Community Health- Final Review

In the Theory of Transtheoretical Model, during the precontemplation stage, the person is preparing to take action. True False

False

The affective learning domain includes feelings, attitudes, skills, and interests. True False

False

A goal is a broad statement of the outcome that the instructor expects from the target group upon completing the presentation. True False

True

The emphasis on having an ongoing needs assessment and employing changes as needed are important functions in public health program operation. True False

True

In the evaluation phase of your program, you plan to measure the children's performance skills in the area of oral hygiene. Which method would be best to accomplish this? a) A demonstration of the procedures by the children b) An oral survey of the children's attitudes on oral health c) A surprise index at the school after lunch d) A written pretest and posttest

a) A demonstration of the procedures by the children

What is this objective missing? "Given the appropriate text, the student will recite a famous Haiku poem from that text." a) degree b) condition c) audience d) behavior

a) degree

One of your private practice patients is a nursing home administrator. She requests your assistance in providing an oral health care program for the patients with Alzheimer's disease who reside at the Manor Care. The program is to include education, screening, and referral. The residents are from a lower socioeconomic group and have complex health histories. The social worker has consents for dental treatment, if needed, and a vehicle for transportation. What would be the first step in planning this program? a) Planning an educational session for the residents b) Arranging a meeting of the people to be involved to assess the needs and to determine goals and objectives for the program c) Assessing survey attitudes of the residents to determine what is needed d) Arranging a time for an in-service educational session for the nursing home staff

b) Arranging a meeting of the people to be involved to assess the needs and to determine goals and objectives for the program

(1) Baseline data is information collected during the assessment phase of program planning, before a program has been implemented. (2) It can be used to identify the needs of the target population as well as evaluate program outcome after the program has been implemented. a. Both statements are false b. First statement is true, second is false c. Both statements are true d. First statement is false, second is true

c. Both statements are true

To make sure that your data will be reliable before you conduct the screening, you should: a) Contact the parents of the children b) Inform the children about oral hygiene c) Plan how many children will be included d) Calibrate the examiners

d) Calibrate the examiners

What factors may affect learning styles? a) Genetics b) Personality c) Environmental influences d) all of the above

d) all of the above

Dental health educational programs strive to provide people in a one-on-one setting with preventive dental health tools. true false

false

The following objective is an example of what type of objective: Given the opportunity to work in a team with several people of different races, the student will demonstrate an positive increase in attitude towards non-discrimination of race, as measured by a checklist utilized/completed by non-team members. a) Affective b) Psychomotor c) cognitive d) Condition

_________

If the fluoridation referendum fails to pass once again, which alternative plan would be the most effective? a) Sending letters to parents requesting them to take their children to the dentist for treatment and fluoride b) Initiating a school fluoride mouth rinse program c) Giving oral hygiene lessons in the classrooms d) Getting the children to participate in a sealant program

b) Initiating a school fluoride mouth rinse program

Developing goals and objectives to be used in population lesson planning is what stage of the Dental Hygiene Process of Care? a) Assessment b) Dental Hygiene Diagnosis c) Planning d) Implementation

c) Planning

What are the four core program planning functions for government public health agencies as identified by the Institute of Medicine? a. Data collection, data analysis, program planning, program implementation b. Assessment, program planning, program implementation, program evaluation c. Assessment, policy development, assurance, & serving all functions d. Identify desired result, set priorities, implementation, impact evaluation

c. Assessment, policy development, assurance, & serving all functions

You practice dental hygiene in a low-socioeconomic-level, multicultural city with a population of 1.5 million. The office you work in, however, serves a relatively higher socioeconomic population of the city. The city water supply is not fluoridated; consequently, dental decay is prevalent in the mouths of children residing in the poorer sections of the city. Most families in the city are of Hispanic descent. You recently assisted the public health dental hygienist in conducting a screening on the children in a local elementary school to document their oral health status. Fluoridation was defeated 10 years ago because of a strong anti-fluoridation campaign. Fluoridation will be on the ballot again in 8 months. What would be the best thing for you, as a private practice dental hygienist, to do to help get the fluoride referendum passed? a) Continuing educating your patients on the benefits of fluoride b) Start calling community leaders c) Make a financial contribution to the cause d) Check with your local dental hygiene component to determine when a unified plan of action has been developed and how you might help

Check with your local dental hygiene component to determine when a unified plan of action has been developed and how you might help

A public health dental hygienist has been contracted by the local farm bureau because of a large number of worker absences caused by oral health issues. The population has low socioeconomic status (SES), is homogeneous, and does not have access to a community water supply. The hygienist decides to gather information via oral screenings conducted on a sample of the population. Findings indicate a mean DMFT score of 13.4, a mean OHI-S of 2.5, and a mean CPI of 3.1 with no clinical evidence of recession. A DMFT score of 13.4 indicates that decay is present. True False

False

The purpose of the Eastman Interdental Bleeding Index (EIBI) is to measure bleeding in the papilla after interproximal stimulation as an indicator of interproximal papillary gingival inflammation True False

True

The director of a local nursing home has approached a public health dental hygienist to design an oral health protocol for the 300 residents. The majority of the residents require assistance with daily hygiene practices. The caregivers state that the residents have severe halitosis, trouble eating, and frequently lose their removable partial dentures. The dental hygienist observes that the caregivers are neglecting daily oral hygiene care for the residents and are not expected to conduct oral cancer screenings. The dental hygienist conducts oral hygiene and oral cancer screening of all the residents, and introduces an educational component to be used by the caregivers. The educational component with consist of six weekly 1-hour sessions. A pretest and post-test will be used to evaluate change in knowledge. -What type of study is being utilized to make sure the educational days have met the goals of the project? a) Case control b) Cross-over c) Pre-test/post-test d) Time series

_________

The director of a local nursing home has approached a public health dental hygienist to design an oral health protocol for the 300 residents. The majority of the residents require assistance with daily hygiene practices. The caregivers state that the residents have severe halitosis, trouble eating, and frequently lose their removable partial dentures. The dental hygienist observes that the caregivers are neglecting daily oral hygiene care for the residents and are not expected to conduct oral cancer screenings. The dental hygienist conducts oral hygiene and oral cancer screening of all the residents, and introduces an educational component to be used by the caregivers. The educational component with consist of six weekly 1-hour sessions. A pretest and post-test will be used to evaluate change in knowledge. -If the data reveal lesions that have not been identified previously, the dental hygienist plans to work with the director of nursing to establish a new protocol for routine oral cancer screening by the registered nurses on staff. What core public health function would this exemplify? a) Policy development b) Assurance c) Tertiary prevention d) Assessment

__________

You have recently been employed as a public health dental hygienist in a local health department. You have been asked to plan, implement, and evaluate a school-based educational and preventive program for selected elementary schools located in your school district. The program is to be based on the Healthy People 2020 oral health objectives. Your plan includes classroom education and the use of a mobile dental van to provide cleanings, sealants, and fluorides. -In the evaluation phase of your program, you plan to measure the children's performance skills in the area of oral hygiene. Which method would be best to accomplish this? a) A demonstration of the procedures by the children b) An oral survey of the children's attitudes on oral health c) A surprise index at the school after lunch d) A written pretest and posttest

a) A demonstration of the procedures by the children

After watching a video on toothbrushing technique, the residents will be able to demonstrate the Modified Bass toothbrushing technique on a typodont to a peer. The condition element of this objective is: a) After watching a video b) The residents c) The modified bass technique d) Able to demonstrate

a) After watching a video

A high dental caries rate has been reported by the school nurse in Kern County Head Start children on the basis of the rate of toothaches and absences. The families are primarily Spanish-speaking Hispanic and East Indian migrant farm workers. They reside in predominantly rural settings with individual well water supplies. A team of dental hygiene students from the local college has been asked to design a comprehensive program to address the problem of dental caries in this population. They begin by collecting baseline data using the deft, OHI-S, and GI. -Which index would be appropriate to determine the rate of pregnancy gingivitis? a) GI b) CPITN c) CPI d) PSR

a) GI

A dental hygiene U.S. Public Health Services (USPHS)-commissioned core officer is assigned to an Indian Health Service (IHS) clinic to improve the oral care of pregnant women in an American Indian rural community with a population of 26,000. Approximately 20% of the pregnant women in this population develop gestational diabetes. When a woman first sees the physician in the clinic for prenatal care, she is referred to the dental clinic for an dental examination. Only 25% of the patients referred over the previous 6 months complied with the dental referral, scheduled an appointment, and received treatment. A survey of the pregnant women served by this clinic reveals poor health literacy, that is, the women do not realize their risk for diabetes, are unaware of the relationship between oral health status and diabetes, and do not understand the benefits of an oral health assessment in relation to their overall health and the health of their babies. -On the basis of the results of the survey, which health education theory is indicated as the foundation for an oral health education intervention to improve compliance with the dental referral? a) Health Belief Model b) Learning Ladder c) Social Cognitive Theory d) Theory of the Transtheoretical Model

a) Health Belief Model

You intend to survey the middle school students to assess their perception of how susceptible they are to addiction and cancer caused by tobacco products. In your prevention program, you will present the benefits of not smoking or chewing and will discuss the results of their decisions. Which model of health promotion are you using? a) Health Belief Model b) Learning Ladder/Stages of Learning c) Social Learning theory d) Theory of Transtheoretical Model

a) Health Belief Model

The following objective is an example of what type of objective: Given a standard balance beam raised to a standard height, the student will be able to walk the entire length of the balance beam steadily, without falling off, and within a six second time span. a) Psychomotor b) cognitive c) affective d) goal statement

a) Psychomotor

You have recently been employed as a public health dental hygienist in a local health department. You have been asked to plan, implement, and evaluate a school-based educational and preventive program for selected elementary schools located in your school district. The program is to be based on the Healthy People 2020 oral health objectives. Your plan includes classroom education and the use of a mobile dental van to provide cleanings, sealants, and fluorides. All of the following are Healthy People 2020 objectives that will be affected by your program EXCEPT: a) Reducing the incidence of periodontitis and gingivitis in children b) Increasing the proportion of health departments that have an oral health component c) Increasing the proportion of children who are provided with topical fluoride d) Increasing the proportion of children who receive preventive dental services

a) Reducing the incidence of periodontitis and gingivitis in children

A public health dental hygienist has been contracted by the local farm bureau because of a large number of worker absences caused by oral health issues. The population has low socioeconomic status (SES), is homogeneous, and does not have access to a community water supply. The hygienist decides to gather information via oral screenings conducted on a sample of the population. Findings indicate a mean DMFT score of 13.4, a mean OHI-S of 2.5, and a mean CPI of 3.1 with no clinical evidence of recession. What is the BEST interpretation of the reported CPI score of 3.1? a) The average score of the population was 3.1 b) The majority of scores were within 3.1 of the mean c) The most commonly occurring score was 3.1 d) The middle score was 3.1

a) The average score of the population was 3.1

You have recently been employed as a public health dental hygienist in a local health department. You have been asked to plan, implement, and evaluate a school-based educational and preventive program for selected elementary schools located in your school district. The program is to be based on the Healthy People 2020 oral health objectives. Your plan includes classroom education and the use of a mobile dental van to provide cleanings, sealants, and fluorides. -On the dental van, you want to assess the needs of the children and make appropriate referrals for treatment. Which of the following methods would be best to relay to the parents the overall needs of their children after the screening? a) Using the Basic Screening Survey and sending the results home with a list of local community clinics b) Sending the DMFT index numbers home with the children c) Phoning the parents and reporting on the finding d) Mailing literature on the importance of oral health to the parents

a) Using the Basic Screening Survey and sending the results home with a list of local community clinics

(1) Collaborative dental programs, meaning joining different specialist together, whether they be teachers, physicians, dental hygienists, care-givers, etc., are generally the most effective ones. (2) Multiple disciplines working together to implement a dental program helps to integrate oral health into general health and promotes oral health as a valued service. (Pg 158) a. Both statements are true b. Both statements are false c. The first statement is true, the second is false d. The second statement is true, the first is false

a. Both statements are true

(1) In Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, the more advanced needs are not addressed until the lower ones have been met. (2) If a lower need reappears, all higher needs disappear. a. Both statements are true b. Both statements are false c. The first statement is true and the second is false d. The first statement is false and the second is true

a. Both statements are true

(1) Incidence rates are the total number of new cases of a disease in a specific population during a specific amount of time. (2) Prevalence rates are the total number of existing cases of a disease in a specific population at a specific time. a. Both statements are true b. Both statements are false c. The first statement is true, the second is false d. The second statement is true, the first is false

a. Both statements are true

Behavior change can lead to a habit once the change is automatic. (2) A person's values regarding the behavior must be changed before the behavior is changed. a. Both statements are true b. Both statements are false c. The first statement is true and the second is false d. The first statement is false and the second is true

a. Both statements are true

What change in DMFT scores would indicate that the needs are being met 5 years after implementation of a program? a) A decrease in total DMFT score b) A decrease in D, increase in F, and no change in M c) An increase in F, decrease in M, and no change in D d) An increase in F, increase in M, and no change in D

b) A decrease in D, increase in F, and no change in M

A high dental caries rate has been reported by the school nurse in Kern County Head Start children on the basis of the rate of toothaches and absences. The families are primarily Spanish-speaking Hispanic and East Indian migrant farm workers. They reside in predominantly rural settings with individual well water supplies. A team of dental hygiene students from the local college has been asked to design a comprehensive program to address the problem of dental caries in this population. They begin by collecting baseline data using the deft, OHI-S, and GI. -Which of the following is indicated by the "e" component of the deft index used in this program? a) A tooth that has naturally exfoliated b) A tooth that has been extracted due to decay c) A tooth that needs to be extracted due to decay d) A decayed surface

b) A tooth that has been extracted due to decay

You decide to collect some baseline data to document the needs of the adults in the community and, possibly, to secure funds for program development. You use the OHI-S to measure the supragingival calculus, stain and debris. The average total score is determined to be 2.9. What rating would you give this population? a) Poor b) Fair c) Good d) Excellent

b) Fair

The Indian Health Service (IHS) approached a state department of dental public health about establishing a caries prevention program in a Native American elementary school. The school consists of grades one-six with 25-30 students per grade. The community is not fluoridated, and local dentists are concerned about the high incidence of dental caries recognized during the past six years. The elementary school receives state and federal funding for health care services including nursing, dental, and nutritional care. Of these children, 30 percent receive Medicaid funding to help meet medical and dental care costs. The school employs a nurse full-time as well as a dental hygienist and nutritionist two days per week. A dentist volunteers his time one day per week. The IHS is asking for assistance in determining the needs of the school children and supporting the implementation of a program to reduce dental caries. It is asking for the program to include educational, therapeutic, and referral services. -If it is determined that the school vending machines contain highly sugared snacks and the removal these machines is approved, which of the following does this action exemplify? a) Health prevention b) Health promotion c) Health services d) Disease progression

b) Health promotion

The Indian Health Service (IHS) approached a state department of dental public health about establishing a caries prevention program in a Native American elementary school. The school consists of grades one-six with 25-30 students per grade. The community is not fluoridated, and local dentists are concerned about the high incidence of dental caries recognized during the past six years. The elementary school receives state and federal funding for health care services including nursing, dental, and nutritional care. Of these children, 30 percent receive Medicaid funding to help meet medical and dental care costs. The school employs a nurse full-time as well as a dental hygienist and nutritionist two days per week. A dentist volunteers his time one day per week. The IHS is asking for assistance in determining the needs of the school children and supporting the implementation of a program to reduce dental caries. It is asking for the program to include educational, therapeutic, and referral services. -The primary purposed of referring indicated children to a dentist for treatment is to a) Create an environment in which dentists are treating more patients b) Increase the probability that dental disease will be reduced c) Ensure that parents are aware of their children's dental needs d) Provide a follow-up activity to the program

b) Increase the probability that dental disease will be reduced

The director of a local nursing home has approached a public health dental hygienist to design an oral health protocol for the 300 residents. The majority of the residents require assistance with daily hygiene practices. The caregivers state that the residents have severe halitosis, trouble eating, and frequently lose their removable partial dentures. The dental hygienist observes that the caregivers are neglecting daily oral hygiene care for the residents and are not expected to conduct oral cancer screenings. The dental hygienist conducts oral hygiene and oral cancer screening of all the residents, and introduces an educational component to be used by the caregivers. The educational component with consist of six weekly 1-hour sessions. A pretest and post-test will be used to evaluate change in knowledge. -How can you determine the caregivers' compliance with providing daily oral hygiene care for the residents? a) Assess a change in the values of caregivers by conducting a survey b) Measure the plaque and gingivitis scores of residents over time c) Observe the caregivers' ability to brush the residents' teeth correctly d) Assess the caregivers' knowledge with a post-test

b) Measure the plaque and gingivitis scores of residents over time

All of these programs would be resources for payment in treating the children's teeth at the dentists' offices except: a) Medicaid b) Medicare c) State Children's Health Insurance (CHIP) d) Private Insurance

b) Medicare

A characteristic of an index when the results are not subject to individual interpretation is considered: a) Clarity b) Objectivity c) Validity d) Reliability

b) Objectivity

You bring your tobacco awareness program to the state public health dental hygienist. In attempting to follow the essential services of the public health core functions, the state dental hygienist wants to support and implement programs at all levels of prevention. At which level of prevention is your tobacco program? a) Planning b) Primary c) Secondary d) Tertiary

b) Primary

(1) The psychomotor domain represents intellectual skills and uses verbs like compare. (2) The cognitive domain describes actions and uses words like demonstrate. a. Both statements are true b. Both statements are false c. The first statement is true and the second is false d. The first statement is false and the second is true.

b. Both statements are false

Which theory for changing health values involves the patient needing to believe they are susceptible to a disease and that the disease has serious consequences? a. Theory of Stages of Learning (Learning Ladder) b. Theory of the Health Belief Model c. Theory of the Transtheoretical Model d. Social Cognitive Theory

b. Theory of the Health Belief Model

You reside in a small town and work in a community clinic. The regional public health dental hygienist asks you for your assistance in assessing, planning, and implementing oral health programs in your town. She is especially concerned about the elderly population and about developing a tobacco awareness program in the middle school. You perform an assessment of the community's needs, including a description by age, gender, and socioeconomic status. This assessment is referred to as the: a) Needs assessment b) Needs Analysis c) Community profile d) Stakeholder's priorities

c) Community profile

The best index to use to determine the decay rate in the elementary school-aged children would be: a) CPI b) OHI c) DMFT d) PDI

c) DMFT

A public health dental hygienist has been contracted by the local farm bureau because of a large number of worker absences caused by oral health issues. The population has low socioeconomic status (SES), is homogeneous, and does not have access to a community water supply. The hygienist decides to gather information via oral screenings conducted on a sample of the population. Findings indicate a mean DMFT score of 13.4, a mean OHI-S of 2.5, and a mean CPI of 3.1 with no clinical evidence of recession. - A mean score of 2.5 for the OHI-S Index would have the following rating: a) Excellent b) Good c) Fair d) Poor

c) Fair

The Indian Health Service (IHS) approached a state department of dental public health about establishing a caries prevention program in a Native American elementary school. The school consists of grades one-six with 25-30 students per grade. The community is not fluoridated, and local dentists are concerned about the high incidence of dental caries recognized during the past six years. The elementary school receives state and federal funding for health care services including nursing, dental, and nutritional care. Of these children, 30 percent receive Medicaid funding to help meet medical and dental care costs. The school employs a nurse full-time as well as a dental hygienist and nutritionist two days per week. A dentist volunteers his time one day per week. The IHS is asking for assistance in determining the needs of the school children and supporting the implementation of a program to reduce dental caries. It is asking for the program to include educational, therapeutic, and referral services. -In this non-fluoridated community, which of the following preventive dental health programs would have the maximum cost benefit for controlling caries in these elementary school children? a) Parent-teacher education program b) Restorative care program c) Fluoride mouth rinse program d) Pit and fissure sealant program

c) Fluoride mouth rinse program

A dental hygiene U.S. Public Health Services (USPHS)-commissioned core officer is assigned to an Indian Health Service (IHS) clinic to improve the oral care of pregnant women in an American Indian rural community with a population of 26,000. Approximately 20% of the pregnant women in this population develop gestational diabetes. When a woman first sees the physician in the clinic for prenatal care, she is referred to the dental clinic for an dental examination. Only 25% of the patients referred over the previous 6 months complied with the dental referral, scheduled an appointment, and received treatment. A survey of the pregnant women served by this clinic reveals poor health literacy, that is, the women do not realize their risk for diabetes, are unaware of the relationship between oral health status and diabetes, and do not understand the benefits of an oral health assessment in relation to their overall health and the health of their babies. -Which characteristic of public health is exemplified by the dental referral by the medical clinic? a) Application of biostatistics to analyze population health problems. b) Community rather than the individual as the client. c) Multi-disciplinary team approach to solving public health problems. d) Social responsibility for oral health.

c) Multi-disciplinary team approach to solving public health problems.

Upon completion of your tobacco awareness program, you intend to present the results to other health care professionals at a health promotion meeting. Which strategy would you choose if you wish to reach a large number of people, have time for interaction, and do not intend to use audiovisual equipment? a) Round table presentation b) Oral paper c) Poster presentation d) Table clinic

c) Poster presentation

The following political tactics will be beneficial in ensuring that the fluoridation referendum will pass EXCEPT one: a) Analysis of the referendum of 10 years ago b) Endorsement by community leaders to discuss water fluoridation c) Public debate with the anti-fluoridationists E) Distribution of literature in Spanish and English throughout the community

c) Public debate with the anti-fluoridationists

You have recently been employed as a public health dental hygienist in a local health department. You have been asked to plan, implement, and evaluate a school-based educational and preventive program for selected elementary schools located in your school district. The program is to be based on the Healthy People 2020 oral health objectives. Your plan includes classroom education and the use of a mobile dental van to provide cleanings, sealants, and fluorides. 1. All of the following are Healthy People 2020 objectives that will be affected by your program EXCEPT: a) Increasing the proportion of health departments that have an oral health component b) Increasing the proportion of children who are provided with topical fluoride c) Reducing the incidence of periodontitis and gingivitis in children d) Increasing the proportion of children who receive preventive dental services

c) Reducing the incidence of periodontitis and gingivitis in children

The screening indicates that there is a need for better oral hygiene and dental restorative work. All of the following are possibilities for dental care for the patients who are mobile except: a) Checking with the nearby dental school for arranging to transport residents to their clinic for care on a reduced-fee or no-cost basis c) Taking the residents to a community clinic that bases its fees on a sliding scale c) Taking the elderly residents to a private practice dentist who accepts Medicare patients d) Asking the dentist and hygienist in your community who use portable equipment to include Manor Care on their list of nursing homes to visit

c) Taking the elderly residents to a private practice dentist who accepts Medicare patients

On the dental van, you want to assess the needs of the children and make appropriate referrals for treatment. Which of the following methods would be best to relay to the parents the overall needs of their children after the screening? a) Mailing literature on the importance of oral health to the parents b) Phoning the parents and reporting on the finding c) Using the Basic Screening Survey and sending the results home with a list of local community clinics d) Sending the DMFT index numbers home with the children

c) Using the Basic Screening Survey and sending the results home with a list of local community clinics

Using an index that measures what it is intended to measure is an example of: a) interrater reliability b) Intrarater reliability c) Validity d) Sensitivity

c) Validity

A high dental caries rate has been reported by the school nurse in Kern County Head Start children on the basis of the rate of toothaches and absences. The families are primarily Spanish-speaking Hispanic and East Indian migrant farm workers. They reside in predominantly rural settings with individual well water supplies. A team of dental hygiene students from the local college has been asked to design a comprehensive program to address the problem of dental caries in this population. They begin by collecting baseline data using the deft, OHI-S, and GI. -What might be some factors that would influence the oral health literacy of this population? a) Minority population b) Immigrant population c) Low socioeconomic status d) All of the above

d) All of the above

You decide to collect some baseline data to document the needs of the adults in the community and, possibly, to secure funds for program development. You want to measure health gingiva, presence or absence of bleeding, supragingival or subgingival calculus, and periodontal pockets. Which index would you use to screen the adults who visit your clinic? a) OHI b) DMFT c) PDI d) CPI

d) CPI See Nathe page 50 Box 4-1

A public health dental hygienist has been contracted by the local farm bureau because of a large number of worker absences caused by oral health issues. The population has low socioeconomic status (SES), is homogeneous, and does not have access to a community water supply. The hygienist decides to gather information via oral screenings conducted on a sample of the population. Findings indicate a mean DMFT score of 13.4, a mean OHI-S of 2.5, and a mean CPI of 3.1 with no clinical evidence of recession. Which step of program planning is BEST represented when the hygienist conducts the oral screenings for this program? a) Analysis of needs b) Program evaluation c) Determination of priorities d) Collection of data

d) Collection of data

Which activity would be most beneficial to the goal of improving the residents' oral hygiene? a) Providing toothbrushes for the staff b) Educating the residents on oral disease c) Purchasing electric toothbrushes for the residents d) Educating the staff on the importance of good oral hygiene self-care

d) Educating the staff on the importance of good oral hygiene self-care

A public health dental hygienist has been contracted by the local farm bureau because of a large number of worker absences caused by oral health issues. The population has low socioeconomic status (SES), is homogeneous, and does not have access to a community water supply. The hygienist decides to gather information via oral screenings conducted on a sample of the population. Findings indicate a mean DMFT score of 13.4, a mean OHI-S of 2.5, and a mean CPI of 3.1 with no clinical evidence of recession. -An index that measures a condition that will not change, such as dental caries, is termed a(an): a) Clinical index b) Nonclinical index c) Reversible index d) Irreversible index

d) Irreversible index

A dental hygiene U.S. Public Health Services (USPHS)-commissioned core officer is assigned to an Indian Health Service (IHS) clinic to improve the oral care of pregnant women in an American Indian rural community with a population of 26,000. Approximately 20% of the pregnant women in this population develop gestational diabetes. When a woman first sees the physician in the clinic for prenatal care, she is referred to the dental clinic for an dental examination. Only 25% of the patients referred over the previous 6 months complied with the dental referral, scheduled an appointment, and received treatment. A survey of the pregnant women served by this clinic reveals poor health literacy, that is, the women do not realize their risk for diabetes, are unaware of the relationship between oral health status and diabetes, and do not understand the benefits of an oral health assessment in relation to their overall health and the health of their babies. -Which would be the BEST intervention to implement first to increase ccompliance with the dental referral? a) Conduct a mailing program to remind pregnant women to schedule an appointment for the dental exam. b) Develop an oral health screening program to be implemented during prenatal care visits. c) Develop written educational materials for distribution during prenatal visits. d) Plan an educational presentation for the pregnant women on the relationship among oral health, systemic health, and the risks and consequences of diabetes.

d) Plan an educational presentation for the pregnant women on the relationship among oral health, systemic health, and the risks and consequences of diabetes.

Your planning includes collecting data using the DMFT index. This tool of measurement will be helpful in assessing which of the following? a) The demand for services from your oral health program b) The children's risk of contracting other health diseases c) The amount of gingivitis and periodontitis in children's' teeth d) The need for services from your oral health program

d) The need for services from your oral health program

Before a dental health program can be planned, the dental hygienist needs to review past programs, identify a paradigm, and create a program. What is a paradigm? a. Clearly written goals and objectives b. A very clear framework that explains a concept or theory c. A model of a specific concept such as the development and operation of a public health program d. Both b and c e. a, b, and c

d. Both b and c

The dental hygiene process of care involves all of the following stages EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION? a. Documentation b. Assessment c. Dental Hygiene Diagnosis d. Designing e. Planning f. Implementationg. Evaluation

d. Designing

(1) Planning is done to determine the level of understanding by the learner. (2) Evaluation is to determine how well a program or educator conveyed the message. a. Both statements are true b. Both statements are false c. The first statement is true and the second is false d. The first statement is false and the second is true.

d. The first statement is false and the second is true.

The Indian Health Service (IHS) approached a state department of dental public health about establishing a caries prevention program in a Native American elementary school. The school consists of grades one-six with 25-30 students per grade. The community is not fluoridated, and local dentists are concerned about the high incidence of dental caries recognized during the past six years. The elementary school receives state and federal funding for health care services including nursing, dental, and nutritional care. Of these children, 30 percent receive Medicaid funding to help meet medical and dental care costs. The school employs a nurse full-time as well as a dental hygienist and nutritionist two days per week. A dentist volunteers his time one day per week. The IHS is asking for assistance in determining the needs of the school children and supporting the implementation of a program to reduce dental caries. It is asking for the program to include educational, therapeutic, and referral services. -Possible negative reactions and conflict could be avoided by obtaining which of the following: a) Permission from the board of dentistry b) Permission from the state department of education c) Support from the local dental hygiene association d) Support of the school nurse and teachers

e) Support of the school nurse and teachers

Qualitative evaluation: a. Involves non-numerical data such as perceptions and attitudes of the population from observations, survey results, and interviews to determine how well a goal is being accomplished b. Identifies measures expressed as a quantity or amount, often on a numerical scale c. Can provide valuable information for program planners to help them revise the program as needed to improve outcomes d. a, b, & c e. a & c

e. a & c

Why is program evaluation (formative and summative) so imperative? a. Planners identify the strengths and weaknesses of the program's workforce, strategies, and organization. b. Without evaluations, dental public health programs cannot be promoted as effective tools in preventing and/or treating dental diseases. c. Planners identify the methods that will measure how well goals are being met. d. Program evaluation really isn't necessary. A program can do well without it. e. a, b, and c are correct

e. a, b, and c are correct

The Five-Dimensional Health Model includes which dimensions? a. Spiritual and Mental b. Physical c. Behavioral d. Social and Emotional e. Both a and c f. a, b, and d

f. a, b, and d