project

Acquiring the project team

Which of the following is a difference between an activity list and an activity attribute

An activity attribute provides more schedule-related information about each activity than an activity list

___ helps integrate traditionally separate organizational functions, set process improvement goals and priorities, provide guidance for quality processes, and provide a point of reference for appraising current processes

CMMI

___ means the project's processes and products meet written specifications

Conformance to requirements

wrote Quality Is Free in 1979 and is best known for suggesting that organizations strive for zero defects

Crosby

Which of the following processes in project time management involves identifying the specific tasks that the project team members and stakeholders must perform to produce the project deliverables

Defining activities

___ involves building individual and group skills to enhance project performance

Developing the project team

___ is best known for developing Theory X and Theory Y

Douglas McGregor

___ is a project performance measurement technique that integrates scope, time, and cost data

Earned value management

Project cost estimates are allocated to work items which are based on the activities in the ___ for the project

work breakdown structure